---
title: "Singapore Longitudinal study of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia"
id: "4738"
type: "study"
slug: "sa000037"
published_at: "2023-11-25T14:49:13+00:00"
modified_at: "2026-03-27T15:21:45+00:00"
url: "https://dss.niagads.org/studies/sa000037/"
markdown_url: "https://dss.niagads.org/studies/sa000037.md"
excerpt: "Participants were recruited from memory clinics in 2 study sites in Singapore (National University Hospital and Saint Luke’s Hospital). Assessments of participants were performed from August 12, 2010, to July 28, 2015. Four diagnostic categories at baseline were eligible for..."
---

## Description

Participants were recruited from memory clinics in 2 study sites in Singapore (National University Hospital and Saint Luke’s Hospital). Assessments of participants were performed from August 12, 2010, to July 28, 2015. Four diagnostic categories at baseline were eligible for inclusion in this study (1) No cognitive impairment (NCI): individuals who had no objective cognitive impairment on neuropsychological tests, or functional loss, (2) Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) was diagnosed in patients who were impaired in at least one cognitive domain on a neuropsychological test battery without loss of daily functions. (3) Vascular CIND was defined as a history of ischemic stroke within the past 6–24 months and neuroimaging evidence of cerebral infarction, with objective evidence of neuropsychological deficits.9 (4) Dementia was diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria.

All participants underwent physical, clinical, and neuropsychological assessments and neuroimaging at the National University of Singapore. These assessments were performed annually except for neuroimaging which was offered biennially. Ethics approval for this study was obtained from National Healthcare Group Domain-Specific Review Board. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained, in the preferred language of the participants, by bilingual study coordinators before recruitment. All the data were deidentified before study assessments.

## PI

Christopher Chen  
 National University of Singapore  
 National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.

Saima Hilal  
 National University of Singapore  
 National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.

## Associated Datasets

- [NG00146 - Singapore Longitudinal study of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia](https://dss.niagads.org/datasets/ng00146/) This dataset includes individual level data from Singapore-Longitudinal study of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. This includes both genotyping (raw and imputed) on the Infinium Global Screening Array-24 Kit as… [Learn more](https://dss.niagads.org/datasets/ng00146/)

## Associated Sample Sets

- [snd10047 - Singapore GWAS](https://dss.niagads.org/sample-sets/snd10047/) This dataset contains 390 subjects that were genotyped using the Infinium Global Screening Array-24, resulting in a total of 381,787 genomic SNPs. Of these, 385 subjects passed QC filtering. Additionally,… [Learn more](https://dss.niagads.org/sample-sets/snd10047/)

## Cohorts

- [Singapore Memory Clinics (National University Hospital and Saint Luke’s Hospital)](https://dss.niagads.org/cohorts/singapore/) Longitudinal study of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia study participants and Phenotype data for cohort includes age, sex, and diagnosis. Participants were recruited from memory clinics in 2 study sites in… [Learn more](https://dss.niagads.org/cohorts/singapore/)

## Grants

Singapore National Medical Research Council center grants, NMRC/NUHCS/2010, and NMRC/NUHS/2010 [R-184-006-184-511] to Christopher Chen.

## Acknowledgement

### Acknowledgment statement for any data distributed by NIAGADS:

Data for this study were prepared, archived, and distributed by the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS) at the University of Pennsylvania (U24-AG041689), funded by the National Institute on Aging.

### For investigators using Singapore Longitudinal study of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia data:

National Medical Research Council center grants under Award numbers ]NMRC/NUHCS/2010] and [NMRC/NUHS/2010] [R-184-006-184-511]. NIHAG052409, titled “ADSP Follow-up in Multi-Ethnic Cohorts via Endophenotypes, Omics & Model Systems”.

## Publications

- van Veluw SJ. **Cortical microinfarcts on 3T MRI: Clinical correlates in memory-clinic patients.***Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2015 Dec.*[PubMed link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25956990/)
- Hilal S. **Association Between Subclinical Cardiac Biomarkers and Clinically Manifest Cardiac Diseases With Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts.***JAMA neurology. 2017 Apr 1.*[PubMed link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28166312/)
- Hilal S. **Cortical cerebral microinfarcts predict cognitive decline in memory clinic patients.***Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 2020 Jan.*[PubMed link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30890075/)