NG00067 - ADSP Umbrella

Description

This dataset includes sequencing data and harmonized phenotypes from cohorts sequenced by the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project and other AD and Related Dementia’s studies. Samples are processed using a common workflow called VCPA (Variant Calling Pipeline and data management tool), a functionally equivalent CCDG/TOPMed pipeline.

Latest Release:

The twenty-first release, ng00067.v20 (March 12, 2026), includes 1) an expansion of the ADSP R5 WGS quality-controlled (QCed) files, including autosomal (by consent) and ChrX pVCFs, Genomic Data Structure (GDS) formatted files, and the replicate analysis, 2) additional ADSP R5 deliverables including jointly-called structural variants, linkage disequilibrium reference panel, and imputation panels, 3) the ADSP-PHC release 4 with new cohorts and harmonized domains, and 4) an update to two previously released files.

For additional information about past releases, see the “Data Releases” tab to the left.

Sample Summary per Data Type

Sample Set	Accession	CRAMs/gVCFs	Structural Variant (SV) gVCFs	SNV/Indel pVCF	SV pVCF
ADSP Discovery - WGS	snd10000	n = 579	n = 579	n = 579	n = 579
ADSP Discovery - WES	snd10000	n = 10,655	NA	n = 10,655	NA
ADSP Extension - WGS	snd10001	n = 3,399	n = 3,399	n = 3,399	n = 3,399
ADNI-WGS-1	snd10002	n = 808	n = 808	n = 808	n = 808
ADGC AA - WES	snd10003	n = 3,157	NA	n = 3,157	NA
FASe Families - WES	snd10004	n = 1,100	NA	n = 1,100	NA
Brkanac Families - WES	snd10005	n = 75	NA	n = 75	NA
Miami Families - WES	snd10006	n = 108	NA	n = 108	NA
Columbia WHICAP - WES	snd10007	n = 3,858	NA	n = 3,858	NA
Knight ADRC - WES	snd10008	n = 650	NA	n = 650	NA
CBD - WES	snd10009	n = 346	NA	n = 346	NA
PSP - WES	snd10010	n = 550	NA	n = 550	NA
AMP-AD - WGS	snd10011	n = 1,326	n = 1,326	n = 1,326	n=1,326
UPitt-Kamboh1 - WGS	snd10012	n = 209	n = 209	n = 209	n=209
NACC-Genentech - WGS	snd10013	n = 137	n = 137	n = 137	n=137
Cache County - WGS	snd10014	n = 207	n = 207	n = 207	n=207
PSP-NIH-CurePSP-Tau - WGS	snd10015	n = 617	n = 617	n = 617	n=617
PSP-CurePSP-Tau - WGS	snd10016	n = 886	n = 886	n = 886	n=886
PSP UCLA - WGS	snd10017	n = 408	n = 408	n = 408	n=408
FASe Families - WGS	snd10018	n = 91	n = 91	n = 91	n=91
Knight ADRC - WGS	snd10019	n = 77	n = 77	n = 77	n=77
ADSP-FUS1 - WGS	snd10020	n = 8,159	n = 8,159	n = 8,159	n=8,159
ADGC-TARCC - WGS	snd10030	n = 1,017	n = 1,017	n - 1,017	n = 1,107
ADSP-FUS2 - WGS	snd10031	n = 12,612	n = 12,612	n = 12,612	n = 2,612
EOAD1 - WGS	snd10032	n = 3,131	n = 3,131	n = 3,131	n = 3,131
LASI-DAD - WGS	snd10033	n = 2,686	n = 2,686	n = 2,686	n = 2,686
Pitt-Kamboh-2 - WGS	snd10091	n = 207	n = 207	n = 207	n = 207
GARD1 - WGS	snd10092	n = 2,000	n = 2,000	n = 2,000	n = 2,000
ASPREE1 - WGS	snd10093	n = 2,734	n = 2,734	n = 2,734	n = 2,734
ADSP-FUS3 - WGS	snd10094	n = 8,285	n = 8,285	n = 8,285	n = 8,285
EOAD2 - WGS	snd10095	n = 1,183	n = 1,183	n = 1,183	n = 1,183
Wellderly - WGS	snd10096	n = 1,147	n = 1,147	n = 1,147	n = 1,147
AZAPOE - WGS	snd10097	n = 88	n = 88	n = 88	n = 88
Amyloid-WU - WGS	snd10098	n = 1,070	n = 1,070	n = 1,070	n = 1,070
UAB-ADRC - WGS	snd10099	n = 17	n = 17	n = 17	n = 17
Amyloid-Pitt - WGS	snd10100	n = 798	n = 798	n = 798	n = 798
FASe-Families2 - WGS	snd10101	n = 646	n = 646	n = 646	n = 646
HABS-HD1 - WGS	snd10102	n = 1,359	n = 1,359	n = 1,359	n = 1,359
APOEExtremes1 - WGS	snd10103	n = 21	n = 21	n = 21	n = 21
EFIGA1 - WGS	snd10104	n = 1,373	n = 1,373	n = 1,373	n = 1,373
NIA-AD-FBS1 - WGS	snd10105	n = 997	n = 997	n = 997	n = 997
WHICAP1 - WGS	snd10106	n = 232	n = 232	n = 232	n = 232

Available Filesets

Name	Accession	Latest Release	Description/What’s New
R1 5K, R3 17K , R4 36K, and R5 58K WGS CRAMs/GATK gVCFs and VCF Structural Variant (SV) calls	fsa000001	NG00067.v14	Mapped to GRCh38. Updated with R5 sequencing files
WGS QC Metrics	fsa000001	NG00067.v14	Sequencing Data Quality Control Metrics
Phenotypes/Pedigrees	fsa000002	NG00067.v19	Phenotypes and Pedigree structures for all sequenced subjects
R1 5K WGS Project Level VCF	fsa000003	NG00067.v2	ADSP quality control checked GATK joint called VCF containing 4,788 whole-genomes
R2 20K WES CRAMs/GATK gVCFs	fsa000004	NG00067.v3	Mapped to GRCh38
WES QC Metrics	fsa000004	NG00067.v3	Sequencing Data Quality Control Metrics
R2 20K WES Project Level VCF	fsa000005	NG00067.v17	ADSP quality control checked GATK joint called VCF containing 20503 whole-exomes
R3 17K WGS Project Level VCF	fsa000006	NG00067.v7	Preview and quality-controlled joint called VCF containing 16,905 whole-genomes
ADSP R3 17K WGS BioGraph SV Calls	fsa000022	NG00067.v8	SV joint genotyping pVCF containing SVs called by Biograph on 16,841 samples in the ADSP 17k WGS (R3) dataset
GCAD R3 17K, R4 36K, and R5 58K WGS GraphTyper SV calls	fsa000023	NG00067.v20	SV joint genotyping pVCF containing the merged Manta and Smoove callsets from the ADSP “17k” WGS (R3), "36k" WGS (R4), and "58k" WGS (R5) datasets
R4 36K WGS Project Level VCF	fsa000026	NG00067.v17	Preview and QC joint called VCF containing 36,361 whole-genomes
ADSP PHC Harmonized Phenotypes	fsa000027	NG00067.v19	Harmonized phenotypes of 10 domains for a subset of cohorts
R4 36K WGS Annotation & Reference Panel	fsa000068	NG00067.v14	R4 36K WGS Annotation & LD Reference Panel (open access files)
R5 58K WGS Project Level VCF	fsa000116	NG00067.v20	Preview and QC joint called VCF containing 58,506 whole-genomes
R5 58K Reference Panel	fsa000165	NG00067.v20	R5 58K WGS LD Reference Panel (open access files)
R5 58K Imputation Panel	fsa000166	NG00067.v20	R5 58K WGS LD Imputation Panel

View the File Manifest for a full list of files released in this dataset.

R2 WES Target Regions

Download a copy of the R2 WES target regions: gcad.wes.20650.VCPA1.1.2019.11.01.targetregions.zip

VariXam- Variant Browser

VariXam is an aggregated database and a variant browser that shows genomic variants detected on whole-genome/whole-exome sequence (WGS/WES) data from the ADSP. Browse variants from the R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 joint genotype called VCFs through the open access browser: https://varixam.niagads.org/

For more demographic information about the subjects, navigate to the sample sets below.

Sample Set	Accession Number	Number of Subjects	Number of Samples
ADSP Discovery	snd10000	11,201	11,235
ADSP Extension	snd10001	3,369	3,399
ADNI-WGS-1	snd10002	808	808
ADGC AA WES	snd10003	3,158	3,157
FASe Families WES	snd10004	1,100	1,100
Brkanac Families WES	snd10005	75	75
Miami Families WES	snd10006	108	108
WHICAP WES	snd10007	3,858	3,858
KnightADRC WES	snd10008	650	650
CBD WES	snd10009	335	346
PSP WES	snd10010	550	550
AMP-AD WGS	snd10011	1,321	1,326
UPITT Kamboh 1 WGS	snd10012	209	209
NACC Genentech WGS	snd10013	137	137
Cache County WGS	snd10014	207	207
PSP NIH-CurePSP-Tau WGS	snd10015	615	617
PSP CurePSP-Tau WGS	snd10016	886	886
PSP-UCLA WGS	snd10017	408	408
FASe_Families WGS	snd10018	91	91
KnightADRC WGS	snd10019	77	77
ADSP FUS1 WGS	snd10020	8,129	8,159
ADGC-TARCC WGS	snd10030	1,017	1,017
ADSP-FUS2 WGS	snd10031	12,584	12,612
EOAD1 WGS	snd10032	3,129	3,131
LASI-DAD WGS	snd10033	2,686	2,686
Pitt-Kamboh-2 WGS	snd10091	207	207
GARD1 WGS	snd10092	2,000	2,000
ASPREE1 WGS	snd10093	2,735	2,735
ADSP-FUS3 WGS	snd10094	8,285	8,285
EOAD2 WGS	snd10095	1,178	1,183
AZAPOE WGS	snd10097	88	88
Amyloid-WU WGS	snd10098	1,070	1,070
UAB-ADRC WGS	snd10099	17	17
Amyloid-Pitt WGS	snd10100	798	798
FASe-Families2 WGS	snd10101	646	646
HABS-HD1 WGS	snd10102	1,355	1,359
APOEExtremes1 WGS	snd10103	21	21
EFIGA1 WGS	snd10104	1,601	1,603
NIA-AD-FBS1 WGS	snd10105	997	997
WHICAP1 WGS	snd10106	232	232

Latest Release:

The twenty-first release, ng00067.v20 (March 12, 2026), includes 1) an expansion of the ADSP R5 WGS quality-controlled (QCed) files, including autosomal (by consent) and ChrX pVCFs, Genomic Data Structure (GDS) formatted files, and the replicate analysis, 2) additional ADSP R5 deliverables including jointly-called structural variants, linkage disequilibrium reference panel, and imputation panels, 3) the ADSP-PHC release 4 with new cohorts and harmonized domains, and 4) an update to two previously released files.

Previous Releases:

The twentieth release, ng00067.v19 (December 9, 2025), includes 1) R5 WGS quality-controlled pVCF on whole-genome sequencing data (bi/multi-allelic autosomes), 2) phenotype file updates, 3) update to phenotype integration code for use with R5, and 4) corrections to previously released files.
The nineteenth release, ng00067.v18 (June 10, 2025), includes PHC file updates. The PHC data files are now linked with the ADNI PHC data available through LONI. The script to merge the ADNI PHC and ADSP PHC files is no longer needed, and all data are merged and accessible through DSS.
The eighteenth release, ng00067.v17 (May 15, 2025), includes 1) R2 20k WES Multi-allelic preview pVCFs, 2) R4 Principal Component Analysis, 3) an update to the R5 README, and 4) removal of one sample from the R5 WGS release.
The seventeenth release, ng00067.v16 (February 18, 2025) includes 1) R5 whole-genome sequencing on 22,158 new samples joint-genotype called with the R4 36,349 whole-genomes previously released, totaling 58,507 samples (by-consent level files), 2) Compact version of the R5 preview pVCFs; 3) correction to 12 truncated pVCF files in R5 ALL consent preview files released in ng00067.v14, and 4) correction to three PHC files released in ng00067.v15.
The sixteenth release, ng00067.v15 (December 19, 2024) includes the third release of ADSP-PHC data. This release includes harmonized phenotypes in select cohorts for cognitive, fluid biomarker, neuropathology, cardiovascular risk factors, and neuroimaging (DTI, FLAIR, PET, D1) domains.
The fifteenth release, ng00067.v14 (November 27, 2024) includes 1) R5 new whole-genome sequencing on 22,158 new samples joint-genotype called with the R4 36,349 whole-genomes previously released, totaling 58,507 samples, 2) R4 WGS LD Reference Panel, 3) correction to the R4 QC’d multi-allelic file, and 4) QC’d pVCF in GDS format broken out by individual consent levels, 5) individual-level VCF structural variant calls (manta and smoove callers) for samples added in R5, and 6) phenotypes for the new participants added to the R5 dataset.
The fourteenth release, ng00067.v13 (October 3, 2024) includes 1) R2 WES chrY/M preview pVCFs, 2) R3 WGS CHARGE-generated PCs, and 3) R4 QC’d bi-allelic pVCFs in GDS format, bi-allelic chrX QC’d pVCF, multi-allelic autosomal and chrX QC’d pVCFs, GraphTyper joint-genotyping SV pVCF, and FAVOR annotations.
The thirteenth release, ng00067.v12 (March 4, 2024) includes file corrections and updates.
The twelfth release, ng00067.v11 (December 11, 2023) includes: 1) the second release of the ADSP-PHC harmonized phenotypes in select cohorts for 8 domains, 2) R4 36k WGS annotation files, and 3) file corrections and sample drops.
The eleventh release, ng00067.v10 (August 15, 2023) includes: 1) quality-controlled pVCF for the biallelic autosomes derived from the R4 whole-genome sequencing dataset (n=36,361), 2) individual-level VCF structural variant calls (manta and smoove callers) on R4 WGS samples, 3) R4 WGS preview compact/filtered pVCF with merged chromosomes, and 4) a phenotype integration script.
The tenth release, ng00067.v9 (October 5, 2022) includes 1) new whole-genome sequencing on 19,456 samples joint-genotype called with the R3 16,905 whole-genomes previously released, totaling 36,361 samples, 2) ADSP-PHC harmonized phenotypes for select cohorts in 3 domains: neuropathology, cognitive, and fluid biomarker.
The ninth release, ng00067.v8 (March 24, 2022) includes quality-controlled X-chromosome VCF on the R3 16,905 whole-genomes, quality-controlled X-chromosome PAR VCF on the R3 16,905 whole-genomes, GCAD R3 WGS GraphTyper SV Callset, CHARGE R3 WGS BioGraph SV Callset, and formatting and clarifying corrections to a selection of files.
The eighth release, ng00067.v7 (October 27, 2021) includes the ADSP release 3 (R3) WGS quality-controlled project level VCF (pVCF), ADSP release 2 (R2) WES quality-controlled X-chromosome pseudoautosomal region (PAR) pVCF, and ADSP release 3 (R3) individual-level VCF structural variant (SV) calls (NG00067.v7).
The seventh release, ng00067.v6 (July 6, 2021) includes a file correction to the ADSP Release 3 (R3) Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) Preview files released in ng00067.v5 (version NG00067.v6)
The sixth release, ng00067.v5 (February 25, 2021) includes 1) new whole-genome sequencing on 12,118 samples joint-genotype called with the R1 4,788 whole-genomes previously released, totaling 16,906 samples, 2) quality-controlled X-chromosome data on the R2 20,503 whole-exomes, and 3) updated consent levels for 260 subjects (version NG00067.v5).
The fifth release, ng00067.v4 (November 24, 2020) includes an update to the consent of 104 subjects and the correction of two files pertaining to the 4,789 whole-genome dataset (version NG00067.v4).
The fourth release, ng00067.v3 (September 24, 2020) includes an additional 582 CRAMs, gVCFs, and phenotypes for newly consented samples, as well as an ADSP quality controlled project level VCF for the 20,504 whole exomes (version NG00067.v3).
The third release, ng00067.v2 (February 18, 2020) includes CRAMs, gVCFs, and phenotypes for 19,922 whole exomes. These data were called by GCAD using the VCPA1.1 pipeline (version NG00067.v2).
The second release, ng00067.v1 (October 30, 2018) included an ADSP quality controlled project level VCF for the 4,789 whole genomes previously released (version NG00067.v1).
The first release, ng00067.v0 (July 30, 2018) included CRAMs, gVCFs, and phenotypes for 4,789 whole genomes. These data were called by GCAD using the VCPA1.0 pipeline (version NG00067.v0).

ADSP Phenotype Harmonization Consortium

phc logo The Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Sequencing Project (ADSP) was initiated in 2012 with a focus on identifying novel genes driving risk and resilience in AD and related dementias (ADRD). To date, the ADSP has curated sequencing data from 20,000+ individuals from 39 cohorts, which will increase to 100,000 participants across 70+ cohorts by 2023. The ADSP has focused primarily on AD case/control phenotypes derived from clinical data; however, advancements in our understanding of AD and movement toward a biological definition that integrates pathological and neurodegenerative aspects of the disease, many of which precede clinical symptoms by decades, has presented an opportunity and pressing need to integrate rich endophenotypic data and characterize the genetic architecture of these complex biological cascades in ADRD.

The ADSP Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC, U24-AG074855) was established in response to PAR-20-099 to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD. The mission of the ADSP-PHC is to work in coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives to streamline access to endophenotype data, provide high quality phenotype harmonization across domains, and provide comprehensive documentation of both data availability and harmonization procedures, with the goal of generating harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared through NIAGADS.

The aims of the ADSP-PHC are below:

Procure, collate and curate endophenotype data from ADSP cohort studies.
Harmonize data from ADSP cohort studies leveraging advanced statistical approaches.
Disseminate harmonized phenotypes and harmonization protocols to the research community.
Educate the research community on available harmonized resources and best practices.

Data Releases:

The fourth release of the ADSP-PHC includes a subset of harmonized, ADSP-sequenced data from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s study (A4 Study), the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) Study, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Case Western , Estudio Familiar de Influencia Genetica en Alzheimer (EFIGA), the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities (HABS-HD), the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (KBASE), Memory & Aging Project at Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (MAP at Knight ADRC), Miami HIHG , Miami Brain Bank, National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC), National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Disease Family Based Study (NIA-AD FBS), Religious Orders Study (ROS), Memory and Aging Project (MAP – Rush), Minority Aging Research Study (MARS), Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium (TARCC), Washington Heights/Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) and Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP). ReadMe files, data dictionaries, and harmonized data files are available across the following domains for joint genomic analysis:

Cognitive Harmonization
Diagnosis Harmonization
Fluid Biomarker (CSF, Plasma) Harmonization
Neuropathology Harmonization
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Harmonization
Neuroimaging (DTI, FLAIR, PET, T1) Harmonization

Subject and cohort counts for each domain:

Cohort	Autopsy	Vascular Risk Factors	Cognition	Diagnosis	Fluid Biomarker CSF	Fluid Biomarker Plasma	Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)	Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR)	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) FreeSurfer	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) MUSE	Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Amyloid	Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tau
TOTAL	7,699	24,399	32,874	37,107	1,665	4,114	1,969	7,493	6,153	6,522	6,395	2,035
A4	0	0	3,345	3,345	0	3,114	0	1,418	1,400	804	3,340	338
ACT	502	0	1,337	1,337	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Case Western Autopsy	106	0	0	106	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
EFIGA	0	4,296	4,563	4,730	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
HABS-HD	0	1,325	1,325	1,325	0	650	1,231	1,312	1,275	1,314	923	630
KBASE	0	0	603	603	0	0	0	602	508	601	602	180
Knight ADRC	0	0	870	903	558	0	190	297	433	428	458	159
Miami HIHG	85	0	0	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MARS-Rush	13	48	48	48	0	0	17	20	19	20	0	0
Miami Brain Bank	306	0	0	306	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NACC	5,211	12,216	11,955	14,319	836	350	354	1,809	1,190	1,836	587	263
NIA-AD FBS	381	0	1,650	2,819	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
ROSMAP-Rush	1,095	1,222	1,222	1,222	0	0	56	144	90	144	0	0
TARCC	0	1,161	1,161	1,161	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
WHICAP	0	3,142	3,795	3,798	0	0	0	1,306	659	767	0	0
WRAP	0	989	1,000	1,000	271	0	121	585	579	608	485	465

Sample sizes reflect harmonized data from individuals with ADSP sequencing

Visit the ADSP-PHC website, hosted by the Vanderbilt University Medical Center’s Data Coordination Center, to review sample size distributions by phenotype and variable data dictionaries.

Consent Level	Number of Sequenced Subjects
DS-ADRDAGE-IRB-PUB	1917
DS-ADRD-IRB-PUB	4406
DS-ADRD-IRB-PUB-NPU	7237
DS-ADRDMEM-IRB-PUB-NPU	305
DS-AGEADLT-IRB-PUB	650
DS-AGEBRMEM-IRB-PUB-GSO	2617
DS-ND-IRB-PUB	1136
DS-ND-IRB-PUB-MDS	130
DS-ND-IRB-PUB-NPU	1993
DS-NEURO-IRB-PUB	146
DS-NEURO-IRB-PUB-NPU	475
GRU-IRB-PUB	41414
GRU-IRB-PUB-MDS	408
GRU-IRB-PUB-NPU	233
HMB-IRB-PUB	4911
HMB-IRB-PUB-GSO	747
HMB-IRB-PUB-MDS	1846
HMB-IRB-PUB-NPU	1254
HMB-IRB-PUB-NPU-MDS	274
HMB-IRB-PUB-NPU-MDS-GSO	503

Visit the Data Use Limitations page for definitions of the consent levels above.

Acknowledgment statement for any data distributed by NIAGADS:

Data for this study were prepared, archived, and distributed by the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS) at the University of Pennsylvania (U24-AG041689), funded by the National Institute on Aging.

Use the study-specific acknowledgement statements below (as applicable):

For investigators using any data from this dataset:

Please cite/reference the use of NIAGADS data by including the accession NG00067.

For investigators using Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (sa000001) data:

The Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) is comprised of two Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) genetics consortia and three National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) funded Large Scale Sequencing and Analysis Centers (LSAC). The two AD genetics consortia are the Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) funded by NIA (U01 AG032984), and the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) funded by NIA (R01 AG033193), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), other National Institute of Health (NIH) institutes and other foreign governmental and non-governmental organizations. The Discovery Phase analysis of sequence data is supported through UF1AG047133 (to Drs. Schellenberg, Farrer, Pericak-Vance, Mayeux, and Haines); U01AG049505 to Dr. Seshadri; U01AG049506 to Dr. Boerwinkle; U01AG049507 to Dr. Wijsman; and U01AG049508 to Dr. Goate and the Discovery Extension Phase analysis is supported through U01AG052411 to Dr. Goate, U01AG052410 to Dr. Pericak-Vance and U01 AG052409 to Drs. Seshadri and Fornage.

Sequencing for the Follow Up Study (FUS) is supported through U01AG057659 (to Drs. PericakVance, Mayeux, and Vardarajan) and U01AG062943 (to Drs. Pericak-Vance and Mayeux). Data generation and harmonization in the Follow-up Phase is supported by U54AG052427 (to Drs. Schellenberg and Wang). The FUS Phase analysis of sequence data is supported through U01AG058589 (to Drs. Destefano, Boerwinkle, De Jager, Fornage, Seshadri, and Wijsman), U01AG058654 (to Drs. Haines, Bush, Farrer, Martin, and Pericak-Vance), U01AG058635 (to Dr. Goate), RF1AG058066 (to Drs. Haines, Pericak-Vance, and Scott), RF1AG057519 (to Drs. Farrer and Jun), R01AG048927 (to Dr. Farrer), and RF1AG054074 (to Drs. Pericak-Vance and Beecham).

The ADGC cohorts include: Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) (U01 AG006781, U19 AG066567), the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers (ADRC) (P30 AG062429, P30 AG066468, P30 AG062421, P30 AG066509, P30 AG066514, P30 AG066530, P30 AG066507, P30 AG066444, P30 AG066518, P30 AG066512, P30 AG066462, P30 AG072979, P30 AG072972, P30 AG072976, P30 AG072975, P30 AG072978, P30 AG072977, P30 AG066519, P30 AG062677, P30 AG079280, P30 AG062422, P30 AG066511, P30 AG072946, P30 AG062715, P30 AG072973, P30 AG066506, P30 AG066508, P30 AG066515, P30 AG072947, P30 AG072931, P30 AG066546, P20 AG068024, P20 AG068053, P20 AG068077, P20 AG068082, P30 AG072958, P30 AG072959), the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) (R01 AG11101, RC4 AG039085, K23 AG030944), Indiana Memory and Aging Study (IMAS) (R01 AG019771), Indianapolis Ibadan (R01 AG009956, P30 AG010133), the Memory and Aging Project (MAP) ( R01 AG17917), Mayo Clinic (MAYO) (R01 AG032990, U01 AG046139, R01 NS080820, RF1 AG051504, P50 AG016574), Mayo Parkinson’s Disease controls (NS039764, NS071674, 5RC2HG005605), University of Miami (R01 AG027944, R01 AG028786, R01 AG019085, IIRG09133827, A2011048), the Multi-Institutional Research in Alzheimer’s Genetic Epidemiology Study (MIRAGE) (R01 AG09029, R01 AG025259), the National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD) (U24 AG021886), the National Institute on Aging Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Family Study (NIA- LOAD) (U24 AG056270), the Religious Orders Study (ROS) (P30 AG10161, R01 AG15819), the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) (funded by the Darrell K Royal Texas Alzheimer’s Initiative), Vanderbilt University/Case Western Reserve University (VAN/CWRU) (R01 AG019757, R01 AG021547, R01 AG027944, R01 AG028786, P01 NS026630, and Alzheimer’s Association), the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) (RF1 AG054023), the University of Washington Families (VA Research Merit Grant, NIA: P50AG005136, R01AG041797, NINDS: R01NS069719), the Columbia University Hispanic Estudio Familiar de Influencia Genetica de Alzheimer (EFIGA) (RF1 AG015473), the University of Toronto (UT) (funded by Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, Canadian Institutes of Health Research), and Genetic Differences (GD) (R01 AG007584). The CHARGE cohorts are supported in part by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) infrastructure grant HL105756 (Psaty), RC2HL102419 (Boerwinkle) and the neurology working group is supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) R01 grant AG033193.

The CHARGE cohorts participating in the ADSP include the following: Austrian Stroke Prevention Study (ASPS), ASPS-Family study, and the Prospective Dementia Registry-Austria (ASPS/PRODEM-Aus), the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), the Erasmus Rucphen Family Study (ERF), the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), and the Rotterdam Study (RS). ASPS is funded by the Austrian Science Fond (FWF) grant number P20545-P05 and P13180 and the Medical University of Graz. The ASPS-Fam is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project I904), the EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) in frame of the BRIDGET project (Austria, Ministry of Science) and the Medical University of Graz and the Steiermärkische Krankenanstalten Gesellschaft. PRODEM-Austria is supported by the Austrian Research Promotion agency (FFG) (Project No. 827462) and by the Austrian National Bank (Anniversary Fund, project 15435. ARIC research is carried out as a collaborative study supported by NHLBI contracts (HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C, and HHSN268201100012C). Neurocognitive data in ARIC is collected by U01 2U01HL096812, 2U01HL096814, 2U01HL096899, 2U01HL096902, 2U01HL096917 from the NIH (NHLBI, NINDS, NIA and NIDCD), and with previous brain MRI examinations funded by R01-HL70825 from the NHLBI. CHS research was supported by contracts HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, and grants U01HL080295 and U01HL130114 from the NHLBI with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Additional support was provided by R01AG023629, R01AG15928, and R01AG20098 from the NIA. FHS research is supported by NHLBI contracts N01-HC-25195 and HHSN268201500001I. This study was also supported by additional grants from the NIA (R01s AG054076, AG049607 and AG033040 and NINDS (R01 NS017950). The ERF study as a part of EUROSPAN (European Special Populations Research Network) was supported by European Commission FP6 STRP grant number 018947 (LSHG-CT-2006-01947) and also received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/grant agreement HEALTH-F4- 2007-201413 by the European Commission under the programme “Quality of Life and Management of the Living Resources” of 5th Framework Programme (no. QLG2-CT-2002- 01254). High-throughput analysis of the ERF data was supported by a joint grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (NWO-RFBR 047.017.043). The Rotterdam Study is funded by Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE), the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, the European Commission (DG XII), and the municipality of Rotterdam. Genetic data sets are also supported by the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research NWO Investments (175.010.2005.011, 911-03-012), the Genetic Laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (014-93-015; RIDE2), and the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), project 050-060-810. All studies are grateful to their participants, faculty and staff. The content of these manuscripts is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

The FUS cohorts include: the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers (ADRC) (P30 AG062429, P30 AG066468, P30 AG062421, P30 AG066509, P30 AG066514, P30 AG066530, P30 AG066507, P30 AG066444, P30 AG066518, P30 AG066512, P30 AG066462, P30 AG072979, P30 AG072972, P30 AG072976, P30 AG072975, P30 AG072978, P30 AG072977, P30 AG066519, P30 AG062677, P30 AG079280, P30 AG062422, P30 AG066511, P30 AG072946, P30 AG062715, P30 AG072973, P30 AG066506, P30 AG066508, P30 AG066515, P30 AG072947, P30 AG072931, P30 AG066546, P20 AG068024, P20 AG068053, P20 AG068077, P20 AG068082, P30 AG072958, P30 AG072959), Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (U19AG024904), Amish Protective Variant Study (RF1AG058066), Cache County Study (R01AG11380, R01AG031272, R01AG21136, RF1AG054052), Case Western Reserve University Brain Bank (CWRUBB) (P50AG008012), Case Western Reserve University Rapid Decline (CWRURD) (RF1AG058267, NU38CK000480), CubanAmerican Alzheimer’s Disease Initiative (CuAADI) (3U01AG052410), Estudio Familiar de Influencia Genetica en Alzheimer (EFIGA) (5R37AG015473, RF1AG015473, R56AG051876), Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease Among African Americans Study (GenerAAtions) (2R01AG09029, R01AG025259, 2R01AG048927), Gwangju Alzheimer and Related Dementias Study (GARD) (U01AG062602), Hillblom Aging Network (2014-A-004-NET, R01AG032289, R01AG048234), Hussman Institute for Human Genomics Brain Bank (HIHGBB) (R01AG027944, Alzheimer’s Association “Identification of Rare Variants in Alzheimer Disease”), Ibadan Study of Aging (IBADAN) (5R01AG009956), Longevity Genes Project (LGP) and LonGenity (R01AG042188, R01AG044829, R01AG046949, R01AG057909, R01AG061155, P30AG038072), Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) (R01AG018016), Multi-Institutional Research in Alzheimer’s Genetic Epidemiology (MIRAGE) (2R01AG09029, R01AG025259, 2R01AG048927), Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) (R01NS29993), Peru Alzheimer’s Disease Initiative (PeADI) (RF1AG054074), Puerto Rican 1066 (PR1066) (Wellcome Trust (GR066133/GR080002), European Research Council (340755)), Puerto Rican Alzheimer Disease Initiative (PRADI) (RF1AG054074), Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) (U01NS041588), Research in African American Alzheimer Disease Initiative (REAAADI) (U01AG052410), the Religious Orders Study (ROS) (P30 AG10161, P30 AG72975, R01 AG15819, R01 AG42210), the RUSH Memory and Aging Project (MAP) (R01 AG017917, R01 AG42210Stanford Extreme Phenotypes in AD (R01AG060747), University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (MBB), University of Miami/Case Western/North Carolina A&T African American (UM/CASE/NCAT) (U01AG052410, R01AG028786), Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP) (R01AG027161 and R01AG054047), Mexico-Southern California Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (R01AG069013), Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging (R01AG047649), and the A4 Study (R01AG063689, U19AG010483 and U24AG057437).

The four LSACs are: the Human Genome Sequencing Center at the Baylor College of Medicine (U54 HG003273), the Broad Institute Genome Center (U54HG003067), The American Genome Center at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (U01AG057659), and the Washington University Genome Institute (U54HG003079). Genotyping and sequencing for the ADSP FUS is also conducted at John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (HIHG) Center for Genome Technology (CGT).

Biological samples and associated phenotypic data used in primary data analyses were stored at Study Investigators institutions, and at the National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD, U24AG021886) at Indiana University funded by NIA. Associated Phenotypic Data used in primary and secondary data analyses were provided by Study Investigators, the NIA funded Alzheimer’s Disease Centers (ADCs), and the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC, U24AG072122) and the National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS, U24AG041689) at the University of Pennsylvania, funded by NIA. Harmonized phenotypes were provided by the ADSP Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC), funded by NIA (U24 AG074855, U01 AG068057 and R01 AG059716) and Ultrascale Machine Learning to Empower Discovery in Alzheimer’s Disease Biobanks (AI4AD, U01 AG068057). This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of health, National Library of Medicine. Contributors to the Genetic Analysis Data included Study Investigators on projects that were individually funded by NIA, and other NIH institutes, and by private U.S. organizations, or foreign governmental or nongovernmental organizations.

The ADSP Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC) is funded by NIA (U24 AG074855, U01 AG068057 and R01 AG059716). The harmonized cohorts within the ADSP-PHC include: the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s study (A4 Study), a secondary prevention trial in preclinical Alzheimer's disease, aiming to slow cognitive decline associated with brain amyloid accumulation in clinically normal older individuals. The A4 Study is funded by a public-private-philanthropic partnership, including funding from the National Institutes of Health-National Institute on Aging, Eli Lilly and Company, Alzheimer's Association, Accelerating Medicines Partnership, GHR Foundation, an anonymous foundation and additional private donors, with in-kind support from Avid and Cogstate. The companion observational Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration (LEARN) Study is funded by the Alzheimer's Association and GHR Foundation. The A4 and A4-LEARN Studies are led by Dr. Reisa Sperling at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Dr. Paul Aisen at the Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute (ATRI), University of Southern California. The A4 and LEARN Studies are coordinated by ATRI at the University of Southern California, and the data are made available through the Laboratory for Neuro Imaging at the University of Southern California. The participants screening for the A4 Study provided permission to share their de-identified data in order to advance the quest to find a successful treatment for Alzheimer's disease. We would like to acknowledge the dedication of all the participants, the site personnel, and all of the partnership team members who continue to make the A4 and LEARN Studies possible. The complete A4 Study Team list is available on: a4study.org/a4-study-team.; the Adult Changes in Thought study (ACT), U01 AG006781, U19 AG066567; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): Data collection and sharing for this project was funded by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904) and DOD ADNI (Department of Defense award number W81XWH-12-2-0012). ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and through generous contributions from the following: AbbVie, Alzheimer's Association; Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation; Araclon Biotech; BioClinica, Inc.; Biogen; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; CereSpir, Inc.; Cogstate; Eisai Inc.; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; EuroImmun; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and its affiliated company Genentech, Inc.; Fujirebio; GE Healthcare; IXICO Ltd.;Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC.; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC.; Lumosity; Lundbeck; Merck & Co., Inc.;Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.; NeuroRx Research; Neurotrack Technologies; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc.; Piramal Imaging; Servier; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; and Transition Therapeutics. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research is providing funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada. Private sector contributions are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (www.fnih.org). The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute at the University of Southern California. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for Neuro Imaging at the University of Southern California; Brain tissue and additional biological samples were collected from individuals who were assessed and followed in the Case Western ADC which was funded by NIA P50AG008012; Estudio Familiar de Influencia Genetica en Alzheimer (EFIGA): 5R37AG015473, RF1AG015473, R56AG051876; the Health & Aging Brain Study – Health Disparities (HABS-HD), supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers R01AG054073, R01AG058533, R01AG070862, P41EB015922, and U19AG078109; brain tissues were obtained from the Brain Bank at the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, with funding provided by Louis D. Scientific Prize from the Institut de France; the Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (IADRC) supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant P30AG072976; the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (KBASE), which was supported by a grant from Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (Grant No: NRF-2014M3C7A1046042); Memory & Aging Project at Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (MAP at Knight ADRC): The Memory and Aging Project at the Knight-ADRC (Knight-ADRC). This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01AG064614, R01AG044546, RF1AG053303, RF1AG058501, U01AG058922 and R01AG064877 to Carlos Cruchaga. The recruitment and clinical characterization of research participants at Washington University was supported by NIH grants P30AG066444, P01AG03991, and P01AG026276. Data collection and sharing for this project was supported by NIH grants RF1AG054080, P30AG066462, R01AG064614 and U01AG052410. We thank the contributors who collected samples used in this study, as well as patients and their families, whose help and participation made this work possible. This work was supported by access to equipment made possible by the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, the Neurogenomics and Informatics Center (NGI: https://neurogenomics.wustl.edu/) and the Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine; the University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (Miami Brain Bank); National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC): The NACC database is funded by NIA/NIH Grant U24 AG072122. SCAN is a multi-institutional project that was funded as a U24 grant (AG067418) by the National Institute on Aging in May 2020. Data collected by SCAN and shared by NACC are contributed by the NIA-funded ADRCs as follows: P30 AG062429 (PI James Brewer, MD, PhD), P30 AG066468 (PI Oscar Lopez, MD), P30 AG062421 (PI Bradley Hyman, MD, PhD), P30 AG066509 (PI Thomas Grabowski, MD), P30 AG066514 (PI Mary Sano, PhD), P30 AG066530 (PI Helena Chui, MD), P30 AG066507 (PI Marilyn Albert, PhD), P30 AG066444 (PI John Morris, MD), P30 AG066518 (PI Jeffrey Kaye, MD), P30 AG066512 (PI Thomas Wisniewski, MD), P30 AG066462 (PI Scott Small, MD), P30 AG072979 (PI David Wolk, MD), P30 AG072972 (PI Charles DeCarli, MD), P30 AG072976 (PI Andrew Saykin, PsyD), P30 AG072975 (PI David Bennett, MD), P30 AG072978 (PI Neil Kowall, MD), P30 AG072977 (PI Robert Vassar, PhD), P30 AG066519 (PI Frank LaFerla, PhD), P30 AG062677 (PI Ronald Petersen, MD, PhD), P30 AG079280 (PI Eric Reiman, MD), P30 AG062422 (PI Gil Rabinovici, MD), P30 AG066511 (PI Allan Levey, MD, PhD), P30 AG072946 (PI Linda Van Eldik, PhD), P30 AG062715 (PI Sanjay Asthana, MD, FRCP), P30 AG072973 (PI Russell Swerdlow, MD), P30 AG066506 (PI Todd Golde, MD, PhD), P30 AG066508 (PI Stephen Strittmatter, MD, PhD), P30 AG066515 (PI Victor Henderson, MD, MS), P30 AG072947 (PI Suzanne Craft, PhD), P30 AG072931 (PI Henry Paulson, MD, PhD), P30 AG066546 (PI Sudha Seshadri, MD), P20 AG068024 (PI Erik Roberson, MD, PhD), P20 AG068053 (PI Justin Miller, PhD), P20 AG068077 (PI Gary Rosenberg, MD), P20 AG068082 (PI Angela Jefferson, PhD), P30 AG072958 (PI Heather Whitson, MD), P30 AG072959 (PI James Leverenz, MD); National Institute on Aging Alzheimer’s Disease Family Based Study (NIA-AD FBS): U24 AG056270; Religious Orders Study (ROS): P30AG10161,R01AG15819, R01AG42210; Memory and Aging Project (MAP - Rush): R01AG017917, R01AG42210; Minority Aging Research Study (MARS): R01AG22018, R01AG42210; the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium (TARCC), funded by the Darrell K Royal Texas Alzheimer’s Initiative, directed by the Texas Council on Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders; Washington Heights/Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP): RF1 AG054023;and Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP): R01AG027161 and R01AG054047. Additional acknowledgments include the National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS, U24AG041689) at the University of Pennsylvania, funded by NIA.

Last Updated 03.11.2026

For investigators using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (sa000002) data:

Data collection and sharing for this project was funded by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904) and DOD ADNI (Department of Defense award number W81XWH-12-2-0012). ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and through generous contributions from the following: AbbVie, Alzheimer’s Association; Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation; Araclon Biotech; BioClinica, Inc.; Biogen; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; CereSpir, Inc.; Cogstate; Eisai Inc.; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; EuroImmun; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and its affiliated company Genentech, Inc.; Fujirebio; GE Healthcare; IXICO Ltd.; Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC.; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC.; Lumosity; Lundbeck; Merck & Co., Inc.; Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.; NeuroRx Research; Neurotrack Technologies; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc.; Piramal Imaging; Servier; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; and Transition Therapeutics. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research is providing funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada. Private sector contributions are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (www.fnih.org). The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute at the University of Southern California. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for Neuro Imaging at the University of Southern California.

Additional information to include in an acknowledgment statement can be found on the LONI site: https://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Data_Use_Agreement.pdf.

For investigators using Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium (sa000003) data:

Use the following for use of any ADGC generated data:

The Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) supported sample preparation, sequencing and data processing through NIA grant U01AG032984. Sequencing data generation and harmonization is supported by the Genome Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, U54AG052427, and data sharing is supported by NIAGADS, U24AG041689. Samples from the National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD), which receives government support under a cooperative agreement grant (U24 AG021886) awarded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), were used in this study. We thank contributors who collected samples used in this study, as well as patients and their families, whose help and participation made this work possible.

See below for additional dataset specific acknowledgments:

For use with GWAS Datasets ADC1-15:

The NACC database is funded by NIA/NIH Grant U24 AG072122. NACC data are contributed by the NIA-funded ADRCs: P30 AG062429 (PI James Brewer, MD, PhD), P30 AG066468 (PI Oscar Lopez, MD), P30 AG062421 (PI Bradley Hyman, MD, PhD), P30 AG066509 (PI Thomas Grabowski, MD), P30 AG066514 (PI Mary Sano, PhD), P30 AG066530 (PI Helena Chui, MD), P30 AG066507 (PI Marilyn Albert, PhD), P30 AG066444 (PI John Morris, MD), P30 AG066518 (PI Jeffrey Kaye, MD), P30 AG066512 (PI Thomas Wisniewski, MD), P30 AG066462 (PI Scott Small, MD), P30 AG072979 (PI David Wolk, MD), P30 AG072972 (PI Charles DeCarli, MD), P30 AG072976 (PI Andrew Saykin, PsyD), P30 AG072975 (PI David Bennett, MD), P30 AG072978 (PI Neil Kowall, MD), P30 AG072977 (PI Robert Vassar, PhD), P30 AG066519 (PI Frank LaFerla, PhD), P30 AG062677 (PI Ronald Petersen, MD, PhD), P30 AG079280 (PI Eric Reiman, MD), P30 AG062422 (PI Gil Rabinovici, MD), P30 AG066511 (PI Allan Levey, MD, PhD), P30 AG072946 (PI Linda Van Eldik, PhD), P30 AG062715 (PI Sanjay Asthana, MD, FRCP), P30 AG072973 (PI Russell Swerdlow, MD), P30 AG066506 (PI Todd Golde, MD, PhD), P30 AG066508 (PI Stephen Strittmatter, MD, PhD), P30 AG066515 (PI Victor Henderson, MD, MS), P30 AG072947 (PI Suzanne Craft, PhD), P30 AG072931 (PI Henry Paulson, MD, PhD), P30 AG066546 (PI Sudha Seshadri, MD), P20 AG068024 (PI Erik Roberson, MD, PhD), P20 AG068053 (PI Justin Miller, PhD), P20 AG068077 (PI Gary Rosenberg, MD), P20 AG068082 (PI Angela Jefferson, PhD), P30 AG072958 (PI Heather Whitson, MD), P30 AG072959 (PI James Leverenz, MD). NACC phenotypes were provided by the ADSP Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC), funded by NIA (U24 AG074855, U01 AG068057 and R01 AG059716).

For use with the ADGC_AA_WES (snd10003) data:

NIH grants supported enrollment and data collection for the individual studies including: GenerAAtions R01AG20688 (PI M. Daniele Fallin, PhD); Miami/Duke R01 AG027944, R01 AG028786 (PI Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, PhD); NC A&T P20 MD000546, R01 AG28786-01A1 (PI Goldie S. Byrd, PhD); Case Western (PI Jonathan L. Haines, PhD); MIRAGE R01 AG009029 (PI Lindsay A. Farrer, PhD); ROS P30AG10161, R01AG15819, R01AG30146, TGen (PI David A. Bennett, MD); MAP R01AG17917, R01AG15819, TGen (PI David A. Bennett, MD); MARS R01AG022018 (PI Lisa L. Barnes).[CL1] [KA2] The NACC database is funded by NIA/NIH Grant U24 AG072122. NACC data are contributed by the NIA-funded ADCs: P30 AG019610 (PI Eric Reiman, MD), P30 AG013846 (PI Neil Kowall, MD), P30 AG062428-01 (PI James Leverenz, MD) P50 AG008702 (PI Scott Small, MD), P50 AG025688 (PI Allan Levey, MD, PhD), P50 AG047266 (PI Todd Golde, MD, PhD), P30 AG010133 (PI Andrew Saykin, PsyD), P50 AG005146 (PI Marilyn Albert, PhD), P30 AG062421-01 (PI Bradley Hyman, MD, PhD), P30 AG062422-01 (PI Ronald Petersen, MD, PhD), P50 AG005138 (PI Mary Sano, PhD), P30 AG008051 (PI Thomas Wisniewski, MD), P30 AG013854 (PI Robert Vassar, PhD), P30 AG008017 (PI Jeffrey Kaye, MD), P30 AG010161 (PI David Bennett, MD), P50 AG047366 (PI Victor Henderson, MD, MS), P30 AG010129 (PI Charles DeCarli, MD), P50 AG016573 (PI Frank LaFerla, PhD), P30 AG062429-01(PI James Brewer, MD, PhD), P50 AG023501 (PI Bruce Miller, MD), P30 AG035982 (PI Russell Swerdlow, MD), P30 AG028383 (PI Linda Van Eldik, PhD), P30 AG053760 (PI Henry Paulson, MD, PhD), P30 AG010124 (PI John Trojanowski, MD, PhD), P50 AG005133 (PI Oscar Lopez, MD), P50 AG005142 (PI Helena Chui, MD), P30 AG012300 (PI Roger Rosenberg, MD), P30 AG049638 (PI Suzanne Craft, PhD), P50 AG005136 (PI Thomas Grabowski, MD), P30 AG062715-01 (PI Sanjay Asthana, MD, FRCP), P50 AG005681 (PI John Morris, MD), P50 AG047270 (PI Stephen Strittmatter, MD, PhD).

For use with the ADGC-TARCC-WGS (snd10030) data:

This study was made possible by the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) funded by the state of Texas through the Texas Council on Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders and the Darrell K Royal Texas Alzheimer’s Initiative.

For investigators using The Familial Alzheimer Sequencing Project (sa000004) data:

This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01AG044546, P01AG003991, RF1AG053303, R01AG058501, U01AG058922, RF1AG058501 and R01AG057777). The recruitment and clinical characterization of research participants at Washington University were supported by NIH P50 AG05681, P01 AG03991, and P01 AG026276. This work was supported by access to equipment made possible by the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine.

We thank the contributors who collected samples used in this study, as well as patients and their families, whose help and participation made this work possible. This work was supported by access to equipment made possible by the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine

For investigators using Brkanac- Family-based genome scan for AAO of LOAD (sa000005) data:

This work was partially supported by grant funding from NIH R01 AG039700 and NIH P50 AG005136. Subjects and samples used here were originally collected with grant funding from NIH U24 AG026395, U24 AG021886, P50 AG008702, P01 AG007232, R37 AG015473, P30 AG028377, P50 AG05128, P50 AG16574, P30 AG010133, P50 AG005681, P01 AG003991, U01MH046281, U01 MH046290 and U01 MH046373. The funders had no role in study design, analysis or preparation of the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests.

For investigators using HIHG Miami Families with AD (sa000006) data:

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 AG027944, R01 AG028786 to MAPV, R01 AG019085 to JLH, P20 MD000546); a joint grant from the Alzheimer’s Association (SG-14-312644) and the Fidelity Biosciences Research Initiative to MAPV; the BrightFocus Foundation (A2011048 to MAPV). NIA-LOAD Family-Based Study supported the collection of samples used in this study through NIH grants U24 AG026395 and R01 AG041797 and the MIRAGE cohort was supported through the NIH grants R01 AG025259 and R01 AG048927. We thank contributors, including the Alzheimer’s disease Centers who collected samples used in this study, as well as patients and their families, whose help and participation made this work possible. Study design: HNC, BWK, JLH, MAPV; Sample collection: MLC, JMV, RMC, LAF, JLH, MAPV; Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing: SR, PLW; Sequencing data analysis: HNC, BWK, KLHN, SR, MAK, JRG, ERM, GWB, MAPV; Statistical analysis: BWK, KLHN, JMJ, MAPV; Preparation of manuscript: HNC, BWK. The authors jointly discussed the experimental results throughout the duration of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

For investigators using Washington Heights and Inwood Community Aging project (WHICAP) (sa000007) data:

Data collection and sharing for this project was supported by the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP R01AG072474, PO1AG07232, R01AG037212, RF1AG054023) funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). This manuscript has been reviewed by WHICAP investigators for scientific content and consistency of data interpretation with previous WHICAP Study publications. We acknowledge the WHICAP study participants and the WHICAP research and support staff for their contributions to this study.

For investigators using Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (sa000008) data:

See below for additional dataset specific acknowledgments:

For use of the ADSP-PHC harmonized phenotypes deposited within dataset, ng00067, use the following statement:

The Memory and Aging Project at the Knight-ADRC (Knight-ADRC), supported by NIH grants R01AG064614, R01AG044546, RF1AG053303, RF1AG058501, U01AG058922 and R01AG064877 to Carlos Cruchaga. The recruitment and clinical characterization of research participants at Washington University was supported by NIH grants P30AG066444, P01AG03991, and P01AG026276. Data collection and sharing for this project was supported by NIH grants RF1AG054080, P30AG066462, R01AG064614 and U01AG052410. This work was supported by access to equipment made possible by the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, the Neurogenomics and Informatics Center (NGI: https://neurogenomics.wustl.edu/) and the Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine.

For use of ng00050 and ng00052, use the following statement:
This work was supported by Pfizer and grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01-AG044546, P01-AG003991), and the Alzheimer's Association (NIRG-11–200110). This research was conducted while Carlos Cruchaga was a recipient of a New Investigator Award in Alzheimer's disease from the American Federation for Aging Research. Carlos Cruchaga is a recipient of a BrightFocus Foundation Alzheimer's Disease Research Grant (A2013359S). The recruitment and clinical characterization of research participants at Washington University were supported by NIHP50 AG05681, P01 AG03991, and P01 AG026276. Some of the samples used in this study were genotyped by the ADGC and GERAD. ADGC is supported by grants from the NIH (#U01AG032984) and GERAD from the Wellcome Trust (GR082604MA) and the Medical Research Council (G0300429). Data collection and sharing for this project was funded by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904) and DOD ADNI (Department of Defense award number W81XWH-12-2-0012). ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and through generous contributions from the following: Alzheimer's Association; Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation; Araclon Biotech; BioClinica, Inc.; Biogen Idec; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Eisai; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; EuroImmun; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. and its affiliated company Genentech, Inc.; Fujirebio; GE Healthcare; IXICO Ltd.; Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC; Medpace; Merck; Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.; NeuroRx Research; Neurotrack Technologies; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc.; Piramal Imaging; Servier; Synarc Inc.; and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company. The Canadian Institutes of Rev December 5, 2013 Health Research is providing funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada. Private sector contributions are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (www.fnih.org). The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study at the University of California, San Diego. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for Neuro Imaging at the University of Southern California.

For investigators using Corticobasal Degeneration Study (sa000009) data:

CBD Solutions funded the WES, data processing, and analysis. Assembled samples are from University College London (John Hardy), Mayo Clinic Jacksonville (Dennis Dickson), University of Pennsylvania (John Trojanowski), Emory University (Marla Gearing), Johns Hopkins University (Alex Pantelyat), Indiana University (Bernadino Ghetti), New York Brain Bank (Jean Paul Vonsattel), McClean Brain Bank (Elaine Benes), University of Texas Southwestern (Charles White), University of California Los Angeles (William Tourtelloute), and European collaborators at University Munich and Neurobiobank Munich (Gunter Hoglinger, Ulrich Muller, Hans Kretzschmr), Newcastle University, University of Barcelona (Charles Gaig), MRC London Brain Bank, Australian Brain Bank, and the University of Madrid (Alberto Rábano Gutiérrez).

For investigators using Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Study (sa000010) data:

This work was funded by the following NIH grants: P01 AG017586 (VM-YL, GDS, JQT), U54 NS100693 (OR, DD, GDS), UG3 NS104095 (GDS, L-SW, OR), U54 AG052427 (l-SW, GDS), P30 AG010133 (B.G.), R01 AG057516 (AC, AM, AW, JAP, SG), R01 HL143790 (AC, SG), R01 HG010067 (SG), RF1 AG055477 (CB), P01 AG017586 (VM-YL, GDS, JQT, VMV), UG3 NS104095 and CWOW grant U54 NS100693 (DD), AG025688 and NS055077 (MG), P30 AG012300 (CLW), P30 AG053760 (APL and RA), 1P50NS091856 (RA), 5 P50 AG005134 (MPF), AG005131 (DRG), Johns Hopkins University Morris K. Udall Parkinson’s Disease Research Center of Excellence grant P50 NS038377 and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center grant P50 AG05146 (JCT), U24 NS072026 and P30 AG19610 (TGB). This work was also funded by Cure PSP (GDS), the Rainwater Foundation (GDS), the Daniel B. Burke Endowed Chair for Diabetes Research (SG), the CHOP Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics (AW, SFG), a CUREPSP research grant (Cure PSP Grant # 515-14; 2013-2015) to P.P., the Reta Lila Weston Trust for Medical Research, the PSP Association (RdS), and the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (TGB). G. Höglinger was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy within the framework of the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 2145 SyNergy – ID 390857198), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, 01KU1403A EpiPD; 01EK1605A HitTau), and the NOMIS foundation (FTLD project). J. Hardy was partly funded by UKDRI limited which receives its funding from the MRC, the Alzheimer’s Society and Alzheimer Research UK. The London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank receives funding from the UK Medical Research Council (MR/L016397/1) and as part of the Brains for Dementia Research programme, jointly funded by Alzheimer’s Research UK and the Alzheimer’s Society. Queen Square Brain Bank is supported by the Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies and the Medical Research Council UK. Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource is funded in part by a grant from the UK Medical Research Council (MR/L016451/1) and by Brains for Dementia Research, a joint venture between Alzheimer’s Society and Alzheimer’s Research UK (CMM) and National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University (CMM). This work was partly funded by UKDRI limited which receives its funding from the MRC, the Alzheimer’s Society and Alzheimer Research UK (JH). The Mayo Clinic Florida had support from a Morris K. Udall Parkinson’s Disease Research Center of Excellence (NINDS P50 #NS072187), CurePSP and the Tau Consortium. OAR is supported by a NINDS Tau Center without Walls (U54-NS100693), NINDS R01-NS078086 and the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine. Funding provided by CurePSP through the generous support of the Peebler PSP Research Foundation in memory of Charles D. Peebler Jr. and Drs. Jeffrey S. and Jennifer R. Friedman in memory of Morton L. Friedman.

For investigators using Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Alzheimer’s Disease (AMP-AD) (sa000011) data:

Mayo RNAseq Study- Study data were provided by the following sources: The Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Studies, led by Dr. Nilufer Ertekin-Taner and Dr. Steven G. Younkin, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL using samples from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and the Mayo Clinic Brain Bank. Data collection was supported through funding by NIA grants P50 AG016574, R01 AG032990, U01 AG046139, R01 AG018023, U01 AG006576, U01 AG006786, R01 AG025711, R01 AG017216, R01 AG003949, NINDS grant R01 NS080820, CurePSP Foundation, and support from Mayo Foundation. Study data includes samples collected through the Sun Health Research Institute Brain and Body Donation Program of Sun City, Arizona. The Brain and Body Donation Program is supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U24 NS072026 National Brain and Tissue Resource for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders), the National Institute on Aging (P30 AG19610 Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Core Center), the Arizona Department of Health Services (contract 211002, Arizona Alzheimer's Research Center), the Arizona Biomedical Research Commission (contracts 4001, 0011, 05-901 and 1001 to the Arizona Parkinson's Disease Consortium) and the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research

ROSMAP- We are grateful to the participants in the Religious Order Study, the Memory and Aging Project. This work is supported by the US National Institutes of Health [U01 AG046152, R01 AG043617, R01 AG042210, R01 AG036042, R01 AG036836, R01 AG032990, R01 AG18023, RC2 AG036547, P50 AG016574, U01 ES017155, KL2 RR024151, K25 AG041906-01, R01 AG30146, P30 AG10161, R01 AG17917, R01 AG15819, K08 AG034290, P30 AG10161 and R01 AG11101.

Mount Sinai Brain Bank (MSBB)- This work was supported by the grants R01AG046170, RF1AG054014, RF1AG057440 and R01AG057907 from the NIH/National Institute on Aging (NIA). R01AG046170 is a component of the AMP-AD Target Discovery and Preclinical Validation Project. Brain tissue collection and characterization was supported by NIH HHSN271201300031C.

For investigators using University of Pittsburgh- Kamboh (sa000012) data:

This study was supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) grants AG030653, AG041718, AG064877 and P30-AG066468.

For investigators using APOE Extremes WGS Study (sa000013) data:

We would like to thank study participants, their families, and the sample collectors for their invaluable contributions. This research was supported in part by the National Institute on Aging grant U01AG049508 (PI Alison M. Goate) and U01AG052411 (MPIs Alison Goate, Carlos Cruchaga, Bin Zhang). This research was supported in part by the National Institute on Aging Intramural Program (MPIs Sonja Scholz, Bryan Traynor, Andrew Singleton). This research was supported in part by Genentech, Inc. (PI Alison Goate, Robert Graham).

The NACC database is funded by NIA/NIH Grant U01 AG016976. NACC data are contributed by these NIA-funded ADCs: P30 AG013846 (PI Neil Kowall, MD), P50 AG008702 (PI Scott Small, MD), P50 AG025688 (PI Allan Levey, MD, PhD), P30 AG010133 (PI Andrew Saykin, PsyD), P50 AG005146 (PI Marilyn Albert, PhD), P50 AG005134 (PI Bradley Hyman, MD, PhD), P50 AG016574 (PI Ronald Petersen, MD, PhD), P30 AG013854 (PI M. Marsel Mesulam, MD), P30 AG008017 (PI Jeffrey Kaye, MD), P30 AG010161 (PI David Bennett, MD), P30 AG010129 (PI Charles DeCarli, MD), P50 AG016573 (PI Frank LaFerla, PhD), P50 AG005131 (PI Douglas Galasko, MD), P30 AG028383 (PI Linda Van Eldik, PhD), P30 AG010124 (PI John Trojanowski, MD, PhD), P50 AG005142 (PI Helena Chui, MD), P30 AG012300 (PI Roger Rosenberg, MD), P50 AG005136 (PI Thomas Grabowski, MD), P50 AG005681 (PI John Morris, MD), P30 AG028377 (Kathleen Welsh-Bohmer, PhD), and P50 AG008671 (PI Henry Paulson, MD, PhD).

Samples from the National Cell Repository for Alzheimer’s Disease (NCRAD), which receives government support under a cooperative agreement grant (U24 AG21886) awarded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), were used in this study. We thank contributors who collected samples used in this study, as well as patients and their families, whose help and participation made this work possible.

The Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium supported the collection of samples used in this study through National Institute on Aging (NIA) grants U01AG032984 and RC2AG036528.

For investigators using Cache County Study (sa000014) data:

We acknowledge the generous contributions of the Cache County Memory Study participants. Sequencing for this study was funded by RF1AG054052 (PI: John S.K. Kauwe).

For investigators using NIH, CurePSP and Tau Consortium PSP WGS (sa000015) data:

This project was funded by the NIH grant UG3NS104095 and supported by grants U54NS100693 and U54AG052427. Queen Square Brain Bank is supported by the Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies and the Medical Research Council UK. The Mayo Clinic Florida had support from a Morris K. Udall Parkinson's Disease Research Center of Excellence (NINDS P50 #NS072187), CurePSP and the Tau Consortium. The samples from the University of Pennsylvania are supported by NIA grant P01AG017586.

For investigators using CurePSP and Tau Consortium PSP WGS (sa000016) data:

This project was funded by the Tau Consortium, Rainwater Charitable Foundation, and CurePSP. It was also supported by NINDS grant U54NS100693 and NIA grants U54NS100693 and U54AG052427. Queen Square Brain Bank is supported by the Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies and the Medical Research Council UK. The Mayo Clinic Florida had support from a Morris K. Udall Parkinson's Disease Research Center of Excellence (NINDS P50 #NS072187), CurePSP and the Tau Consortium. The samples from the University of Pennsylvania are supported by NIA grant P01AG017586. Tissues were received from the Victorian Brain Bank, supported by The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Alfred and the Victorian Forensic Institute of Medicine and funded in part by Parkinson’s Victoria and MND Victoria. We are grateful to the Sun Health Research Institute Brain and Body Donation Program of Sun City, Arizona for the provision of human biological materials (or specific description, e.g. brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid). The Brain and Body Donation Program is supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U24 NS072026 National Brain and Tissue Resource for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders), the National Institute on Aging (P30 AG19610 Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Core Center), the Arizona Department of Health Services ( contract 211002, Arizona Alzheimer's Research Center), the Arizona Biomedical Research Commission (contracts 4001, 0011, 05-901 and 1001 to the Arizona Parkinson's Disease Consortium) and the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research. Biomaterial was provided by the Study Group DESCRIBE of theClinical Research of the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE).

For investigators using UCLA Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (sa000017) data:

If data are used for a publication, “on behalf of the AL-108-231 investigators” should be included in the authorship list.

For investigators using The Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI-DAD) (sa000019) data:

In text: "The Longitudinal Aging Study in India, Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia data is sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (grant numbers R01AG051125 and U01AG064948) and is conducted by the University of Southern California."

In references: "The Longitudinal Aging Study in India, Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia Study. Produced and distributed by the University of Southern California with funding from the National Institute on Aging (grant numbers R01AG051125 and U01AG064948), Los Angles, CA."

For investigators using Dissecting the Genomic Etiology of non-Mendelian Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease (EOAD) and Related Phenotypes (sa000023) data:

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant R01AG064614. The ADSP-FUS is supported by U01AG057659.

The National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging (NIH-NIA) supported this work through the following grants: ADGC, U01 AG032984, RC2 AG036528; samples from the National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD), which receives government support under a cooperative agreement grant (U24 AG21886) awarded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), were used in this study. Sequencing data generation and harmonization is supported by the Genome Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, U54AG052427, and data sharing is supported by NIAGADS, U24AG041689. We thank contributors who collected samples used in this study, as well as patients and their families, whose help and participation made this work possible.

NIH grants supported enrollment and data collection for the individual studies including the Alzheimer’s Disease Centers (ADC, P30 AG062429 (PI James Brewer, MD, PhD), P30 AG066468 (PI Oscar Lopez, MD), P30 AG062421 (PI Bradley Hyman, MD, PhD), P30 AG066509 (PI Thomas Grabowski, MD), P30 AG066514 (PI Mary Sano, PhD), P30 AG066530 (PI Helena Chui, MD), P30 AG066507 (PI Marilyn Albert, PhD), P30 AG066444 (PI John Morris, MD), P30 AG066518 (PI Jeffrey Kaye, MD), P30 AG066512 (PI Thomas Wisniewski, MD), P30 AG066462 (PI Scott Small, MD), P30 AG072979 (PI David Wolk, MD), P30 AG072972 (PI Charles DeCarli, MD), P30 AG072976 (PI Andrew Saykin, PsyD), P30 AG072975 (PI David Bennett, MD), P30 AG072978 (PI Neil Kowall, MD), P30 AG072977 (PI Robert Vassar, PhD), P30 AG066519 (PI Frank LaFerla, PhD), P30 AG062677 (PI Ronald Petersen, MD, PhD), P30 AG079280 (PI Eric Reiman, MD), P30 AG062422 (PI Gil Rabinovici, MD), P30 AG066511 (PI Allan Levey, MD, PhD), P30 AG072946 (PI Linda Van Eldik, PhD), P30 AG062715 (PI Sanjay Asthana, MD, FRCP), P30 AG072973 (PI Russell Swerdlow, MD), P30 AG066506 (PI Todd Golde, MD, PhD), P30 AG066508 (PI Stephen Strittmatter, MD, PhD), P30 AG066515 (PI Victor Henderson, MD, MS), P30 AG072947 (PI Suzanne Craft, PhD), P30 AG072931 (PI Henry Paulson, MD, PhD), P30 AG066546 (PI Sudha Seshadri, MD), P20 AG068024 (PI Erik Roberson, MD, PhD), P20 AG068053 (PI Justin Miller, PhD), P20 AG068077 (PI Gary Rosenberg, MD), P20 AG068082 (PI Angela Jefferson, PhD), P30 AG072958 (PI Heather Whitson, MD), P30 AG072959 (PI James Leverenz, MD). The Miami ascertainment and research were supported in part through: RF1AG054080, R01AG027944, R01AG019085, R01AG028786-02, RC2AG036528. The Columbia ascertainment and research were supported in part through: R37AG015473 and U24AG056270. The University of Washington ascertainment and research were supported in part through R01AG044546, RF1AG053303, RF1AG058501, U01AG058922 and R01AG064877.

For investigators using University of Alabama at Birmingham Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (sa000036) data:

Funding for genome sequencing was provided by the HudsonAlpha Memory and Mobility program. Funding for exome sequencing was provided by the Alzheimer’s Association. Funding for array genotyping was provided by NIA grant 5P20AG068024.

For investigators using Genetic Studies of Alzheimer’s Disease in Korea (sa000056) data:

This research was supported by the Original Technology[HW1] [LF2] Research Program for Brain Science of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean government, MSIT (NRF-2014M3C7A1046041 and NRF-2014M3C7A1046042); by KBRI basic research program through Korea Brain Research Institute funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (23-BR-03-05); by Healthcare AI Convergence Research & Development Program through the National IT Industry Promotion Agency of Korea (NIPA) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No.1711120216); by National Institute on Aging grant U01-AG062602.

For investigators using Wellderly – Healthy Elderly Active Longevity (HEAL) (sa000057) data:

Development of the Wellderly resource was supported by the National Center For Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UM1TR004407.

For investigators using Arizona APOE Cohort Study (sa000058) data:

The Arizona APOE Cohort Study is conducted by Banner Alzheimer’s Institute located in Phoenix, AZ, USA in collaboration with Mayo Clinic Arizona in Scottsdale, AZ, USA. The Arizona APOE Cohort Study is supported by funding from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01AG069453). Research reported in this publication was also supported by the NIA under Award Number P30AG072980 to the Arizona Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. We thank the staff and investigators of the studies as well as the participants whose help and participation made this work possible. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the funders or study team.

For investigators using Genetic Architecture of Alzheimer’s disease and Related Proteinopathies (sa000059) data:

This work was made possible by the support from the National Institutes of Health grants:

Pitt: AG064877, AG030653, AG041718, P30-AG066468, U01 AT000162, AG023651, AG052521, AG025516, UF1 AG051197, P01 AG025204, RF1 AG052525, AG052446.

WashU: R01AG044546, P01AG003991, RF1AG053303, R01AG058501, U01AG058922, RF1AG058501 and R01AG057777). The recruitment and clinical characterization of research participants at Washington University were supported by NIH P50 AG05681, P01 AG03991, and P01 AG026276. This work was supported by access to equipment made possible by the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine.

For investigators using ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (sa000060) data:

ASPREE was supported by U01AG029824 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), as well as grants 334047 and 1127060 from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC), and additional funding from Monash University and the Victorian Cancer Agency. ASPREE-XT is supported by U19AG062682 from NIA and NCI.

We thank the ASPREE/ASPREE-XT trial staff in Australia and the United States, the participants who volunteered for this trial, and the general practitioners and staff of the medical clinics who cared for the participants.

For investigators using Health & Aging Brain Study – Health Disparities (HABS-HD) (sa000061) data:

Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers R01AG054073 and R01AG058533, R01AG070862, P41EB015922 and U19AG078109. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of our study partners and their families, whose help and participation made this work possible.

For investigators using Estudio Familiar de la Influencia Genetica en Alzheimer (EFIGA) (sa000062) data:

Data collection for this project was supported by the Genetic Studies of Alzheimer’s disease in Caribbean Hispanics (EFIGA) funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (5R37AG015473, RF1AG015473, R56AG051876, R01AG067501). We acknowledge the EFIGA study participants and the EFIGA research and support staff for their contributions to this study.

For investigators using National Institute of Aging Alzheimer’s Disease Family Based Study (NIA AD-FBS) (sa000063) data:

The NIA-AD FBS study supported the collection of samples used in this study through National Institute on Aging (NIA) grants U24AG056270,U24AG026395, R01AG041797 and U24AG056270. We thank contributors, including the Alzheimer’s disease Centers who collected samples used in this study, as well as patients and their families, whose help and participation made this work possible.

Total number of approved DARs: 188

Investigator:
Adanve, Bertrand
Institution:
Genetic Intelligence, Inc
Project Title:
AI-based platform to identify causal, genetically-defined therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease
Date of Approval:
April 7, 2021
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Genetic Intelligence (GI) will analyze de-identified whole genome sequences (WGS) from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and healthy patients using it’s AI-based platform to discover novel causal genes and variants for AD.GI has previously obtained a NSF Phase I SBIR grant (#1819331) to develop and validate it’s computational platform using Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) WGS (obtained from our partner the New York Genome Center) as a proof-of-principle. GI successfully validated the platform by rediscovering known ALS genes SOD1 and C9orf72, as well as discovering new ALS genes including STMN2, which was independently discovered by two labs this year using experimental approaches. We are currently validating two additional ALS targets experimentally. We plan to focus on applying our platform to uncover novel genes and variants in AD using a similar study design as ALS.Objective 1: Obtain de-identified WGS data (e.g., ADSP and ADNI) from NIAGADS and preprocess them for input into GI’s computational pipeline. Objective 2: Run the AD WGS through our in-house genetic background dissector tool, Cato, that uses several machine learning systems to stratify genomes before analysis to avoid spurious results arising from differences in case and control backgrounds. Objective 3: Rediscover known AD genes. Chromosomes containing known AD genes (e.g., APOE, PSEN1 and PSEN2) will be input into our causal gene discovery platform, Bergspitze, to confirm if it can rediscover the known AD genes. The output from Bergspitze will be input into Franklin, GI’s interpretation module that provides a coherent etiology model for the disease with awareness of alternative etiologies advanced in the literature. Objective 4: Discovery of new AD genes. Run the full genomes from all cluster groups and ancestry cohorts in Bergspitze and Franklin to identify and prioritize new AD genes and variants. There are no plans to collaborate with other institutions.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia affecting over 44 million people worldwide, and for which currently there are no effective prevention or cures. Enormous efforts and funding have been put into the discovery of the root cause of AD so as to find an effective treatment, but even with advancing genetic sequencing and analysis technology, no smoking gun has been found yet. Part of the issue has been scientific focus on analyzing the human exome, the ~1% of the human genome that codes for proteins, due to ease of analysis and lower noise in the data. However, this methodology precludes ~99% of the rest of the human genome, which harbors critical regulatory features that affect many of the processes in the body. Genetic Intelligence (GI) aims to solve this problem using its novel whole genome analysis platform that blends advanced genetic principles with state-of-the-art machine learning to identify causal disease targets. This information can then be used to create new drug candidates that are not only effective and precise, but also affordable.
Investigator:
Beecham, Gary
Institution:
Wake Forest School of Medicine
Project Title:
U01AG079850_Genetics of neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD
Date of Approval:
January 7, 2025
Request status:
Expired
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (NPS) (e.g. aggression, psychosis, anxiety, apathy, depression, agitation, sleep disturbances, repetitive behaviors) occur in 85% of AD patients, and are associated with greatly increased suffering of patients and families. Despite this, our understanding of the etiology of NPS in AD is inadequate, with treatments for NPS often being ineffective and associated with serious adverse effects. This knowledge gap is particularly egregious in underserved racial and ethnic groups. The aim of the current project (U01AG079850) is to collate, harmonize, and analyze the AD-associated NPS data collected on ADSP/ADSP-FUS samples. We plan to (1) expand the racially and ethnically diverse datasets of the ADSP-FUS and related efforts to include harmonized NPS data, creating the largest and most diverse genomic resource on NPS in AD to date allowing researchers to assess a wide range of additional critical hypotheses through these resources; (2) utilize these harmonized data to identify and describe genetic determinants, pathways, and polygenic effects underlying specific NPS in AD; (3) explore the shared genetic architecture across AD-associated NPS and with primary psychiatric disorders; and (4) disentangle the role of ancestry in NPS genetic risk. We anticipate that this work will lead to a better understanding of the genetic basis of NPS in AD which is vital to infer the mechanistic pathways underlying these highly disabling symptoms and develop more effective pharmacological targets. To collate NPS data on all ADSP-FUS cohorts we closely collaborate with the ADSP-Phenotype Harmonization Consortium. Creation of refined harmonized NPS phenotypes will be conducted by Dr. Ted Huey’s group at Brown University. Genomic data analyses will be conducted by Dr. Reitz’ group at Columbia University and Dr. Beecham’s group at the Wake Forest School of Medicine.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Although neuropsychiatric symptoms (e.g. aggression, psychosis, anxiety, apathy, depression, and sleep disturbances) occur in ~85% of Alzheimer disease patients and are associated with accelerated decline, increased cost, out-of-home placement, and greatly increased suffering of patients and families, our understanding of their etiology is still inadequate, with treatments often being ineffective and even associated with serious adverse effects (including increased mortality). This knowledge gap is particularly egregious in underserved racial and ethnic groups such as Hispanics and African-Americans. We propose to expand the racially and ethnically diverse ADSP-FUS and related resources to include harmonized neuropsychiatric symptom data allowing researchers to assess a variety of additional critical hypotheses, and to utilize these harmonized data to identify ancestry-specific genetic determinants, molecular pathways, and polygenic effects underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease.
Investigator:
Beer, Simone
Institution:
Forschungszentrum Juelich
Project Title:
Using explainable AI to formulate candidate gene risk scores for AD
Date of Approval:
January 6, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
In complex diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the disease risk is conveyed by genetic variants each one with a small effect on disease susceptibility, which may add up to a relevant impact in combination. Such complex synergistic effects can be detected by means of machine learning (ML) models such as decision tree ensembles, which are excellent candidates for detecting genetic variant interactions even beyond only pairwise interactions in candidate gene approaches. Explainable artificial intelligence can then explain the models and deliver information about effects and importance of the single variants. In a first application of this technique, we have formulated an aquaporin-4 (AQP4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based risk score for brain amyloid burden using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). We plan now to replicate and extend our method with a larger dataset and include further candidate genes, e.g. circadian, sleep related or blood-brain-barrier related genes. The data from the NIAGADS data repository will expand the previously used database significantly. Of special interest are the data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP). Besides a general increase in data, the racial/ethnic diversity of ADSP is also of high interest. Genetic variants might occur at different frequencies in different populations, so that rare combinations of variants in one population might be more frequent in another population. Access to these data will not only allow to replicate our previous findings, but also to extend our methodology to other candidate genes. Information on SNP status, together with further information like age, gender, APOE4 status, diagnosis and endophenotypes of AD, as available, will be used to train and explain a ML model. Information gathered from the explanations will be used to assign importance as well as protecting or deleterious effects to the SNPs, eventually allowing to formulate a risk score for (endo)phenotypes of AD or diagnosis.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
In diseases like Alzheimer’s, genetic variations each with a small effect may together affect the disease risk. These variations can add up to have a significant impact. We can use machine learning, like decision tree ensembles, and explainable AI to find these combined effects. We've already used this method to create a risk score for brain amyloid burden in Alzheimer's. Now, we want to expand this work using a larger dataset and looking at more genes, e.g. genes related to sleep. We want to use a new dataset that includes more data and diverse genetic information. Different populations may have different genetic variations, so having more diverse data will help us to understand these differences. We'll use this data, along with other information like age and gender, to train a machine learning model. By understanding how the model makes its decisions, we can figure out which variants of a gene are most important and how their combination affect Alzheimer's risk. This will help us to create gene-specific risk scores for Alzheimer's and related conditions.
Investigator:
Belloy, Michael
Institution:
Washington University in St Louis
Project Title:
Elucidating sex-specific risk for Alzheimer's disease through state-of-the-art genetics and multi-omics
Date of Approval:
January 6, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
• Objectives: In this project, we seek to holistically investigate the genetic and molecular drivers of sex dimorphism in Alzheimer’s disease across ancestries. • Study design: This study integrates large-scale population genetics with multi-omics and endophenotype analyses. We are integrating all data available from ADGC and ADSP, together with other data from AMP-AD and biobanks such as UKB, FinnGen, and MVP to conduct large-scale multi-ancestry GWAS, rare-variant gene aggregation analyses, QTL studies, PWAS, TWAS, etc. We also particularly focus on X chromosome association studies. The study design also interrogates interactions with ancestry, hormone exposures, and with APOE*4, as well as comparisons to non-stratified GWAS/XWAS of Alzheimer’s disease. Further, we will also employ genetic correlation analyses, mendelian randomization, colocalization, and pleiotropy analyses, to interrogate overlap with other complex traits to better understand the mechanisms underlying sex dimorphism in Alzheimer’s disease. • Analysis plan, including the phenotypic characteristics that will be evaluated in association with genetic variants: Our phenotypes will include Alzheimer’s disease risk, conversion risk, various endophenotypes (including amyloid/tau biomarkers, brain imaging metrics, etc.) as well as molecular traits. As noted above, we will conduct large-scale multi-ancestry GWAS, XWAS, rare-variant gene aggregation analyses, QTL studies, PWAS, TWAS, etc. Specific aims include interrogating these question and analyses on (1) the autosomes, (2) the X chromosome, and (3) leveraging sex stratified QTL studies to drive discovery of risk genes.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) manifests itself differently across men and women, but the genetic and molecular factors that drive this remain elusive. AD is the most common cause of dementia and till today remains largely untreatable. It is thus crucial to study the genetics of AD in a sex-specific manner, as this will help the field gain important insights into disease pathophysiology, identify novel sex-specific risk factors relevant to personalized genetic medicine, and uncover potential new AD drug targets that may benefit both sexes. This project uses large-scale genomics and multi-omics to elucidate novel sex agnostic and sex-specific AD risk genes. We will interrogate sex dimorphism for AD risk on the autosomes and the sex chromosomes. We similarly interrogate sex dimorphism in the genetic regulation of gene expression and protein levels, which we will integrate with genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease to further discovery risk genes. Throughout, we will also interrogate how sex-specific risk for AD interactions with hormone exposures, ancestry, and the APOE*4 risk allele.
Investigator:
Benjamin, Daniel
Institution:
NBER and UCLA
Project Title:
Multi-Ancestry Meta-Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Date of Approval:
June 11, 2021
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) are powerful techniques for linking genetic variation to complex phenotypes but have limited utility in small samples. Because the overwhelming majority of genotyped cohorts consist of individuals of European ancestry, conducting well-powered GWAS in diverse populations will be a challenge for years to come. This project overcomes this barrier by developing a meta-analysis framework for GWAS conducted in populations of different ancestries. In particular, multi-ancestry meta-analysis (MAMA) implements a generalized method of moments estimator based on differences in local linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure across the relevant populations. In doing so, MAMA allows for genetic signal in one population to be shared across other populations, substantially boosting statistical power in small samples and allowing for novel genetic associations to be detected. The primary goal of our proposed project is to use MAMA to jointly analyze GWAS summary statistics for Alzheimer’s disease corresponding to several different ancestries. Preliminary applications of MAMA to other phenotypes has yielded many additional genomewide significant loci for each ancestry. MAMA summary statistics can be interpreted similar to the original GWAS summary statistics, but with greater statistical power. We hope to incorporate NIAGADS data from the study Kunkle et al. (2020) into our analysis pipeline. We will jointly analyze these data with summary statistics from Kunkle et al. (2018) and from Zhou et al. (2018), studies based on European-ancestry and East-Asianancestry samples, respectively. We anticipate that doing so will yield many novel genetic discoveries about the genetics of Alzheimer’s disease in each of these populations.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Understanding the link between genetic variation and the incidence of diseases like Alzheimer’s remains an urgent task in the genetics community. One outstanding challenge involves incorporating people with non-European ancestries in such studies. This is an important effort for two reasons. First, generalizing findings from homogenous populations is difficult and hinders a broader understanding of the relevant disease. Second, such an inability to generalize findings will likely perpetuate existing health inequalities. It will likely take many years before enough people with non-European ancestries have been genotyped to match the precision currently available in European-ancestry samples. Rather than waiting for such resources to materialize, our project develops a statistical framework that allows existing cross-ancestry data to be meta-analyzed to improve our ability to detect genetic associations in understudied populations. The NIAGADS dataset, combined with our methodology, will allow for a broader understanding of Alzheimer’s to be developed.
Investigator:
Black, Mary Helen
Institution:
JOHNSON/JOHNSON/PHARM/RES/ DEVELOPMENT
Project Title:
Target identification and validation in Alzheimer’s Disease with Whole-Genome and Whole-Exome Sequence Data
Date of Approval:
April 18, 2022
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder with a strong genetic component with heritability estimates ranging from 58–79% for late-onset AD and over 90% for early onset AD. Genetic association studies are important to highlight key biological mechanisms contributing to the etiology of AD and provide key insights into potential pathways that can ultimately be targeted for future therapeutic development. The objective of this study is to perform a retrospective analysis of genetic data collected from large-scale population-based and case-control cohorts including the UK Biobank, the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), and FinnGen and integrate them with publicly available multi-omics datasets including, but not limited to, Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Microglia Genomic Atlas (MiGA), and neuroimaging data to identify novel and existing evidence for genetic determinants of AD. No attempt will be made to try and identify subjects. Aim 1: Identify novel and replicate existing gene associations for AD. We will perform case-control and family-based genetic analyses with AD diagnosis as the outcome of interest. Covariates include age, sex, and principal components. ADSP, UKB, and FinnGen will be analyzed separately and combined with meta-analysis. Biobank cases will be defined using ICD-9/ICD-10 codes, and proxy cases and controls will be carefully defined using questionnaire data on parental history of AD. Both true and proxy cases will be considered to maximize the number of AD cases. Aim 2: Prioritize novel gene associations identified in Aim 1. We will perform genetic fine-mapping and leverage tissue and cell-type specific datasets (e.g. GTEx and MiGA) to prioritize targets for further functional and analytical interrogation. Statistical methods used for target prioritization include colocalization, statistical fine-mapping, and Mendelian randomization. Furthermore, multi-omics-based network approaches will be used to identify disease-related molecular modules and tissue-specific regulatory circuits.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder with a strong genetic component with heritability estimates ranging from 58–79% for late-onset AD and over 90% for early onset AD. To date, there is only one treatment option intended to mediate the disease progression of AD, while all others treat symptoms associated with AD. Genetic association studies are important to highlight key biological mechanisms contributing to the etiology of AD and provide key insights into potential pathways that can ultimately be targeted for future therapeutic development. The objective of this study is to perform a retrospective analysis of genetic data collected from large-scale population-based and case-control cohorts including the UK Biobank, the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), and FinnGen and integrate them with publicly available multi-omics datasets including, but not limited to, Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Microglia Genomic Atlas (MiGA), and neuroimaging data to identify novel and existing evidence for genetic determinants of AD.
Investigator:
Blanck, George
Institution:
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA
Project Title:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and immune receptor recombinations
Date of Approval:
November 2, 2023
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
We would like to access the exome files for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) studies to better ascertain the impact of certain immune receptor (IR) recombinations on the progression of Alzheimer’s patients. First, we will mine the exomes for all IR recombinations present in the AD exome files using our previously published algorithms and software [4-6, 9]. These studies have been successful in identifying IR recombination reads that were strongly associated with distinct survival rates in various cancers. In particular, we have been able to utilize a similar methodology to identify specific T-Cell recombinations associated with cancer features by using the recombinations that are obtained from blood sample exomes. For example, recently published papers from our group have revealed consistent features of T-cell receptor recombinations, obtained from cancer patient blood samples, which were associated with features of cancer progression [4, 8]. Therefore, we hypothesize that we can detect specific IR recombination features from blood-resident T- or B-cells that are relevant to AD clinical features. Thus, we will first identify IR recombinations found within the AD, blood exomes; and then match features of these IRs, such as the chemical aspects of the IR antigen binding sites [1, 4, 5] with clinical characteristics, e.g., age of onset, diagnostic status, and cognitive measures. We thus expect to identify certain IR recombinations associated with distinct prognoses. It should also be noted that there have been previous studies linking HLA-DR alleles to late-onset AD [10]. This is of particular interest, because of our previous work linking T-cell receptor, V or J usage, HLA allele combinations to distinct cancer survival rates [2, 3, 7, 8]. Thus, we will also programmatically obtain the HLA alleles from the exome files and determine whether any T-cell receptor, V or J usage, HLA allele combinations are associated with particular features of AD development.References available by email: gblanck@usf.edu
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The purpose of this project is to learn whether there are any features of the immune system that are unique to Alzheimer's patients. If so, such unique features might help understand disease progression better and might provide targets for therapies.
Investigator:
Blue, Elizabeth
Institution:
University of Washington
Project Title:
Genetic modifiers of Alzheimer's disease
Date of Approval:
July 15, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The objective of the proposed research is to identify new genes involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by identifying alleles contributing to increased risk for or protection against the disease, providing insight as to why individuals with risk factors develop or escape from AD, and ultimately identifying potential avenues for therapeutic approaches and prevention of the disease. Our study design will use phenotypic (ex., AD diagnosis, age-at-onset, APOE genotype) land genomic data (ex., WGS, array, imputed genotypes) from NIAGADS studies to investigate genotype-phenotype associations. Strategies include association testing and haplotype- and family-based approaches, including estimates of relatedness and population genetics analyses as needed to perform the association testing (ex. control for population structure). NIAGADS data will not be used to investigate individual identity. Consent type and other Data Use Limitations (DUL) for each study will be respected in all analyses. Data from an individual with disease-specific consent will not be used in analyses outside of that restriction, including indirect uses such as imputation reference panels or variant summary statistics. When an individual’s DUL prohibits investigation of population genetics, population history or related issues, their data will be excluded from studies that address those issues. We intend to publish or otherwise broadly share any findings from this study with the scientific community. As such, genomic summary results from datasets with a “sensitive” designation will only be shared through publications to support study’s conclusions and through NIH-funded data repositories which maintain restricted access (ex. NIAGADS). Data from NIAGADS may be combined with non-NIAGADS data from the same or other studies (obtained from dbGaP or other sources), to improve the power for novel genetic discoveries, while respecting the consent of all participants. We expect that this activity creates no additional risks to participants. Data will be shared only among Internal Collaborators at the University of Washington. We do not plan to collaborate with External Collaborators at other institutions.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We propose to identify new genes involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by identifying alleles contributing to increased risk for or protection against the disease, providing insight as to why individuals with risk factors develop or escape from AD, and ultimately identifying potential avenues for therapeutic approaches and prevention of the disease. We will combine phenotype and genotype data using association testing and haplotype- and family-based approaches to identify associations and refine those signals with fine-mapping tools and external data.
Investigator:
Boerwinkle, Eric
Institution:
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Project Title:
Therapeutic target discovery in ADSP data via comprehensive whole-genome analysis incorporating ethnic diversity and systems approaches
Date of Approval:
December 18, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Dr. Boerwinkle’s group is involved in all aspects of the ADSP including study design, data gathering and data analysis. Permissions are necessary for both the array genotype, DNA sequence and all available phenotype data. This availability and ensuing data access will be used for data processing and data analysis to identify novel AD risk raising and protective loci.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Dr. Boerwinkle’s group is involved in all aspects of the ADSP including study design, data gathering and data analysis. Permissions are necessary for both the array genotype, DNA sequence and all available phenotype data. This availability and ensuing data access will be used for data processing and data analysis to identify novel AD risk raising and protective loci.
Investigator:
Bozdag, Serdar
Institution:
University of North Texas
Project Title:
Utilizing Machine learning and AI for early detection, and identification of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias
Date of Approval:
September 4, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives of the proposed research: Alzheimer’s disease and its related dementias (ADRD) are a growing public health crisis with no known cure. ADRD diagnosis remains challenging due to its inherent heterogeneity, variability of early symptoms, overlap and possibility of combined etiologies. The overarching objective of this project to develop novel interpretable deep learning methods to integrate multimodal neuroimaging, genomic and clinical datasets collected from demographically diverse cohorts for early detection of ADRD. Study design: Our central hypothesis is that an integrative deep learning model that operate on both MRI data, and NGS data will be an ideal solution for isolating ADRD biomarkers that can lead to early diagnosis. We aim to integrate multi-modal datasets including genomic, clinical, demographic, neuroimaging from diverse populations in studies such as ADNI, ADSP, and HEBLA and develop a multimodal fusion-based approach for optimized and accurate classification of various presentations of ADRD. Further, we will design and develop an interpretability-framework that would help explain the decisions made by deep-learning models leading to knowledge discovery for neuroscientists, and transparent analysis for clinicians. Analysis plan: We plan to utilize genetic variants as features in our deep learning model. To this end, we will perform GWAS to find SNPs that associate with disease diagnosis and endophenotypes such as neuroimaging, biospecimen measures, and cognitive performance. We will utilize genetic data to perform a network propagation study to discovery AD-associated genes.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are a growing health crisis, with current global management costs over $350 billion and cases expected to grow to 14 million globally by 2050. Emerging evidence of advantages of early detection of the disorder, and the current limitation of the clinical practices suggest that more quantitative methods are needed to identify, and early diagnose ADRD. In this project, we aim to develop interpretable deep learning models to integrate genetic, imaging, and clinical datasets for diagnosis and early prediction of ADRD.
Investigator:
Bras, Jose
Institution:
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
Project Title:
Rare Variants in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias
Date of Approval:
August 2, 2022
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives To identify genetic variants that are overrepresented in sporadic dementias when compared with controls. To identify genetic variants that are found uniquely in apparently sporadic dementia cases. To determine if rare variants identified in our cohorts of neurodegenerative disease are present in the ADSP controls. Study Design We have performed exome-sequencing in over 3,000 samples from a variety of neurodegenerative dementias. These data were generated using Illumina sequencing and called using GATK’s Best Practices v3. In these samples, we have identified genetic variants that have either much lower frequency in controls and in publicly available databases of genetic data (gnomAD), or that are absent from these cohorts. The proposed study design is largely a case-control study in ADSP data to replicate our findings as well as a simple lookup for rarer variants in cases and controls, where sample size isn’t enough to perform meaningful associations. We will perform single variant and gene-based associations using standard methods (fisher test/logistic regression and SKAT-O) using gender, age and principal components as covariates. These tests are either implemented in PLINK or can be performed in R. To allow us to dissect the associations between genetic variants and phenotype we will require access to gender, age at onset, age at death (where available), Braak staging and CERAD scores for all cases in ADSP. Funding Funding for the study is currently from Van Andel Research Institute’s internal funds.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The main objective of the study is to identify genetic variants that cause or predispose to neurodegeneration. To accomplish this, we will analyze data previously generated for a variety of these conditions and use data from ADSP to replicate findings and improve our statistical power to detect these associations with disease. The identification of genetic variants, even if rare, that have a strong impact on dementia phenotypes will be of significant importance in advancing our understanding of disease biology. These variants will also be candidate targets for future diagnostic or therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
Investigator:
Brickman, Adam
Institution:
Columbia University
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
August 16, 2023
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology. Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Broce, Iris
Institution:
UCSD
Project Title:
Multi-modal risk scores in cognitive aging and dementia
Date of Approval:
November 22, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Non-invasive and low-cost tools for early detection of individuals at high risk for developing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are of crucial importance. While genetic studies (GWAS) exist, most focus on European populations, limiting their application to diverse groups. Given the Eurocentric biases in GWASs, PRSs are better at predicting AD risk for European ancestry as opposed to others. This research addresses this gap by developing a multimodal hazard score (MHS) that incorporates ethnically and genetically diverse populations. Our team established a successful polygenic hazard score (PHS) that predicts AD onset in European cohorts. Higher PHS predicted greater cognitive decline in CN, entorhinal cortex volume loss and predicted conversion from cognitively normal (CN), to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. The PHS was also associated with neuropathological AD phenotypes and systematically varied AD biomarkers such as amyloid and total tau PET. This suggests its potential as a robust genetic risk indicator to be included in the MHS. Leveraging data from the largest AD cohorts to date, including ADSP, we will conduct Cox proportional models to develop the MHS combining age, PHS, brain atrophy, biofluid-based data, and clinical outcomes to predict neurocognitive decline trajectory. This score will be able to predict AD progression and identify individuals at high risk of transitioning from cognitive normalcy to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and eventually AD in a generalizable population. Additionally, we will also compute power calculations to estimate required clinical trial sample sizes after hypothetical enrichment using the MHS. Finally, we aim to replicate these findings in other diverse cohorts to ensure broader applicability. We believe this MHS surpasses single-modal and European data-driven models in predicting AD for diverse populations. This could pave the way for earlier intervention, more efficient research, and ultimately, improved outcomes for individuals at risk of AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) disproportionately affects diverse populations, highlighting the need for non-invasive and low-cost tools for early detection. This research aims to develop a multimodal hazard score (MHS) in ethnically and genetically diverse populations. The MHS combines various risk factors, including an individual's genetic profile, neuroimaging, and specific blood markers (biomarkers). This comprehensive approach offers the potential to identify individuals at high risk of transitioning from cognitively normal (CN) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), ultimately leading to AD. To develop the MHS, we will leverage data from the largest AD cohorts to date, including ADSP. We will then evaluate MHS on its ability to identify individuals with greater risk for converting from CN to MCI and AD on the generalizable population and compute power calculations to estimate required clinical trial sample sizes. This technique could pave the way for earlier intervention, more cost-efficient research, participant burden and ultimately, improved outcomes for individuals at risk of AD.
Investigator:
Carpanini, Sarah
Institution:
Cardiff University
Project Title:
HLA typing of WES data from Alzheimer's disease cases and healthy controls
Date of Approval:
January 27, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
We have recently undertaken association testing between HLA haplotype and AD risk using higher resolution whole-exome sequencing (WES) data, a warranted approach given how similar HLA alleles are to one another. Previous studies have fine-mapped the HLA region in AD but this is incredibly difficult in regions of high linkage disequilibrium and requires large sample sets. We have utilized a dataset of >2200 AD cases and controls with available WES data and employed an algorithm to bioinformatically HLA type our dataset validated against PCR based HLA typing service for 11 main HLA genes. We now wish to validate our findings in a replication cohort. We will HLA type the ADSP discovery cohort of 5,096 AD cases and 4,965 controls to further explore the HLA association with AD. We will use the algorithm HLA-HD (PMID: 28419628) to HLA type all individuals. Using sex as a confounding factor we will test for an association between HLA type and AD using logistic regression modelling, testing for statistical significance using permutation testing.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and it is known that the immune system plays a major role in the development of disease. An individual's risk for developing AD is partially determined by changes in their genes. Recent studies comparing the genetic information from healthy individuals and those with AD have identified that small changes in genes alter risk of developing disease. The genes encoding the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are some of these disease influencing genes. The HLA genes encode for proteins that tell the difference between your own cells and foreign cells. HLA genes are very difficult to study as they come in many different forms. In the brain HLA genes are mainly found on microglia (the immune cells of the brain). We have already used a dataset of >2000 participants living with AD and elderly well controls and identified novel changes in HLA genes that alter risk of developing AD. We would now like to replicate our findings in another dataset and request access to the ADSP discovery cohort.
Investigator:
Carter, Gregory
Institution:
The Jackson Laboratory
Project Title:
Prioritization of Genetic Variants Contributing to Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Date of Approval:
January 6, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The goal of this collaborative project is to identify and prioritize genetic variations that contribute to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with a particular focus on developing experimental models to understand the biology and of and develop new treatments for AD. We use a variety of approaches to analyze high-throughput genomic and genetic data, including statistical methods for identifying causal variants and genetic interaction networks, as well as epigenetic analyses of cellular regulation. By investigating and quantifying the effects of these mutations individually and interactively, we hope to begin to understand the biology of AD and unravel the complexity of AD genetic risk. Our analysis will use the human genetic data in the Alzheimer’s disease sequencing project (ADSP), from which we will identify high-priority candidate genes and variants for further study in experimental models. Thus the goals of this work are twofold: to understand how brain irregularities progress into full AD, and provide the research community with a valuable mouse model for further studies and therapeutic testing. The described research will pilot novel analytical tools for the study of the biology of AD and provide insights into the genetics of neurodegeneration. We will use independent evidence to identify candidates with putative functional roles. Transcriptome data from Alzheimer’s studies will be used to identify candidate genes and ENCODE and other regulatory data will be used to identify putative regulatory regions. Variants will be ranked based on computationally predicted mutation severity and differential expression in AD. Candidates in regulatory regions will be prioritized based on expression differences in nearby genes. Finally, functional data sources such as Gene Ontology, Allen Brain Atlas, and mouse phenotypes will be used to determine the potential role in neurodegeneration. The result will be a list of candidate variants prioritized for study in models. Since these data will be integrated with a focus on the role of individual genes generated from a population-wide analysis, we do not foresee creating any additional risk to individual participant
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
While many genetic loci have been identified as contributing to the risk of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, the biological underpinnings and interdependence of these mutations are generally poorly understood. By investigating and quantifying the effects of these mutations individually and interactively, we hope to begin to unravel the complexity of genetic risk. Data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project will be essential in this approach, allowing us to identify the best candidate genes and perform computational analysis to design advanced experimental models of AD. These models will be an experimental basis for understanding the biology of Alzheimer’s and performing early-stage testing of candidate therapeutics.
Investigator:
Castel, Stephane
Institution:
Variant Bio, Inc.
Project Title:
Global Characterization of Germline Immune Variation
Date of Approval:
October 1, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Genetic variation in immune-related genes, including HLA, Fc receptors, and T/B cell receptors, significantly influences vaccine response and susceptibility to infectious diseases. For example, HIV vaccine efficacy has been linked to immunoglobulin genotypes and B cell profiles. Similarly, T cell vaccine design depends on accurate knowledge of HLA allele distribution, yet global data remain incomplete, particularly for non-European populations. To address this, Variant Bio, with Gates Foundation support, is conducting a study to map global immune gene diversity. These genes are underrepresented in current datasets due to both limited sequencing in diverse populations and the technical complexity of these highly variable, repetitive regions. We are benchmarking bioinformatic methods for detecting germline variation in immune genes using WGS data, comparing short-read results to targeted and long-read datasets, including fully phased genomes. We aim to analyze WGS data from diverse global cohorts, including the LASI-DAD study and other public and internal Variant Bio datasets. Population-level allele frequencies will be shared via peer-reviewed publication and databases such as The Allele Frequency Net Database, supporting broader immunogenomics research and vaccine development.Specific Aims 1) Benchmark methods for detecting variation in HLA, Fc receptor, and T/B cell receptor genes. 2) Develop a global map of germline immune variation by geography and ancestry. 3) Publicly share allele frequencies and methods to enable downstream application.Study Design This retrospective analysis will use existing WGS datasets. No new sample collection is planned and no phenotypic data is being requested.Bioinformatic Plan WGS data will be processed using the GATK Best Practices pipeline and imputed/phased using Beagle. Targeted immune loci will be analyzed with specialized software. Methods will be validated against long-read and haplotype-resolved genome references. Emphasis will be placed on characterizing accuracy across ancestries, particularly underrepresented groups.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Variation in immune genes, including HLA, T cell receptors, B cell receptors, and Fc receptors plays a key role in how people respond to infections and vaccines. Yet most existing genetic data comes from individuals of European ancestry, limiting our understanding of global immune diversity.This Gates Foundation–funded project aims to characterize immune gene variation in underrepresented populations. Using whole genome sequencing data – including from the LASI-DAD study we will analyze variation in key immune genes to build a broader map of global diversity.Advanced computational methods will identify variants in these complex regions, benchmarked against newer sequencing technologies and complete genomes. Findings, including population-level allele frequencies, will be shared via publications and public databases. This will support more equitable vaccine development, especially for T cell–based vaccines that rely on accurate HLA allele data.
Investigator:
Chang, Timothy
Institution:
University of California, Los Angeles
Project Title:
Rare Genetic Risk and Gene Networks in Tauopathy
Date of Approval:
December 23, 2021
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The objectives of this proposal are to identify rare genetic risk factors that are unique to or shared by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP).We hypothesize we will identify a set of rare genetic risk factors associated with AD and another set of rare genetic risk factors associated with PSP, some of which may be shared between AD and PSP. To determine shared or unique genetic risk, we will compare AD to controls and PSP to controls. Both analyses will use the same controls and have similar number of cases. AD subjects will be included from Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and Accelerating Medicines Partnership – Alzheimer’s disease. From these studies, we will include adult controls. We will use roughly 1900 whole genomes from PSP subjects. Given the availability of AD sequencing, we will replicate the association of rare genetic risk with an independent holdout AD dataset, which will include AD and controls from the ADSP Follow Up Phase. We will also validate our finding in multi-ethnic cohorts from the ADSP.Traditional rare variant analyses have limited power due to the large number of variants and small variant effect size. Although one solution is to group variants into genes, genes do not act in isolation, but rather interact with one another in networks. Grouping variants in a network can improve power. Additionally, since most genetic risk lies in large noncoding regions of the genome, focusing analyses on noncoding regulatory regions should further increase power. We will incorporate network connectivity in rare variant statistical tests and prioritize functional noncoding variants will identify rare genetic risk factors in AD and PSP by overcoming deficiencies in traditional methods. Analyzing rare variants in protein coding, promoter and distal noncoding regions, we will compare the proposed network and non-coding prioritization methods to traditional gene-based, unprioritized non-coding methods.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy are characterized by abnormal tau protein accumulation and do not currently have disease modifying treatments. Analyzing whole genome sequencing with novel genomic and genome informatic methods may identify rare genetic risk factors that lead to these diseases. The shared or unique rare genetic risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy may become future therapeutic targets.
Investigator:
Chang, Timothy
Institution:
University of California, Los Angeles
Project Title:
PSP and CBD Genetics
Date of Approval:
September 3, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
We plan to analyze whole exome and whole genome sequence data generated from subjects with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elderly normal controls. The goal is to detect mutations and variants that cause, contribute to risk, or protect against PSP and/or CBD. We want to compare PSP and CBD genotypes to those from AD and normal controls sequenced by the Alzheimer's Disease Sequence Project. We would like both whole genome and whole exome data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequence Project for AD and normal controls. We would also like whole genome and whole exome data for PSP and CBD generated by the PSP and Tau consortiums. We will use these data to determine which mutations and variants are associated with PSP or CBD versus benign variants. All PSP and CBD subjects being sequenced are deceased. The requested data sets will have variants recalled as a batch and combined to evaluate allele frequencies of called variants. The AD and control variant frequencies will then be compared to allele frequencies from PSP and CBD subjects as described above. We will also compare structural variants (insertion-deletions, copy number variants, and chromosomal rearrangements) identified in PSP and CBD subjects to those found in AD and in cognitively normal controls in order to determine structural variants involved in PSP and CBD pathogenesis. All of the investigators that are listed will be using a joint called VCF generated from the requested data sets. PSP is a neurodegenerative disease closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). PSP, CBD and AD have neurofibrillary tangles as part of the signature neuropathology defining these disorders. PSP and CBD are considered Alzheimer’s Disease Related Disorders (ADRD).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We are attempting to identify all the inherited elements that contribute to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) risk. To do this we will analyze DNA sequence data from subjects with AD, PSP, CBD, and subjects who are cognitively normal. The sequence data from these groups will be compared to identify differences that contribute to the risk of developing PSP and CBD, or that protect against these diseases. These DNA differences can be at a single site in the genetic code, or can span multiple sites, changing the copy number of DNA sequences. Both types of genetic variants will be examined.
Investigator:
Chen, Jingchun
Institution:
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Project Title:
Classification of Alzheimer’s disease with Genetic Data and Artificial Intelligence
Date of Approval:
November 14, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60% to 80% of cases that affect over six million people in the United States. The disease gradually progresses from mild cognitive impairment(MCI) to dementia, which takes more than a decade. Identifying individuals who have a high risk of AD earlier is essential for AD prevention and intervention. As the heritability of AD is high(up to 79%), genetic data should be powerful to identify individuals at high risk. Indeed, polygenic risk score (PRS), designed to estimate individual genetic liability by integrating large GWAS summary statistics and individual genotype data, has been shown to be promising for AD risk prediction(AUCs up to 84%). However, the prediction accuracy using a single PRS is still not sufficient for MCI and AD classification in clinical practice. We hypothesize that convolution neural network(CNN) models can improve the classification of AD and MCI by multiple integrating PRSs from multiple traits, multi-omics data (genotyping data, scRNA-seq), clinical data, and imaging data. The objective is to develop advanced AI algorithms and build data-driven models for disease risk assessment, earlier identifying individuals with high risk for MCI and AD. Our long-term goal is to develop and validate a prediction model that can be translated into clinical practice. Our CNN model has recently shown an improved performance for AD with PRSs from multiple traits(AUC 92.4%). We want to extend our approach to predicting AD and MCI in different ethnic groups and validate the results with independent datasets. To this end, we would like to apply for multi-omics data in NG00067.v9 from https://dss.niagads.org/datasets/ng00067/. With an extensive experience in genetic studies on complex disorders and disease modeling, we are confident that we will achieve the specified goals and promote the integration of genetic data with AI algorithms, facilitating data-driven, personalized care of AD. We expect to finish this study within 2 years with publication and grant application. We have IRB approval and will follow the rules for data sharing and acknowledgment.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, that usually develops from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. There is currently no treatment to slow the progression of this disorder. But earlier identification of the individuals with higher risk maybe critical to prevent the disease. We propose a new approach to create models for classification of AD and MCI with artificial intelligence and genetic data. This study will have a significant value in personalized medicine for AD risk assessment, classification, and earlier intervention.We don’t have the planned collaboration with researchers outside Cleveland Clinic in the current analytic plans.
Investigator:
Cheng, Feixiong
Institution:
Cleveland Clinic
Project Title:
A Multimodal Infrastructure for Alzheimer’s MultiOme Data Repurposing: Artificial Intelligence, Network Medicine, and Therapeutics Discovery
Date of Approval:
September 4, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
We propose to develop capable and intelligent computer-based toolboxes that enable searching, sharing, visualizing, querying, and analyzing genetics, genomics, multi-omics, and clinical data for AD. The central unifying hypothesis of this project (1U01AG073323-01 [pending for Council meeting at May/2021) is that a genome-wide, multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) framework to identify novel risk genes and networks from human WGS/WES and multi-omics findings will offer drug targets for targeted therapeutic development in AD. Aim 1 will identify rare coding variant-based risk genes using a sequence and structure-based deep learning model. Aim 2 will identify rare non-coding variant-based risk genes using a multiple kernel learning approach. Aim 3 will test whether GWAS common variants linked to AD pathobiology and endophenotypes are enriched in gene regulatory networks in a cell-type specific manner using a Bayesian framework. These analyses will leverage variants from ethnically diverse WGS/WES and clinical data (i.e., imaging, biomarkers, and cognitive measures) from Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), and publicly available chromatin interactomic data from NIH RoadMap, FANTOM5, and NIH 4D Nucleome. We will validate our findings using WGS/WES data and protein expression data from our existing cohorts: The Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease Biobank (CBH-Biobank) and the Cleveland Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (CADRC). We will compile information for clinical data harmonization, including functional imaging, AD biomarkers, and cognitive measures for all integrative analyses. There are no any PHI information will collected or used in the data analysis. We don’t have the planned collaboration with researchers outside Cleveland Clinic in the current analytic plans.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
It is estimated that more than 16 million people with AD live in the United States by 2050 and the predisposition to AD involves a complex, polygenic, and pleiotropic genetic architecture. This project will develop intelligent computer-based network medicine and systems biology tools, capable of identifying and validating human genome sequencing findings for novel risk gene discoveries and targeted therapeutic development in AD. The innovative network-based, artificial intelligence toolboxes and novel risk genes and biologically relevant targeted therapeutic approaches developed in this proposal will prove to be novel and effective ways to improve outcomes in long-term brain care for the rapidly growing AD population, an essential goal of AD precision medicine.
Investigator:
Cochran, Nick
Institution:
HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology
Project Title:
Effects of genetic variation in regulatory regions near ADRD-associated genes and replication of genetic findings in early-onset dementias
Date of Approval:
January 7, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
We seek access to ADSP data for two purposes. First, my lab is focused on understanding regulatory mechanisms of rare non-coding variation in neurodegeneration-associated loci. As a part of these efforts, we have generated data internally including 10X multiomics (matched single nucleus RNA-seq and ATAC-seq) and genome-wide restriction fragment resolution HiC data, which, along with publicly available data, we have used to nominate regulatory elements for neurodegeneration-associated genes. One question is if genetic variation in cases is enriched in these regulatory regions compared to controls, which we will use ADSP data to assess.As a second independent effort, we are a part of collaborations with the Yokoyama lab at UCSF and the Kosik lab at UCSB as well as The Multi-Partner Consortium to Expand Dementia Research in Latin America (ReDLat) to analyze genomes for early onset Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal dementia cohorts compared to unaffected controls. A critical part of these efforts is replication of any findings in independent cohorts. Access to Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) data is ideal for this purpose. We will analyze ADSP data for association signals identified in our independent cohorts using either single variant or burden analysis approaches. Phenotypic characteristics that will be evaluated in association with genetic variants will be either case/control status or age of symptom onset as available. Although we conduct these projects as collaborations, this application is for analysis of ADSP data at HudsonAlpha.We seek access to all consent groups. Our research does not include the study of population origins or ancestry, and thus qualifies for HMB-designated studies. Our research is also applicable to each of the disease-specific (DS) categories: for example, we are interested in effects in Alzheimer's and related dementias as well as other phenotypes related to aging, brain and memory. We also note that this analysis involves methods development research (MDS) (new approaches to understand effects of non-coding variation). Finally, this is a genetics study only (GSO).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Our lab aims to understand function of the genome to gain confidence in the precise way in which genetic changes lead to risk for disease. We are working to identify stretches of DNA near genes associated with Alzheimer’s and related dementias and/or aging, brain and memory that may be involved in turning these genes on and off. A key test is if genetic changes in these regions are enriched in people with disease, which we will use these ADSP data to assess.In a second project, we work with members of The Multi-Partner Consortium to Expand Dementia Research in Latin America (ReDLat) to to analyze the DNA from patients with early onset Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal dementia. A critical part of this type of work is checking to see if findings from one set of patients are reproducible in different sets of patients. Access to ADSP data would allow for us to answer this question. The types of data that will be evaluated in association with genetics will be either if the individuals assessed have disease or not, or if their genetics affects when they develop disease.
Investigator:
Coppola, Gianfilippo
Institution:
Yale University
Project Title:
AD subtypes
Date of Approval:
March 23, 2023
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical manifestations and rate of progression. AD subtypes identification will improve our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms, enable us to predict disease trajectory and develop new disease-modifying treatments. Objective. To identify distinct AD subtypes from WGS data of AD individuals Analysis plan. We will use 3000 WGS data derived from the ADSP Discovery Case-Control Based Extension Study. We will use the available SNVs and INDELS and infer structural variants (SVs) with our in-house multi-caller pipelines. Rare variants will be retained for further analysis. We will then split the dataset in training and tests set, and use the identified set of genetic variants (i.e. SNVs, INDELS and SVs) as input to a deep neural network (an autoencoder architecture) to learn an unsupervised latent representation of the data. AD subtypes will be identified within this reduced space and characterized using, demographics and clinical data. We will then contrast each subtype with the control groups to identify subtype relevant variants (i.e. putative subtype biomarkers), which will be used as input features to a gradient boosted tree model, to generate a subtype predictive model and subtype specific features. Planned collaboration. Each member of the team will devote effort in specific areas of investigation, nevertheless, all the team members will discuss, through regular meeting, individual progress and potential challenges. In particular, Dr Coppola (Research Scientist, Department of Pathology, Yale University, USA), together with Dr Dean Palejev (Associate Professor, GATE Institute, Sofia University, Bulgaria) will be involved in the deep learning model generation and validation, and subtype identification; Dr Fredrik Johansson (Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology. Sweden), will work on the supervised machine learning model; Dr Alexander Schliep, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Gothenburg, Sweden), will work on the SVs inference.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical manifestations and rate of progression. The heterogeneity of AD has complicated both clinical trial design and outcomes, and thus the need for better models of AD, and/or better strategies for selection of participants into specific clinical trials is evident. The identification of more homogeneous disease subgroups (i.e. AD subtypes) will improve our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms, enable us to predict disease trajectory and develop new disease-modifying treatments. We will use a comprehensive set of genetic variants in combination with deep learning algorithms to identify AD subtypes. Subtypes will be characterized using clinical and demographic data. Finally, variants specific to each cluster will be identified and used to train a predictive machine-learning model to classify new individuals.
Investigator:
Coppola, Giovanni
Institution:
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
Project Title:
Genetic investigation in neurodegenerative conditions
Date of Approval:
February 3, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective: To leverage large-scale electronic health care record data and biomarkers of neurodegeneration to improve gene discovery in Alzheimer’s disease. Study design: The goal of our work is to integrate common and rare genetic variation across multiple cohorts with the genetic data collected in the ADSP to improve gene discovery in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative conditions. We plan to perform both genome-wide and exome-wide association analyses (GWAS/ExWAS) with phenotypes including any dementia, AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), age of onset for cognitive decline, and quantitative readouts of neurodegeneration including cognitive tests and brain MRI measures where available. We will integrate our findings with expression quantitative trait loci and single cell gene expression to understand pathways and mechanisms modulating risk for these phenotypes.Analysis plan: First, we will integrate data from ADSP with electronic health and genetic data at the Regeneron Genetics Center (RGC) to harmonize both genetic variation and phenotype data. Next, we will use standard approaches to perform GWAS/ExWAS, perform meta-analysis across cohorts, and post-GWAS analyses to annotate our findings across traits. All data will remain anonymized and securely stored, we will not share any of the individual level data outside of Regeneron or beyond the researchers on our application. We have a secure computational environment to store these data and IT staff dedicated to ensuring we comply with the necessary requirements delineated by the NIAGADS.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Therapeutic development in Alzheimer’s disease has greatly benefitted from understanding the genetics of this disorder. However, the role of rare genetic variation and the impact of genetics on biomarkers in Alzheimer’s remain mostly unknown. Our goal is to develop new therapies, and the data from the ADSP will help us prioritize potential molecules and pathways to pursue in Alzheimer’s disease and related conditions.
Investigator:
Corces, Michael Ryan
Institution:
Gladstone Institutes and UCSF
Project Title:
WGS Rare Variants
Date of Approval:
March 11, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective: To nominate putatively functional rare noncoding variants in ADStudy Design: We have developed a novel pipeline for noncoding variant prioritization that combines principles from statistical genetics, gene regulation, and machine learning. We have previously used this type of pipeline to prioritize noncoding variants within known genetic risk loci for AD (PMID: 33106633). In brief, this pipeline: 1. Identifies all known LD-expanded variants that have been significantly associated with AD 2. Filters these variants for those overlapping gene regulatory elements in specific cell types of the brain 3. Uses machine learning to predict which variants will have strong effects on transcription factor binding 4. Uses functional genomics technologies including massively parallel reporter assays and CRISPR-based genome editing to pinpoint which of the nominated variants have validated functional effectsSo far, this pipeline has only been applied to common variants identified by GWAS but we aim to apply this same methodology to nominate functional noncoding rare variants. With this in mind, we will:1. Download all ADSP WGS datasets to identify all variants discovered in AD cases and controls 2. Annotate each variant with its frequency both within the ADSP cohorts and within the general population using resources such as gnomAD and TOPMED. 3. Input rare variants implicated in AD (i.e. either only observed in AD or observed more frequently in AD than in the general population) in the above described pipeline to functionally validate a subset of rare variants as putative noncoding drivers of disease. 4. Link any putative functional variants to their cell type-specific target genesThe result of this work would be a list of variants with putative functional roles in AD and their putative target genes. In this study, we do not plan to associate any phenotypic characteristics other than AD vs Non-AD. No collaboration is anticipated.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is driven by both genetic and non-genetic factors. Previous studies have estimated that ~60% of the susceptibility to AD can be attributed to genetic factors. This heritability can be roughly evenly divided between (i) common genetic variation and (ii) rare or structural variation. Of the rare genetic variation driving AD, we understand vanishingly little. This is because >90% of rare genetic variants lie within the noncoding regions of the genome. These noncoding regions harbor gene regulatory elements but do not code for proteins. As we lack a fundamental understanding of how genetic variation impacts the noncoding genome, it has remained challenging to predict which of these noncoding rare variants might have functional effects in AD. We have developed a pipeline to prioritize these rare noncoding variants using a combination of epigenetics and machine learning approaches. We will use this pipeline to nominate putatively functional rare noncoding variants and then use functional genomics assays to validate these predicted effects.
Investigator:
Crane, Paul
Institution:
University of Washington
Project Title:
AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease): Ultrascale Machine Learning to Empower Discovery in Alzheimer’s Disease Biobanks
Date of Approval:
October 8, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify AD genotypes and endophenotypes that dissect AD’s heterogeneity; 2) relate said genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data. The goals of this multisite initiative (Paul Thompson, USC; Christos Davatzikos, Li Shen, Penn; Andy Saykin, IU; Heng Huang, Pitt, Paul Crane, UW; Adam Brickman, Columbia; Tim Hohman, Vanderbilt; Guyngah Jun, BU; Duygu Tosun, UCSF; Alexander Zaranek, Curii) leverage the promise of machine learning (ML) to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments. We will develop ML and deep learning methods to apply to large scale biobanks of whole genome sequences (WGS), neuroimaging, cognitive, and clinical data, aiming to discover new genomic features that influence biological processes of AD. We will apply methods of genome representation and tiling to WGS repositories to create inputs for AI methods. We will develop novel, interpretable, biological knowledge guided deep learning methods to discover genomic motifs associated with AD, AD risk, and biological processes of AD as defined by NIA-AA criteria. To quantify subtypes and disentangle biological processes of AD, we will apply computational methods to multimodal MRI and amyloid- and tau-sensitive PET to stratify and subtype patient groups; novel imaging genomics methods will detect genomic markers and pathways that modulate the developing pathology as detected in the images, and that predict future clinical decline or resilience. We hypothesize that advanced deep learning methods combined with whole genome data will outperform traditional methods and GWAS for predicting AD onset and progression, and will assist with disease subtyping and discovering treatable targets in the genome. A team will rank and repurpose existing and identify novel drugs and targets in the genome based on the discovered genetic motifs affecting AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to extensive and rich genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify genotypes and endophenotypes of AD that dissect the heterogeneity of the disease; 2) relate these genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression, in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD, by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data at a previously impossible scale. Collectively, the goals of this highly collaborative multi-site initiative leverage the promise of machine learning to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments.
Investigator:
Crane, Paul
Institution:
University of Washington
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
July 23, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology. Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Cruchaga, Carlos
Institution:
Washington University School of Medicine
Project Title:
The Familial Alzheimer Sequencing (FASe) Project
Date of Approval:
January 21, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The goal of this study is to identify new genes and mutations that cause or increase risk for Alzheimer disease (AD), as well as protective factors. Individuals and families were selected from the Knight-ADRC (Washington University) and the NIA-LOAD study. Only families with at least three first-degree affected individuals were included. Families with pathogenic variants in the known AD or FTD genes, or in which APOE4 segregated with disease were excluded. At least two cases and one control were selected per family. Cases had an age at onset (AAO) after 65 yo and controls had a larger age at last assessment than the latest AAO within the family. Whole exome (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was generated for 1,235 individuals (285 families) that together with data from our collaborators and the ADSP family-based cohort (3,449 individuals and 757 families) will provide enough statistical power to identify new genes for AD. Dr. Tanzi (Harvard Medical School) will provide WGS from 400 families from the NIMH Alzheimer disease genetics initiative study. We will perform single variant and gene-based analyses to identify genes and variants that increase risk for disease in AD families. Single variant analysis will consist of a combination of association and segregation analyses. We will run family-based gene-based methods to identify genes that show and overall enrichment of variants in AD cases. We will also look for protective and modifier variants. To do this we will identify families loaded with AD cases, that also include individuals with a high burden of known risk variants but that do not develop the disease (escapees). We will use the sequence data and the family structure to identify variants that segregate with the escapee phenotype. The most promising variants and genes will be replicated in independent datasets (ADSP case-control, ADNI, Knight-ADRC, NIA-LOAD ). We will perform single variant and gene-based analyses to replicate the initial findings, and survival analysis to replicate the protective variants. We will select the most promising variants/genes for functional studies
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Family-based approaches led to the identification of disease-causing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) variants in the genes encoding APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2. The identification of these genes led to the A?-cascade hypothesis and to the development of drugs that target this pathway. Recently, we have identified rare coding variants in TREM2, ABCA7, PLD3 and SORL1 with large effect sizes for risk for AD, confirming that rare coding variants play a role in the etiology of AD. In this proposal, we will identify rare risk and protective alleles using sequence data from families densely affected by AD. We hypothesize that these families are enriched for genetic risk factors. We already have sequence data from 695 families (2,462 individuals), that combined with the ADSP and the NIMH dataset will lead to a dataset of more than 1,042 families (4,684 individuals). Our preliminary results support the flexibility of this approach and strongly suggest that protective and risk variants with large effect size will be found, which will lead to a better understanding of the biology of the disease.
Investigator:
Cruchaga, Carlos
Institution:
Washington University School of Medicine
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
October 24, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology. Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Cuccaro, Michael
Institution:
University of Miami Miller School of Med
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
May 30, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology.Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Curtis, David
Institution:
University College London
Project Title:
Developing improved methods to analyse next generation sequence data
Date of Approval:
September 2, 2021
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The objectives are to identify and characterise genes and genetic variants which increase or decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.Exome sequenced and whole genome sequenced cases and controls will be analysed. The predicted function of DNA variants will be obtained using software such as VEP, PolyPhen, SIFT. Weighted burden analysis will be performed wherein variants are given higher weights if they are predicted to have a major effect on protein function and/or if they are rare. For each gene, in each subject the weights for the DNA variants possessed by that subject will be summed to produce a score. The scores between cases and controls will be compared using logistic regression and incorporating relevant covariates such as sex, age, principal components. If scores are on average higher in cases this indicates that damage to the gene increases risk of Alzheimer's disease. If scores are higher in controls this indicates that damage to the gene reduces risk. Sets of genes will also be analysed in a similar way. The method has been applied to a smaller ADSP dataset: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/596007v1
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We will analyse whether variants in DNA can interfere with the functioning of particular genes and either increase or decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. We will examine all the variants in a gene observed in large samples of people with and without Alzheimer's disease to see if variants are more commonly seen in one or other group. We will weight the variants to that more attention is paid to those which are rare and those which are predicted to have a major effect on the functioning of the gene. If we see more variants in the people with Alzheimer's disease then this suggests that damaging that gene could increase risk of illness. If the people without disease have more variants in a gene then that could suggest that damaging that gene would actually protect against Alzheimer's disease. Understanding these effects will ultimately assist in the development of methods to treat or prevent the disease.
Investigator:
Curtis, David
Institution:
University College London
Project Title:
Developing improved methods to analyse next generation sequence data
Date of Approval:
April 11, 2024
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The objectives are to identify and characterise genes and genetic variants which increase or decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Exome sequenced and whole genome sequenced cases and controls will be analysed. The predicted function of DNA variants will be obtained using software such as VEP, PolyPhen, SIFT. Weighted burden analysis will be performed wherein variants are given higher weights if they are predicted to have a major effect on protein function and/or if they are rare. For each gene, in each subject the weights for the DNA variants possessed by that subject will be summed to produce a score. The scores between cases and controls will be compared using logistic regression and incorporating relevant covariates such as sex, age, principal components. If scores are on average higher in cases this indicates that damage to the gene increases risk of Alzheimer's disease. If scores are higher in controls this indicates that damage to the gene reduces risk. Sets of genes will also be analysed in a similar way. The method has been applied to a smaller ADSP dataset:Curtis D, Bakaya K, Sharma L, Bandyopadhyay S. Weighted burden analysis of exome-sequenced late onset Alzheimer's cases and controls provides further evidence for a role for PSEN1 and suggests involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β and WNT signalling pathways. Ann Hum Genet 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/ahg.12375
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We will analyse whether variants in DNA can interfere with the functioning of particular genes and either increase or decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. We will examine all the variants in a gene observed in large samples of people with and without Alzheimer's disease to see if variants are more commonly seen in one or other group. We will weight the variants to that more attention is paid to those which are rare and those which are predicted to have a major effect on the functioning of the gene. If we see more variants in the people with Alzheimer's disease then this suggests that damaging that gene could increase risk of illness. If the people without disease have more variants in a gene then that could suggest that damaging that gene would actually protect against Alzheimer's disease. Understanding these effects will ultimately assist in the development of methods to treat or prevent the disease.
Investigator:
Dai, Yulin
Institution:
University of Texas health science center at Houston
Project Title:
Assessing polygenic risks for Alzheimer's diseases in National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS) cohort.
Date of Approval:
January 30, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives of the proposed research: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects millions globally. Despite significant strides in developing treatments aimed at specific neuropathological markers, a substantial subset of individuals retains normal cognitive function even in the presence of AD-related neuropathology. This phenomenon suggests the existence of "cognitive resilience" factors that help preserve cognitive function independently of the disease's typical pathological processes. The primary objective of our proposed research is to conduct a comprehensive secondary analysis of the extensive genotype and phenotype data curated within the National Institute on Aging Genetics of NIAGADS. We aim to identify genetic and molecular signatures of individuals with high resilience to AD. Study design: To achieve our objectives, we will develop a novel computational framework that integrates polygenic risk scores (PRS), incorporating additional clinical variables into clinical risk scores. This will allow for a more precise measurement of AD risk at the individual level within the ADSP and provide a comprehensive assessment of AD risk and resilience factors. Analysis plan: Following our previous GRPa-PRS framework [1], we will identify participants within the top quantile of AD risk who, despite their elevated risk, do not develop AD. These individuals will be classified as highly resilient. Given that the effects of resilience are generally subtle, we will aggregate genetically regulated effects at the pathway level, enabling us to characterize resilience at the individual level. Following this, we will conduct a comparative analysis of the identified resilient vs AD individuals to further understand the underlying genetic and molecular basis of their resilience. To further validate our findings, we will link these results with additional molecular evidence from the ROS/MAP cohort. 1. GRPa-PRS: A risk straticifcation method to identify genetically regulated pathways in polygenic diseases. medRxiv. 2. Polygenic resilience scores capture protective genetic effects for Alzheimer’s disease. Translational psychiatry, 12(1), 296.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that poses substantial societal and economic challenges, affecting over 55 million people worldwide. Significant research efforts and therapeutic developments have focused on addressing AD's neuropathological features, such as beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Despite these efforts, clinical-pathological studies have revealed that a notable proportion of individuals maintain normal cognitive function even in the presence of these neuropathological markers. Through our GRPa-PRS framework, we aim to stratify individuals with high resilience and identify factors associated with cognitive resilience—the ability to preserve cognitive function despite a high genetic risk for developing AD. The success of this project will help to uncover these resilience factors could pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies that enhance resistance to AD.
Investigator:
Dallett, Carolina
Institution:
Roche
Project Title:
RDS003-Diversity
Date of Approval:
April 5, 2023
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The goal of this project is to identify and prioritize genetic variations that contribute to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The planned multi-modal meta-analysis study will integrate genetic information from multiple AD datasets (ADSP, EADB GWAS, ADGC, FinGen, UK Biobank, CHARGE consortia) with other publicly available multi-omics data including gene expression (GTEx), epigenetics (GEO) and neuro-imaging. The objective, here, is to extend and refine polygenic risk scores (PRS) to work across ethnicities and prioritize genes and pathways that are causal in nature to development of late-onset AD in different ancestry cohorts. Retrospective, case-control analysis setup against the backdrop of other neurodegenerative diseases will also help identify lead variants that are specific to AD enabling the elucidation of mechanistic pathways that lead to the disease etiology. A well-known limitation of PRS scores derived from single ethnicity datasets is that its predictive power declines in cross-ethnicity cohorts. To address this, we want to investigate the possibility of creating orthogonal effect scores (OES) from multimodal analysis for gene prioritization and causality determination. The OES will be used to further refine PRS in different ethnicities and possibly identify common emerging pathways. Linkage disequilibrium (LD), quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, tissue colocalization, pathway networks and siRNA screening data along with functional implications of mutations, evolutionarily conservation of genomic regions and overlap with non-coding regulatory sites (eg. DNAse I hypersensitivity sites) will be used in the generation of OES. This orthogonal scoring system will be tested for its ability to refine PRS for achieving higher AD risk prediction in known AD cases. The contrived OES will enable creation of in-silico admixed populations and association of AD risk in these populations. The ability to predict AD risk correctly in admixed populations will be immensely useful in associating PRS signatures to AD risk in real patients.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The genetic landscape of late onset AD is complex and its pathophysiology has been elusive in spite of advances in high-throughput genomic techniques. The main limitations in characterizing the disease are, presence of multiple pathways resulting in the disease pathophysiology, lack of large data cohorts that encompass multiple ethnicities leading to low predictive power for AD risk across studies, and difficulty in identifying the causal genomic changes from the many AD-associated loci.This study aims at addressing the latter two limitations by integrating AD data containing mutations, expression, modifications and changes in AD-associated gene loci to guide their prioritization in prediction of AD risk. This prioritization method has the potential to lead us to causative genomic changes that can be traced to key AD related biological pathways and provide the elusive pathophysiological signature for AD across ethnicities.
Investigator:
Davatzikos, Christos
Institution:
University of Pennsylvania
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
May 8, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology. Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
DeStefano, Anita
Institution:
Boston University
Project Title:
Therapeutic target discovery in ADSP data via comprehensive whole-genome analysis incorporating ethnic diversity and systems approaches
Date of Approval:
February 3, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective: Utilize ADSP data sets to identify genes & specific genetic variants that confer risk for or protection from Alzheimer disease. Aim 1: Using combined WGS/WES across the ADSP Discovery, Disc-Ext, and FUS Phases, including single nucleotide variants, small insertion/deletions, and structural variants. We will: Aim 1a. Perform whole genome single variant and rare variant case/control association analyses of AD using ADSP and other available data; Aim 1b. Target protective variant identification via association analysis using selected controls within the ADSP data and performing meta analysis across association results based on selected controls from non-ADSP data sets. Aim 1c. Perform endophenotype analyses including cognitive function measures, hippocampal volume and circulation beta-amyloid ADSP data in subjects for which these measures are available. Meta analysis will be conducted across ADSP and non-ADSP analysis results. Aim 2: To leverage ethnically-diverse and admixed populations to identify AD variants we will: Aim 2a. Estimate and account for global and local ancestry in all analyses; Aim 2b. Perform admixture mapping in samples of admixed ancestry; and Aim 2c. Perform ethnicity-specific and trans-ethnic meta-analyses. Aim 3: To identify putative therapeutic targets through functional characterization of genes and networks via bioinformatics, integrative ‘omics analyses. We will: Aim 3a. Annotate variants with their functional consequences using bioinformatic tools and publicly available “omics” data. Aim 3b. Prioritize results, group variants with shared function, and identify key genes functionally related to AD via weighted association analyses and network approaches. Analyses will be performed in coordination with the following PIs. Coordination will involve sharing expertise, analysis plans or analysis results. No individual level data will be shared across institutions. Philip De Jager, Columbia University; Eric Boerwinkle & Myriam Fornage, U of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Sudha Seshadri, U of Texas, San Antonio; Ellen Wijsman, U of Washington. William Salerno, Baylor College of Medicine.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
This proposal seeks to analyze existing genetic sequencing data generated as part of the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) including the ADSP Follow-up Study (FUS) with the goal of identifying genes and specific changes within those genes that either confer risk for Alzheimer’s Disease or provide protection from Alzheimer’s Disease. Analytic challenges include analysis of whole genome sequencing data, appropriately accounting for population structure across European ancestry, Hispanic, and African American participants, and interpreting results in the context of other genomic data available.
Investigator:
DeStefano, Anita
Institution:
Boston University
Project Title:
Assessing Alzheimer’s disease risk and heterogeneity using multimodal machine learning approaches
Date of Approval:
August 29, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The objective of this study is to develop machine learning models using genetic and phenotype data from the NIAGADS database https://dss.niagads.org/. We will develop both unsupervised and supervised learning models to characterize the heterogeneity and risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This is an MPI study in collaboration with Dr. Honghuang Lin at University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School.For the first aim, we will build an expandable multimodal unsupervised machine learning framework to investigate AD heterogeneity. We will perform AD subtyping by harnessing the rich multimodality information across a wide spectrum of data (e.g., genetics, images and blood biomarkers). A Bayesian kernel network will be built to estimate the relative weight of each individual data modality, which would also allow the addition of new data modalities as they become available. The analyses will be performed both within and between ethnic populations.For the second aim, we will build an expandable multimodal supervised machine learning framework to quantify AD risk from longitudinal follow-up of clinically normal elders. We will build a separate deep learning network for each data modality in consideration of its unique feature sets. A multiplicative strategy will then be taken to aggregate information from different modalities with weighted contributions. Feature selection will also be performed to identify the most informative features predictive of AD risk.For the third aim, we will build AD-related gene regulatory networks in post-mortem human brain samples. We will examine the association of multi-omics data with AD, which will be used to assign gene priority based on the combinatorial evidence from each type of omics data. A gene ontology-guided greedy search strategy will then be implemented to build gene regulatory networks, and identify key drivers that might be potential therapeutic targets for AD. The analyses will be stratified by ethnic populations and AD phenotypic clusters.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function. There are very limited treatment options for AD. For the current application, we seek to develop multimodal machine learning models by leveraging the rich collection of AD-related omics data and phenotypical data recently generated from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP). Three aims will be pursued in the current application. For Aim 1, we will build an expandable multimodal unsupervised machine learning framework to investigate AD heterogeneity. For Aim 2, we will build an expandable multimodal supervised machine learning framework to quantify AD risk from longitudinal follow up of cognitively normal elders. For Aim 3, we will build AD-related gene interaction networks in post-mortem human brain samples. The present application represents an innovative approach to identify individuals at high risk of AD. The outlined strategy will provide new insights into the risk stratification and prevention strategies for AD.
Investigator:
Ebbert, Mark
Institution:
University of Kentucky
Project Title:
Resolving mutations in challenging genomic regions to test association with disease phenotypes
Date of Approval:
January 22, 2020
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
A majority of the human genome has been well characterized through the initial Human Genome Project and numerous large-scale sequencing studies such as the 1000 Genomes Project, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project, and others. There are, however, many genome regions that are challenging to characterize using standard approaches that are important to human health and disease. We intend to (1) develop and test new methods to characterize mutations in these regions, and (2) test associations between these mutations and disease phenotypes. Data from the ADSP may be combined with other datasets, such as the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. All appropriate precautions will be taken to verify proper population stratification and eliminate any sample redundancy. Combining these data will not increase risk to participants, as all individual-level data will remain confidential. We may also use portions of the ADSP data as controls for other diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), though only in situations that do not violate genetic or data-use principles. Specifically, data that where participants consented for use only within Alzheimer's disease studies will not be used for any purpose outside Alzheimer's disease research.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Many regions of the human genome present challenges that prohibit scientists from discovering potential disease-causing mutations. We are developing methods to characterize mutations in these regions to identify new genes involved in disease.
Investigator:
Ebbert, Mark
Institution:
University of Kentucky
Project Title:
Resolving mutations in challenging genomic regions to test association with Alzheimer's disease phenotypes
Date of Approval:
January 21, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
A majority of the human genome has been well characterized through the initial Human Genome Project and numerous large-scale sequencing studies such as the 1000 Genomes Project, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project, and others. There are, however, many genome regions that are challenging to characterize using standard approaches that are important to human health and disease. We intend to (1) develop and test new methods to characterize mutations in these regions, and (2) test associations between these mutations and disease phenotypes. Data from the ADSP may be combined with other datasets, such as the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. All appropriate precautions will be taken to verify proper population stratification and eliminate any sample redundancy. Combining these data will not increase risk to participants, as all individual-level data will remain confidential. We may also use portions of the ADSP data as controls for other diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), though only in situations that do not violate genetic or data-use principles. Specifically, data that where participants consented for use only within Alzheimer's disease studies will not be used for any purpose outside Alzheimer's disease research.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Many regions of the human genome present challenges that prohibit scientists from discovering potential disease-causing mutations. We are developing methods to characterize mutations in these regions to identify new genes involved in disease.
Investigator:
Engelman, Corinne
Institution:
University of Wisconsin - Madison
Project Title:
AD Risk Prediction
Date of Approval:
March 10, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Currently, no combined measure of rare (minor allele frequency [MAF] less than 0.5%), low frequency (MAF 0.5% to 5%), and common variant (MAF 5% or higher) risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exists. Common variant polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been a central approach to predicting genetic risk of AD, however, we know that rare and low frequency variants can account for the missing heritability in AD. One objective of this project is to determine the risk for AD based on variants across the full allele frequency spectrum. An additional objective of this project is to utilize GWAS summary statistics from multiple ancestries to calculate the PRS and AD risk.To accomplish these objectives, we will leverage sequencing data from the ADSP (our study is contributing 1,531 samples to the Follow Up phase) and summary statistics from published GWAS from different ancestries. To generate the common variant PRS, we will use these summary statistics and methods such as PRS-CSx. We will determine the carrier status for rare and low frequency AD risk alleles based on the literature and bioinformatics tools. Prediction of AD case-control status and age-at-onset for quantiles of the common variant PRS and carrier status will be characterized with an empirical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The statistical software R will be used to perform regression analyses and to evaluate the AUC.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Currently, risk prediction for the later-onset form of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) focuses on genetic variants that are more common in the population, but ignores less common variants. Prediction is also largely based on data from populations of European ancestry. The goals of this project are to incorporate genetic variants across the full allele frequency spectrum (more and less common genetic variants) and to include more ancestrally diverse populations. To accomplish these goals, we will leverage genetic data from the ADSP and summary statistics (results) from published studies in diverse populations. We will determine the prediction of AD case-control status and age-at-onset.
Investigator:
Ertekin-Taner, Nilufer
Institution:
Mayo Clinic
Project Title:
CLEAR-AD
Date of Approval:
November 19, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
This U19 aims to bridge these knowledge gaps for discovery and validation of Centrally-linked Longitudinal pEripheral biomARkers of AD (CLEAR-AD) in multi-ethnic populations. CLEAR-AD U19 is based on the premise that AD is a complex disorder in which many biological pathways are disrupted due to multi-omic perturbations, which can be detected in brain and reflected in blood. The specific aims of CLEAR-AD are: 1) To discover CLPMS of the complex and heterogeneous AD pathophysiology and its co-pathologies. 2) To identify longitudinal CLPMS that detect and predict dynamic neuroimaging, fluid biomarker, and clinical changes across AD spectrum. 3) To characterize differences and similarities in CLPMS profiles across NHW, African American (AA) and Latino American (LA) participants to uncover biomarker patterns in multi-ethnic groups. 4) To make these vast resources available to the scientific community to amplify and accelerate its impact. In this U19, we will leverage NIH-funded ADNI, MCSA and ADRC cohorts of >3,700 multi-ethnic participants to generate >20,000 multi-omics measures (Omics Core) that will be processed and integrated with >48,000 harmonized AD cognitive, neuroimaging and fluid endophenotypes (Analytic Core). Using these data, we will identify brain region and cell-type specific CLPMS, which reflect biological subtypes of AD and disease stage (Project 1). We will discover longitudinal changes in CLPMS that predict cognitive and A/T/N/V progression (Project 2). We will define longitudinal cognitive and A/T/N/V changes and CLPMS in URP that are either conserved with NHW or population-specific (Project 3). This U19 will a) Identify the next generation of AD biomarkers with mechanistic insights; b) Establish a precision medicine approach for rigorous multi-omics biomarker discovery and validation in AD; c) Discover molecules that can serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets; d) Enhance biomarker research in trial-ready multi-ethnic populations; and e) Generate and share a vast and harmonized resource of endophenotype and multi-omics data in NIH-funded cohorts.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
There is a clear and immediate need for the discovery of peripheral molecular signatures linked to central disease processes, core and co-pathologies in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), that will serve as precision medicine blood-based biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, theragnostic and therapeutic purposes. AD is a complex disorder in which many biological pathways are disrupted due to multi-omic perturbations, which can be detected in brain and reflected in blood, i.e. centrally-linked peripheral molecular signatures (CLPMS). This U19 will leverage deeply phenotyped, longitudinal NIH-funded multi-ethnic cohorts and cross-disciplinary expertise for multi-omics data generation and its integration with harmonized AD endophenotypes, will share these data and utilize them in integrated U19 projects to discover CLPMS that will serve as the next generation of AD biomarkers.
Investigator:
Ezzati, Ali
Institution:
University of California, Irvine
Project Title:
Advanced Modeling in Alzheimer's Cohorts and Trials
Date of Approval:
January 28, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
We aim to develop robust, calibrated, and reliable predictive models by utilizing machine learning techniques on a rich dataset of imaging, omics, and phenotypic data. Our approach is twofold:1. We will employ supervised machine learning methods to construct predictive models for defined outcomes such as clinical disease stages, meaningful cognitive decline, and imaging and neuropathologic markers (e.g., amyloid or tau positivity). We acknowledge that a major challenge in implementing predictive models is their integration into real-world settings. Therefore, once validated, we will convert these models into web applications or simplify them into risk scores to improve their usability and practical application. 2. Given the significant heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease and existing gaps in our mechanistic understanding, we will utilize semi-supervised machine learning to subtype the disease. This method will incorporate genetics, biofluid biomarkers, imaging, and neuropsychological tests. Our methodology offers a significant advantage over the unsupervised machine and deep learning techniques commonly used in the field. By incorporating "partial labeling" and incorporating knowledge of disease states, our semi-supervised approach enables more clinically relevant disease subtyping and results.For this project, we are collaborating with experts from other institutions, including Dr. Christos Davatzikos from the University of Pennsylvania, who is an expert in neuroimaging and machine learning, and Dr. Richard Lipton from Albert Einstein College of Medicine, known for his expertise in epidemiology and the design of trials and cohorts.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Despite the extensive research on Alzheimer's and other dementias, the success rate of randomized clinical trials has been disappointingly low. This is primarily due to the significant clinical variations among patients, which limits our ability to predict their outcomes accurately. To address this challenge, we aim to develop a predictive framework specifically focusing on Alzheimer's and related dementias. We will use several cohorts and will employ machine learning and advanced statistical modeling on various types of data, including demographics, neuropsychological measures, biofluid and imaging biomarkers from existing international cohorts and concluded clinical trials. The framework will enable us to predict disease progression which will facilitate early intervention and personalized care for individuals at risk of developing dementia. Our project seeks to harness the power of machine learning and advanced analytics to improve our understanding of Alzheimer's Disease, enhance prediction accuracy, and ultimately contribute to more effective treatments and interventions.
Investigator:
Falcone, Guido
Institution:
Yale School of Medicine
Project Title:
Genomic analyses to evaluate the contribution of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia to risk of Alzheimer's Disease and cognitive decline in non-demented persons.
Date of Approval:
October 15, 2020
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Novel treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are urgently needed. Observational data indicate that hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are associated with increased risk of both AD and cognitive status (CS) in non-demented persons. Because hypertension and hypercholesterolemia can be treated effectively, confirmation of causal links between them and AD/CS would provide an appealing therapeutic opportunity. Because mutations are randomly distributed during meiosis, mutation-disease associations are immune to confounding by postnatal exposures. In this setting, mutations strongly associated with an exposure of interest constitute ideal instrumental variables to evaluate the causal effect of that exposure on an outcome of interest. This is an appealing strategy for hypertension/hypercholesterolemia (exposures of interest) and AD/CS (outcomes of interest) because genetic variation explains a substantial proportion of the variance of these two vascular risk factors. We will combine novel methods in statistical genetics and well-established instrumental variable techniques to test the overarching hypothesis that genetically-determined hypertension and hypercholesterolemia influence risk of both late-onset AD and CS in non-demented persons. Our proposal leverages our team’s expertise and successful track record of impactful contributions in the fields of Aging; the robust research infrastructure available through Yale’s OAIC; and access, through the NIAGAD Data Storage Site and UK Biobank, to clinical and genomic data from 550,990 persons to pursue the following aims: determine whether genetically-determined hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are associated, individually or jointly, with increased risk of late-onset AD; and determine whether genetically-determined hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are associated with CS in community-dwelling individuals not yet diagnosed with dementia. This administrative supplement to Yale’s OAIC will deploy an innovative strategy for causal inference based on genetic information to clarify whether observed associations between hypertension/ hypercholesterolemia and AD/CS reflect true causal relationships.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Novel treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease are urgently needed. Observational data indicate that hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are associated with increased risk of both late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease and cognitive decline in non-demented persons; however, it is not clear whether these relationships are causative or associative. We will combine novel methods in statistical genetics and well-established instrumental variable techniques to test the overarching hypothesis that genetically-determined hypertension and hypercholesterolemia influence risk of both late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease and cognitive decline in nondemented persons.
Investigator:
Fardo, David
Institution:
University of Kentucky
Project Title:
Localizing risk variants and estimating effects in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) Data (Update to GRCh38)
Date of Approval:
January 7, 2025
Request status:
Expired
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Technical Research Use Statement:
This is an update to a currently-active project through dbGaP in order to garner GRCh38 mapped reads and additional WES subjects (a total of 19,922) for downstream analysis of regions identified through the scan statistic, endophenotype and causal approaches. The original edited RUS is copied below: We aim to better isolate causal variants within putative ADRD disease genes via two primary approaches. First, we will use an empirical Bayes scan statistic to detect regions of disease variant enrichment. In addition, we will employ novel causal inference methodology to estimate variant-specific causal risk for ADRD. These complementary approaches will allow for discovery of novel ADRD genes as well as enumeration/localization of important variants within putative AD risk genes. We will also employ more conventional approaches (e.g., SKAT, endophenotype development) as appropriate. We have read and approved the Data Use Agreement as signed and submitted on dbGaP and plan to upload results of our findings in a timely manner.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The main goals of the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequence Project (ADSP) include the identification of novel genomic variants contributing to risk of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease or to protection against Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), as well as providing information as to why at-risk individuals may not develop AD or related dementias, especially in multi-ethnic populations. The aim of our data analysis aligns with these goals to identify novel genomic variants associated with AD. We will aim to do so via a scan-based statistic at each variant, where the statistic is specially designed for the analysis of genomic data. We will also explore alternative methodologies for these discoveries including the calculation of a causal estimate of variants within putative AD genes.
Investigator:
Farrer, Lindsay
Institution:
Boston University
Project Title:
ADSP Data Analysis
Date of Approval:
August 29, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
As part of the Consortium for Alzheimers Sequence Analysis (CASA: NIA grant UF1-AG047133), we plan to analyze whole exome and whole genome sequence data generated from subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elderly normal controls. These data will be generated by the National Human Genome Institute Large-Scale Sequence Program. The goal of the planned analyses is to identify genes that have alleles that protect against or increase susceptibility to AD. We will evaluate variants detected in the sequence data for association with AD to identify protective and susceptibility alleles using the whole exome case-control data. We will also evaluate sequence data from multiplex AD families to identify variants associated with AD risk and protection, and evaluate variant co-segregation with AD. The family data will be whole genome data. The family-based data will be used to inform the cases control analysis and visa versa. We also will focus on structural variants (insertion-deletions, copy number variants, and chromosomal rearrangements). Evaluation of structural variants will involve both whole genome and whole exome data. Structural variants will be analyzed with single nucelotide variants detected and analyzed in the case-control and family-based data.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We are attempting to identify all the inherited elements that contribute to Alzheimer's disease risk. To do this we will analyze DNA sequence data from subjects with Alzheimer's disease and elderly subjects who are cognitively normal. The sequence data from these 2 groups will be compared to identify differences that contribute to the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease of that protect against Alzheimer's disease. These DNA differences can be at a single site in the genetic code, or can span multiple sites, changing the copy number of DNA sequences. Both types of genetic variants will be examined.
Investigator:
Fernandez, Victoria
Institution:
ACE Alzheimer Center
Project Title:
GADIR
Date of Approval:
February 10, 2026
Request status:
Approved
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The objective of this study is to contribute to our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases by examining the genetic contributors of major dementia neuropathological hallmarks (amyloid-β deposition, tau pathology, TDP-43, hippocampal sclerosis, Lewy body pathology, and cerebrovascular disease, among others. We will generate the largest Iberian database(N=3500) of neuropathologically curated brains (Aim 1) with a subset of those (N≈350) undergoing deep digital phenotyping (Aim 3). We will generate an associated genetic map (Aim 2) order to elucidate how common and rare genetic variants contribute to specific pathologies. We additionally aim to determine how polygenic risk scores (PRS) and pathway-specific PRS correspond to single and mixed neuropathological profiles, and to clarify the genetic architecture driving co-pathologies that frequently complicate clinical diagnosis. Eventually, we will replicate and fine-map our findings (Aim 4) leveraging available datasets at NIAGADS and other public repositories.Our analysis plan includes genome-wide association testing of ordinal, binary, and quantitative neuropathological traits; rare-variant burden analyses for coding and non-coding regions; PRS and pathway-PRS modeling across multiple dementia-related diseases; unsupervised clustering to identify variant sets defining specific endophenotypes; and pathway and network analyses to interpret significant signals. Colocalization and functional annotation approaches will integrate genomic findings with transcriptomic and proteomic resources.Data obtained from NIAGADS will be used to strengthen replication, broaden meta-analytic power, validate associations across independent neuropathology cohorts, and support functional interpretation using available genetic, expression, and multi-omic datasets. All analyses will use de-identified data in compliance with ethical and data-sharing standards.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Dementia is an immensely challenging and prevalent condition, deeply impacting the lives of over 55 million individuals worldwide. While Alzheimer's disease stands as the most commonly recognized form of dementia, there exist other conditions that present comparable symptoms but distinct underlying pathological characteristics. To provide more effective support to patients and their families, we need to better understand the genetic causes associated to each of these brain pathologies, and to develop advanced tools for early classification and diagnosis. This grant proposal aims to tackle these challenges by establishing the largest Iberian (Spanish and Portuguese) database of dementia neuropathological cases, marked by a modernized and standardized neuropathological classification alongside comprehensive genomic data. Our goal is to delve further into the genetic architecture underpinning these pathological features and to refine existing risk assessment tools for more accurate diagnoses.
Investigator:
Frost, Bess
Institution:
UT Health San Antonio Barshop Institute
Project Title:
Investigating retrotransposon activation and retrotransposon-associated genetic variants associated with human tauopathy
Date of Approval:
October 25, 2022
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective: To gain insights into retrotransposon activation in specific cell types, our first objective is to analyze differential transposable element expression in bulk sequenced microglia from Alzheimer’s disease patient brain tissue versus controls (NG00105). Study design: Reads will be aligned to the GRCh38 human reference genome with STAR using parameters optimized for aligning transposon derived multi-aligning reads. Read counts for transposon and gene loci will be obtained using TEtranscripts. Differential expression of genes and transposons will then be calculated using Deseq2. Analysis plan: Unsupervised machine learning techniques will be applied to cluster transcription counts by variance to make associations between specific retrotransposons and microglial/immune response associated genes.Objective: We have identified multiple candidate non-reference mobile element insertion variants using nanopore long read sequencing of DNA extracted from frontal cortex of patients at Braak 0, III, and V/VI. Our second objective is to utilize the ADSP umbrella whole genome sequencing dataset (NG00067) to determine if our findings are conserved in a larger cohort of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Study Design: CRAM alignment files aligned to the GRCh38 reference genome from the ADSP discovery (snd10000) and PSP-UCLA (snd10017) WGS data sets will be analyzed with xTea (Chu et al. 2021) to identify the presence of mobile element insertions previously identified via nanopore. Only genomic regions containing insertions of interest will be analyzed. Analysis Plan: Non-reference mobile insertions identified via nanopore will be compared in control, Alzheimer’s disease, and PSP NIAGADS datasets. Insertions meeting the designated criteria will be considered for a replication analysis using cohorts from the ADSP umbrella dataset. We will determine whether these variants can predict the longitudinal clinical rate of disease progression and correlate with other features such as tau PET positivity, CSF tau, and cognitive testing. We will also consider sex, age, and high-risk genotypes.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective 1: Almost half of the human genome is composed of transposable elements, or “jumping genes.” Retrotransposons are activated in human Alzheimer’s disease and related “tauopathies,” as well as in Drosophila and mouse models of tauopathy. In the current study, we will analyze retrotransposon activation specifically in microglia, the immune cells of the brain, in the context of tauopathy. In addition, we will determine if retrotransposons activation correlates with expression of neighboring immune response genes. Objective 2: We have previously identified tau-induced retrotranpsoson activation as driver of neurodegeneration. In a preliminary analysis of Alzheimer’s disease patient samples and controls, we have used long-read whole genome DNA sequencing technology to discover non-reference retrotransposon insertions that are unique to Alzheimer’s disease patients. In the current study, we expand these analyses to determine if our findings are conserved in a larger patient cohort, and how these novel insertions relate to disease progression.
Investigator:
Funk, Cory
Institution:
Institute for Systems Biology
Project Title:
Immunity in AD
Date of Approval:
October 2, 2023
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective: The HLA region was previously identified in an Alzheimer’s GWAS study. The role of the adaptive immune system in Alzheimer’s is not well understood, despite emerging evidence suggesting infectious agents may be contributing to the disease.Study design: Using the data requested from NIAGADS, we will attempt to remap the HLA region to produce a more better defined haplotypes for each sample. We will also look at other variants of interest associated with Alzheimer’s and/or the innate and adaptive immune system, to pursue hypotheses around how these two arms of the immune system may interact. We will also use these data to perform association testing, identifying variants associated with AD risk or infection and evaluating their sensitivity to covariates such as APOE genotype, sex, and ancestry.Analysis plan: Data from NIAGADS with be downloaded to an AWS instance. Regions of interest, such as the HLA region on chromosome 6, will be extracted using samtools. Additional genotype data will be imputed using the Michigan Imputation Server and reference data selected to best match the ancestry(s) represented in the data. Association testing will adjust for population structure and genetic relatedness. Variants of interest will be annotated using resources such as the Variant Effect Predictor and the Genotype-Tissue Expression project to facilitate the interpretation of association results. Pathway analyses may be used to better understand potential relationships between implicated genes and genes previously implicated in AD and related disorders. We will perform genome scans in large data sets representing diverse ancestries. We will use imputed genotype data within association signals to fine-map the location of variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Association testing across independent data sets will be used to replicate these signals. We will use variant annotation to describe the potential relationships between implicated variants and gene function, regulation, and pathways. This work will attempt to identify genes involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses in connection with AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We will be investigating the possible connections between genes in the immune system and Alzheimer's disease. We will be looking at both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. We will also include approaches that consider the potential role of pathogens in contributing to Alzheimer's etiology.
Investigator:
Ghezzi, Daniele
Institution:
Institute of Neurology Besta
Project Title:
MitoAD
Date of Approval:
January 31, 2024
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been hypothesized to be the primary event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Extracellular amyloid-ß (Aß) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are histopathological hallmarks of the disease. The so called mitochondrial cascade hypothesis proposes that mitochondrial dysfunction is the primary event in AD pathology. Numerous experiments demonstrated that accumulation of Aß in mitochondria begins before the occurrence of extracellular deposition, and this leads to mitochondrial dysfunction with increased oxidative stress, impaired mitodynamics and decrease in ATP production that leads to synaptic dysfunction, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration. Few mitochondrial enzymes are closely linked to the degradation of accumulated intra-mitochondrial Aß, but also to degradation of the mitochondrial targeting sequences that are cleaved off from the imported precursor proteins by the mitochondrial matrix peptidase. If these peptides fail to be cleared from the mitochondrial matrix, they may act as detergent-like, toxic agents, forming pores in the membranes.This project stems from preliminary, original observations from mouse models, yeast KO models, and a screening of a gene encoding a mitochondrial protease in small cohorts of patients with neurodegenerative disorders. In summary, this MitoAD project will be focused on trying to answer to the following question: Are there variants in mitochondrial protease genes associated with increased risk for AD?We have already selected 7 genes, and we will compare the frequency of: 1)Loss of function variants and 2)Missense variants with frequency <1% in the ADRD database vs. GnomAD database. In case of significant differences in this first analysis, we will then possibly subdivide the ADRD cohort in two groups, i.e. AD and FTD, in order to see if the observed mitochondrial impairment is directly linked to AD/ Aß accumulation or is a more general defect, not specifically associated with neurodegeneration.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been hypothesized to be the primary event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Extracellular amyloid-beta (Aß) deposition is the key histopathological hallmark of AD, but Aß accumulation occurs also in mitochondria causing impairment in different mitochondrial pathways. Diverse mitochondrial enzymes have a role in degradation of unfolded proteins including accumulated intramitochondrial Aß. The scope of this project is to better define the role of these mitochondrial proteases on Aß processing and to evaluate how/if impairment in this pathway is linked to AD development.We want to exploit the ADRD database to evaluate if variants in selected genes encoding mitochondrial proteases are indeed associated with increased risk for AD (and, in case, if this risk is specific for AD or is common to other dementia neurodegenerative conditions).
Investigator:
Gibbs, Richard
Institution:
Baylor College of Medicine
Project Title:
Therapeutic Target Discovery in ADSP data via Comprehensive Whole-Genome Analysis Incorporating Ethnic Diversity and Systems Approaches
Date of Approval:
June 20, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective: Utilize ADSP data sets to identify genes & specific genetic variants that confer risk for or protection from Alzheimer disease. Aim 1: Using combined WGS/WES across the ADSP Discovery, Disc-Ext, and FUS Phases, including single nucleotide variants, small insertion/deletions, and structural variants. We will: Aim 1a. Perform whole genome single variant and rare variant case/control association analyses of AD using ADSP and other available data; Aim 1b. Target protective variant identification via association analysis using selected controls within the ADSP data and performing meta analysis across association results based on selected controls from non-ADSP data sets. Aim 1c. Perform endophenotype analyses including cognitive function measures, hippocampal volume and circulation beta-amyloid ADSP data in subjects for which these measures are available. Meta analysis will be conducted across ADSP and non-ADSP analysis results. Aim 2: To leverage ethnically-diverse and admixed populations to identify AD variants we will: Aim 2a. Estimate and account for global and local ancestry in all analyses; Aim 2b. Perform admixture mapping in samples of admixed ancestry; and Aim 2c. Perform ethnicity-specific and trans-ethnic meta-analyses. Aim 3: To identify putative therapeutic targets through functional characterization of genes and networks via bioinformatics, integrative ‘omics analyses. We will: Aim 3a. Annotate variants with their functional consequences using bioinformatic tools and publicly available “omics” data. Aim 3b. Prioritize results, group variants with shared function, and identify key genes functionally related to AD via weighted association analyses and network approaches. Analyses will be performed in coordination with the following PIs. Coordination will involve sharing expertise, analysis plans or analysis results. No individual level data will be shared across institutions. Anita DeStephano, Boston University, Philip De Jager, Columbia University; Eric Boerwinkle & Myriam Fornage, U of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Sudha Seshadri, U of Texas, San Antonio; Ellen Wijsman, U of Washington.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
This proposal seeks to analyze existing genetic sequencing data generated as part of the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) including the ADSP Follow-up Study (FUS) with the goal of identifying genes and specific changes within those genes that either confer risk for Alzheimer’s Disease or provide protection from Alzheimer’s Disease. Analytic challenges include analysis of whole genome sequencing data, appropriately accounting for population structure across European ancestry, Hispanic, and African American participants, and interpreting results in the context of other genomic data available.
Investigator:
Goate, Alison
Institution:
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Project Title:
Study of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (e.g. frontotemporal dementia) and related phenotypes
Date of Approval:
March 4, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia but has no effective prevention or treatment. Developing a comprehensive picture of the genetic architecture of AD including a network level functional assessment of risk/resilience genes is essential to develop novel therapeutic targets. The overarching goals of this study are to use genetic and genomic approaches to: 1) identify genes and variants that are involved in the development of AD and related disorders; 2) identify functional networks enriched for AD or related disorder risk and protective loci; 3) determine how cellular function and physiology is impacted by these genetic factors in disease-relevant cell types and animal models. This study will use publicly available whole genome/exome sequence data generated by the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project (IGAP) and others. We will apply a suite of case-control and family approaches to investigate genetic association with dichotomous and continuous disease traits. This study will not only further our understanding of the genetic architecture of AD but also provide key information regarding the molecular mechanisms, setting the stage for novel therapeutic development.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the only disease among the top ten killers in the U.S. without a disease modifying therapy. Genetic studies provide a powerful means to identify genes and pathways that are causally linked to disease etiology. We propose to use genomic and functional approaches to identify genes that alter the risk of AD and investigate how these genes disrupt cellular pathways leading to disease.
Investigator:
Greicius, Michael
Institution:
Stanford University School of Medicine
Project Title:
Examining Genetic Associations in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Date of Approval:
December 19, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
We are studying the effects of rare (minor allele frequency < 5%) genetic variants on the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). We are interested in variants that have a protective effect in subjects who are at an increased genetic risk, or variants that lead to multiple dementias. Our aim is to identify any genetic variants that are present in the “case” group but not the “AD control” groups for both types of variants. The raw data we receive will be annotated to identify SNP locations and frequencies using existing databases such as 1,000 Genomes. We will filter the data based on genetic models such as compounded heterozygosity, recessive and dominant models to identify different types of variants.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Current genetic understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) does not fully explain its heritability. The APOE4 allele is a well-established risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, some individuals who carry APOE4 remain cognitively healthy until advanced ages. Additionally, the cause of mixed dementia pathology development in individuals remains largely unexplained. We aim to identify genetic factors associated with these “protected” and mixed pathology phenotypes.
Investigator:
Greytak, Ellen
Institution:
Parabon NanoLabs
Project Title:
Novel whole-genome analysis methods for Alzheimer's risk prediction
Date of Approval:
June 20, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Despite recent advancements, existing genetic risk prediction models (GRPMs) for late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) lack sufficient discrimination ability to support clinical applications. Given the lack of treatments that meaningfully affect disease progression once symptoms have manifested and the socioeconomic consequences at stake, there is a serious unmet need for more accurate GRPMs able to assess a patient's LOAD risk in middle age or earlier, before presymptomatic neurodegeneration begins. Additionally, the lack of diversity in traditional GRPMs further exacerbates inequities in health care for non-Europeans. This project builds off of our previous work in which we produced a GRPM for LOAD using single SNPs and epistatic interactions between SNPs in an ensemble model with polygenic risk scores. In this phase we will develop methods for cross-ancestry SNP analysis to select features to be included in a LOAD GRPM that can be generalized to individuals of any ancestry. The ADSP data will be incorporated with data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project, the UK BioBank and the Framingham Heart Study. We will develop methods for association testing for homogeneous cross-ancestry SNP effects, followed by fine-mapping using diverse subjects to identify genetic features with functional relevance. We will also create and implement methods for association testing for heterogeneous cross-ancestry SNP effects for identification of epistatic interactions across ancestries. Finally we will train a cross-ancestry AD risk model using a cross-validation framework and replicate our findings in an independent cohort. The model will include age, sex, APOE genotype, and ancestry PCs as covariates and we will test gradient boosting, deep learning, super learning, and ensemble modeling methods.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
There are no treatments that significantly slow progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) once symptoms manifest, making early intervention crucial to reduce the burden of this disease. A genetic risk prediction model (GRPM) for determining AD risk early in life, would allow early intervention, life planning, and improved patient stratification for clinical trials. Despite advancements, GRPMs for AD lack sufficient discrimination to support such applications. To address this need, Parabon developed a GRPM using machine learning that is able to predict an individual's risk of developing AD at any age that achieves state-of-the-art prediction accuracy. However, like most genetic risk scores, it was built using European subjects and thus has reduced accuracy in non-Europeans. The goal of this project is to enhance our modeling pipeline to identify genetic variants and interactions both across and within ancestral groups, then build a predictive model and test it in an independent replication set.
Investigator:
Gudmundsdottir, Valborg
Institution:
Icelandic Heart Association
Project Title:
Understanding Genetic Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease in the Iceland Population
Date of Approval:
September 5, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
AGES Proposal Objectives: To conduct a genome-wide association study of common and rare variants, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs), short insertion/deletions (indels), and structural variants (SVs), with Alzheimer’s Disease in an integrative analysis of ADSP and the Age/Gene-Environment Susceptibility (AGES) Study dataAnalysis Plan: 1. QC plan for pooled samples from ADSP and AGES 1.1. Genotype Level QC - Check read depth coverage and genotype quality for each genotype - Change genotypes to missing if low quality (DP < 10 or GQ < 20) - Allele balance heterozygosity (0.25 < ABhet < 0.75) 1.2. Sample Level QC - Samples without AD status will be excluded - Principal component analysis (PCA) with the reference populations in the 1000 Genomes Project to identify most similar population group - Standard QC, remove samples with: - Missingness > 1% - Heterozygosity > 3 standard deviations from the mean het/hom ratio - Relatedness values indicating duplicate samples 1.3. Variant Level QC - Standard QC, remove variants with: - Minor allele frequency threshold (see Association Tests) - Missingness > 1% - Low Hardy-Weinberg p-values (< 1e-10) - Ti/Tv coefficients > 10 SD from the mean - Keep variants with ABhet ratio between 0.3-0.72. General genetic quality analyses (non-phenotypic) - Burden analysis using SKAT-O - Identifying positive selection - Identifying population bottlenecks and expansions (effective population size)3. Primary Analysis 3.1 Available relevant phenotypes: Provided by The Icelandic Heart Association 3.2. Participants - ADSP release 5 (R5) 58k samples with clear Alzheimer’s Disease status - AGES subjects with clear Alzheimer’s Disease status 4. Potential Secondary Analyses: Copy Number Variation (CNV) and Structural Variant (SV) analyses if a novel SNV is found. CNVs/SVs are detected separately by Smoove and Manta and merged by Svimmer for each sample. Further merging for all samples can be done by Svimmer that provides the input of GraphTyper2 for joint genotyping.Collaboration: This project will be a collaboration between University of Pennsylvania and The Icelandic Heart Association
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
This study aims to explore how genetic differences contribute to Alzheimer’s Disease by analyzing data integration of ADSP and the Age/Gene-Environment Susceptibility (AGES) Study. By studying various types of genetic changes—including small variations in DNA sequences and larger structural differences—this project seeks to identify genetic markers linked to Alzheimer’s. The research team will employ advanced computational methods to ensure the data quality and analyze the relationship between specific genetic factors and Alzheimer’s. This includes examining rare mutations, evaluating their potential biological impact, and exploring pathways that might help explain the development of the disease. This collaboration between the University of Pennsylvania and the Icelandic Heart Association represents an important step toward understanding the role of genetics in Alzheimer’s Disease in Iceland population and could provide insights for future treatments or interventions.
Investigator:
Habes, Mohamad
Institution:
UT Health San Antonio
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
December 19, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology. Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Haines, Jonathan
Institution:
Case Western Reserve University
Project Title:
Alzheimer Disease Sequence Analysis Collaborative (a.k.a. Collaborative Alzheimer Disease REsearch; CADRE)
Date of Approval:
January 30, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
We plan to analyze whole exome and whole genome sequence data generated from subjects with Alzheimer disease (AD) and elderly normal controls. The goal of the planned analyses is to identify genes and other functional elements that have variations that protect against or increase susceptibility to AD. We will evaluate variants detected in the sequence data for association with AD to identify protective and susceptibility alleles using the whole exome and whole genome data. We will also evaluate similar sequence data from multiplex AD families to identify variants associated with AD risk and protection, and evaluate variant co-segregation with AD. We also will focus on structural variants (insertion-deletions, copy number variants, and chromosomal rearrangements) detected using both whole genome and whole exome data. All data will be analyzed separately and in an integrated fashion and will incorporate additional genetic and functional data.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We are attempting to identify all the inherited elements that contribute to Alzheimer's disease risk. To do this we will analyze DNA sequence data from subjects with Alzheimer's disease and elderly subjects who are cognitively normal. The sequence data from these two groups will be compared to identify differences that contribute to the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease of that protect against Alzheimer's disease. These DNA differences can be at a single site in the genetic code, or can span multiple sites, changing the copy number of DNA sequences. Both types of genetic variants will be examined.
Investigator:
Hatchwell, Eli
Institution:
Population Bio
Project Title:
Mutational Spectrum of Causal Genes for Neurological/Neurodegenerative Diseases and Endometriosis Identified via High Resolution Genome Wide Copy Number Analysis
Date of Approval:
September 12, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
While single gene rare variants have been shown to play a significant role in Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (EOAD), their role in Late-Onset (LOAD) has not been emphasised. The gene discovery methodology we have developed at Population Bio allows for unbiased exploration of highly informative genomic variants in any cohort of interest. Our approach is based on ultra-high resolution copy number variant (CNV) analysis. We have invested heavily in such analysis on normal populations. These are used as comparators for cohorts of interest, such as LOAD. In our LOAD work, this analysis generated a list of CNVs which were either absent in the normal populations we studied or else present at significantly higher frequency in the LOAD cohort. Such CNVs are routinely annotated to determine if they overlie known genes and/or regulatory regions. As an example, we have discovered a deletion in 3% of our LOAD cases, which is present in <= 1% of normals. This deletion disrupts a transcription factor binding site in the intron of a gene, which, via GeneHancer, is known to control exon 1 of the gene. The gene in question is novel to LOAD, and is an important metabolic gene, with known biology. It is vital that we validate this finding by analysis of independent LOAD datasets. In addition, we wish to validate other genes discovered in the same manner We have very deep experience of analyzing WGS/WES datasets. Our focus will be to pull out of the available WGS/WES datasets all the variants for the candidate genes of interest. Such variants, including SNVs, indels and CNVs (called using a variety of tools we have experience with) will be analyzed by reference to databases of normal individuals: i.CNVs, by reference to our own internal database but also gnomad (https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org) CNV data and DGV (http://dgv.tcag.ca) ii.SNVs/indels, by reference to gnomad These analyses will allow us to determine whether there exists a mutational burden for our candidate genes of interest in independent LOAD cohorts, and will serve as validation/refutation. The main phenotype of interest will be definitive diagnoses of LOAD, based on neuropathological and clinical cognitive analyses
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Most of the common conditions that affect large numbers of the general population have a genetic basis. While progress has been rapid in the field of cancer, the same cannot be said for common, non-cancer, conditions, such as Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD). It is pretty clear now that not all cases of LOAD represent the same disease, in terms of what is the cause. Our approach has been to consider common diseases as collections of rare subgroups, each of which has a specific cause and which, in due course, will have a specific treatment. We have pioneered and implemented a method to rapidly uncover potentially causal genes in common disorders and will use the data generated from this study to strengthen our discoveries, by validating a set of novel candidate genes we have identified in LOAD Our project will allow us to: 1.Define subsets of disease 2.Work with pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs that will specifically target each subset of disease. In some cases, disease progression may be halted by the therapies developed. In some cases, reversal and/or cure may be possible
Investigator:
Hohman, Timothy
Institution:
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Project Title:
Genetic Drivers of Resilience to Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
January 16, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
“Asymptomatic” Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a phenomenon in which 30% of individuals over age 65 meet criteria for autopsy-confirmed pathological AD (beta-amyloid plaques and tau aggregation) but do not clinically manifest cognitive impairment.1-3 The resilience that underlies asymptomatic AD is marked by both protection from neurodegeneration (brain resilience)4 and preserved cognition (cognitive resilience).Our central hypothesis is that genetic effects allow a subset of individuals to endure extensive AD neuropathology without marked brain atrophy or cognitive impairment. We are uniquely positioned to identify resilience genes by leveraging the Resilience from Alzheimer’s Disease (RAD) database, a local resource in which we have harmonized a validated quantitative phenotype of resilience across 8 large AD cohort studies.Our strong interdisciplinary team represents international leaders in genetics, neuroscience, neuropsychology, neuropathology, and psychometrics who will leverage the infrastructure and rich resources of the AD Genetics Consortium, IGAP, ADSP, and our recently established and harmonzed continuous metric of resilience to fulfill the following aims:Aim 1. Identify and replicate common genetic variants that predict cognitive resilience (preserved cognition) and brain resilience (protection from brain atrophy) in the presence of AD pathology. We hypothesize that common genetic variation will explain variance in resilience above and beyond known predictors like education. Replication analyses will leverage age of onset data from IGAP to demonstrate that resilience loci predict a later age of AD onset.Aim 2. Identify and replicate rare and low-frequency genetic variants that predict cognitive and brain resilience. Rare and low-frequency variants with large effects have been identified in AD case/control studies, providing new insight into the genetic architecture of AD.Aim 3: Identify sex-specific genetic drivers of cognitive and brain resilience to AD pathology. Our preliminary results highlight sex differences in the downstream consequences of AD neuropathology, including sex-specific genetic markers of resilience.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
As the population ages, late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is becoming an increasingly important public health issue. Clinical trials targeted a reducing AD progression have demonstrated that patients continue to decline despite therapeutic intervention. Thus, there is a pressing need for new treatments aimed at novel therapeutic targets. A shift in focus from risk to resilience has tremendous potential to have a major public health impact by highlighting mechanisms that naturally counteract the damaging effects of AD neuropathology. The goal of the present project is to characterize genetic factors that protect the brain from the downstream consequences of AD neuropathology. We will identify both rare and common genetic variants using a robust metric of resilience developed and validated by our research team. The identification of such genetic effects will provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention in AD.
Investigator:
Hohman, Timothy
Institution:
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Project Title:
Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
July 15, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology.Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Hohman, Timothy
Institution:
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Project Title:
Estimating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease.
Date of Approval:
July 15, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progressively impairs memory and cognitive functions. Detecting and intervening in the asymptomatic stages of Alzheimer’s is crucial for slowing or preventing the onset of clinical symptoms. However, responses to preventive treatments often vary between individuals due to genetic heterogeneity. Understanding this variability can lead to more effective treatment strategies that are tailored to an individual's genetic profile.This project aims to estimate and make inferences about heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) in asymptomatic AD based on genetic information. Specifically, we will explore how genetic variations influence an individual's response to early interventions aimed at preventing the progression to symptomatic Alzheimer's. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and comprehensive genomic information in the A4 cohort, this project seeks to develop methods that can identify subgroups of individuals who are more or less likely to benefit from anti-amyloid treatments.The findings will provide critical insights into the genetic basis of treatment response variability in AD, paving the way for more personalized interventions in the early stages of the disease. This work aligns with the growing focus on precision medicine and has the potential to improve outcomes by offering more tailored therapeutic approaches for individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological disorder that gradually worsens over time, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline. Detecting and treating Alzheimer’s before symptoms appear is crucial to slowing down or preventing its progression. However, not everyone responds to early treatments in the same way, and much of this difference may be linked to genetics. This project is focused on understanding how a person’s genetic makeup can influence their response to treatments aimed at preventing Alzheimer’s. Specifically, we are studying how genetic differences affect the success of preventive treatments. By using advanced data analysis techniques and studying large genetic databases, we aim to identify which groups of people are more likely to benefit from early interventions. The goal of this research is to provide new insights into how genes affect treatment outcomes, allowing doctors to offer more personalized, effective treatments to individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
Investigator:
Holstege, Henne
Institution:
Amsterdam UMC
Project Title:
Searching for Alzheimer-related genetic variants and genes
Date of Approval:
December 8, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The purpose of this study is to find new Alzheimer related variants and genes, by combining exome and whole genome data from healthy controls and Alzheimer patients from different studies. Data will be analyzed using association, burden and variant component statistics.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Some individuals develop dementia, while others do not. A large part is likely determined by ones genes, Alzheimer’s disease has a heritability of up to 80%. What are the key genetic factors that determine if one will get Alzheimer disease? In this study, we will thoroughly explore genomic data of a large group of healthy persons and dementia patients to answer this question.
Investigator:
hsu, stephen
Institution:
michigan state university
Project Title:
Machine Learning Methods for the Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease
Date of Approval:
January 20, 2022
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Our goal is to use machine learning (ML) to understand and predict genetic cause and risk to Alzheimer's disease (AD).Our study is purely data informatic in nature and follows common ML-practices, including data cleaning and quality control of both samples and genotypes, pre-processing (such as correcting for covariates like age, sex and general population structure), training and parameter optimization, and evaluation using hold-out sets. Our primary goal is to increase the predictive power for disease status from only the genetic information. We use several different ML-algorithms to build predictors, such as compressed sensing (also known as LASSO), neural networks, and horseshoe Bayesian regression. The underlying genetic architectures are studied through dissecting and analyzing the trained predictors — which loci are important? how important are they (in particular the polygenetic importance beyond APOE)? what are the genetic correlations for these loci within and across different ancestries or other population groups? etc. — informing both fundamental disease research and future predictor algorithm designs.A priori, we will at least use the phenotypic characteristics sex, age/age of onset, race, ethnicity, AD status, and family history. We will also investigate whether a more informative case variable can be constructed as a function of the mentioned variables in conjunction with AD status comments. Other phenotypic characteristics may also be used in the continuous improvement of our predictor algorithms.All analysis will be performed on high-performance computing clusters at Michigan State University (MSU), where they will be stored under strict security, accessible only to PI and three other MSU staff (who also sign the Data Transfer Agreement), in accord with regulations.We will publish all scientific results in peer-reviewed journals and make developed general algorithms public. Published predictors will be made available, both to the public and returned to the NIAGADS.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is affecting more than 6 million Americans with an enormous impact on their lives and surrounding families. We aim to improve existing and develop new methods to predict the AD risk of an individual from his/her genetic information. Such a predictor can inform both life and treatment decisions, and its inner workings shed light on the genetic causes of AD. As such, it furthers the basic disease understanding and both the development and employment of preventive medications.Our methods use modern machine learning techniques (e.g. LASSO and neural networks) which are trained on carefully processed trait and genetic data. The amount of data is a crucial factor for success and the more than 30,000 participating individuals in the NIAGADS database constitute a state-of-the-art resource for this type of research.All data is handled under strict security policies while all scientific results will be made publicly available through publications and downloadable files.
Investigator:
Ichikawa, Osamu
Institution:
SUMITOMO PHARMA CO., LTD.
Project Title:
Understanding the genetic mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
January 27, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The purpose of our study is to identify effective therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through stratifying this heterogeneous disorder into subtypes. We will (i) define specific patient segments based on known genetic risks such as ApoE genotype and AD-related phenotypes, and (ii) identify novel genetic factors and understand the biological and pathological mechanism for the specific segment. The specific patient segments will be defined and characterized by the known genetic risks such as ApoE genotype, and AD-related phenotypes, including symptoms, clinical progression, brain imaging and Braak stages. The whole genome sequencing data and the whole exome sequencing data will be analyzed to identify novel genetic variants or genes associated in case-control cohort for each specific segment. These findings will be confirmed with family-based association analyses. We plan to analyze the whole genome sequencing data and the whole exome sequencing data with several phenotype-variant analysis approaches. First, we will stratify and characterize the patients by the known genetic risks and AD-related phenotypes, including symptoms, clinical progression, brain imaging and Braak stages. Then, we will analyze common variants, rare variants, including loss of function mutation, to identify novel genetic variants associated to each specific segment. These findings will be confirmed with family-based association analyses. System biological approaches will be used to determine perturbation of specific genes or pathways related to the phenotypes and to understand the molecular mechanism in each segment by integrating public data such as gene expression data that could be useful to identify the relevant brain region and cell types. All data will remain anonymized and securely stored, and only those listed on our application and their staff will have access to these data. We will not share any of the individual level data outside of Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma nor beyond the researchers on our application. We will adhere to all agreements through the DSS NIAGADS. We have a secure computational environment where we will use these data.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The purpose of our study is to identify effective therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is heterogeneous disease, which result from different combinations of genetic factors as well as environmental factors. Stratifying this heterogeneous disorder into subtypes based on genetic factors and objective phenotypes is important step to discover effective therapeutic targets. The whole genome sequencing data and the whole exome sequencing data will be analyzed to identify novel genetic variants associated with disease and/or subtypes.
Investigator:
Jaiswal, Siddhartha
Institution:
Stanford University
Project Title:
Clonal Hematopoiesis in NIAGADS
Date of Approval:
January 21, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Approximately 15-20% of people age 70 or older carry a cancer-associated mutation in a substantial proportion of their blood cells, even though the vast majority do not have cancer. This condition has been termed Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP). Past research has demonstrated that CHIP is associated with an increased risk of both all-cause mortality and several age-associated diseases, such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Using data from TOPMed, we found a surprising correlation: after controlling for competing risks, such as death, age, sex, and APOE genotype, CHIP is associated with protection from AD and AD-related pathologies, and that the degree of protection is proportional to the size of the mutant clone. We would like to improve our understanding of this phenomenon by leveraging the richly annotated whole genome (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) datasets provided by the NIAGADs under the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP). Understanding of this phenomenon could lead to possible treatments and greater ability to predict who will suffer from AD and its related pathologies. The NIAGADs has already performed the screening, recruitment, consent, and specimen collection. We are requesting access to datasets that include de-identified phenotypic and genetic information from both healthy controls and patients with AD and AD-related pathologies, specifically Dementia and Frontotemporal Dementia. We plan to control for and examine the following phenotypic characteristics: presence or absence of diagnosed neurological disease, age of disease onset (or age at the first visit for control groups), age at specifimen collection, sex, ethnic origin, and measures of cognitive and clinical decline. These phenotypes will be evaluated against genetic information (WES, WGS, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and polygenic risk scores). Specifically, we plan to use mutation callers in order to identify somatic mutations, such as mutect or varscan (from the WES data, etc.).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Approximately 15-20% of people age 70 or older carry a cancer-associated mutation in a substantial proportion of their blood cells, even though the vast majority do not have cancer. This condition has been termed Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP). Past research has demonstrated that CHIP is associated with an increased risk of both all-cause mortality and several age-associated diseases, such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Using data from TOPMED and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Sequencing Project, we found a surprising correlation: CHIP is associated with protection from AD and AD-related pathologies, and that the degree of protection is proportional to the size of the mutant clone. We would like to improve our understanding of this phenomenon by leveraging the richly annotated whole genome and whole exome sequencing datasets provided by the NIAGADs to replicate this association. Understanding of this phenomenon could lead to possible treatments and greater understanding of individual AD risk.
Investigator:
jin, LEI
Institution:
University of Florida
Project Title:
Assess the impact of common human TMEM173 alleles on Alzheimer's disease
Date of Approval:
March 6, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives: Affecting more than 3 million people per year, Alzheimer's Disease is the only leading cause of death without a treatment or cure. Genetics plays a major role in developing Alzheimer's Disease. For example, APOEe4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The APOEe4 allele increases the disease risk by 3 times in heterozygotes and by 15 times in homozygotes. Notably, - 40% of African Americans have at least one APOEe4 allele. Yet, African Americans with APOE e4 do not have an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's. The underlying protective mechanism in Africans is unknown. The TMEM173 gene encodes a protein called STING that is critical in host defense, anti-tumor immunity, and tissue inflammation. Besides the WT allele, the human TMEM173 gene contains two additional common alleles: R71HG230A-R293Q (HAQ) and G230A-R293Q (AQ). In East Asians, WT/HAQ (34.3%), not WT/WT (22.0%), is the most common TMEM173 genotype. Intriguingly, the AQ allele is exclusively carried by Africans (~40%). The objective is to explore/establish an association between the common African AQ allele and protection against Alzheimer’s Disease. Study design: Our hypothesis is that the common African-specific TMEM173 AQ allele is associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Using the Data Portal, https://dss.niagads.org/datasets/, we will select the relevant dataset. For example, one of the datasets we are interested in is (https://dss.niagads.org/sample-sets/snd 10003/) ADGC African American samples (Accession Number:snd 10003) that has 1648 controls and 1290 cases. We will download the sequence file, analyze the TMEM173 alleles in the 1648 controls and 1290 cases data, calculate the odds ratio with p values, and determine if the TMEM173 AQ alleles impact AD incidence in Africans. We will also compare ADSP cohorts with Caucasians, Asians, and Hispanics for the common TMEM173 alleles. Analysis plan: The analyzed cohorts consist of cases and controls. We will compare the allele frequency differences in the case and controls. We will match gender, age, and APOE e4 allele but will not conduct detailed phenotypic characterization.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Genetic factors influence people with Alzheimer’s. For example, just one copy of the APOEe4 allele increases the odds of Alzheimer’s disease by ~3 folds. - 40% of Africans have at least one copy of APOEe4 allele. Yet, Africans with APOEe4 do not have an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's. The underlying protective mechanism is unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that the TMEM173 gene promotes neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Intriguingly, while the majority of people have the WT allele of the TMEM173 gene, many have the R71H-G230A-R293Q (HAQ), G230A-R293Q (AQ) alleles. More East Asians are WT/HAQ (34.3% of East Asians) than WT/WT (22.0%). Meanwhile, the AQ allele is Africans-specific. Less than 1% of non-Africans have the AQ allele, while ~40% of Africans carry the AQ allele. One copy of the AQ allele can functionally suppress TMEM173-promoted tissue inflammation in mice. Here, we explore the potential protective role of the AQ allele in Alzheimer’s disease.
Investigator:
Jinwal, Umesh
Institution:
University of South Florida, College of Pharmacy
Project Title:
Characterize the Role of Shroom-3 in Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
February 5, 2020
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives of the proposed research: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease that generally affects people greater than 45 years old. AD patients show a persistent cognitive decline that leads to total disability at the end stage. Tau protein is one of major proteins linked to AD progression; it accumulates in neurons and forms paired helical filaments. As a result, Tau protein loses its capability to bind with microtubules and leading to neurodegeneration. We have performed Cdc37 chaperone based mass spectrometry to identify novel proteins linked to AD. We found Shroom-3 interaction with Cdc37 completely abolished in AD brain tissues compared to normal human brain tissues. These data provide strong evidence for potential role of Shroom-3 in AD. Currently, there is no genomic data available on Shroom-3 in AD cases. Hence, with this data access we aimed to perform genomic analysis for Shroom-3 and identify any potential mutations (SNPs) in Shroom-3 in AD. After analyzing Shroom-3, we will look at Cdc37 chaperones and other related proteins to fully characterize Shroom-3 and associated proteins.Study design: As a pilot study, we will aim for sample size n=100. Depending on available data and information for analysis, we will group samples as follows: male & female, different ethnicity, and age groups. Depending on data analysis results sample size will be adjusted to higher numbers after completion of pilot study with n=100. We will use bioinformatic software to compare gene sequences from AD patients with normal healthy individual (wild-type gene sequences) to identify any potential mutations/ Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS). Based on results, we will plan cellular and animal model studies for further characterization.Analysis plan, including the phenotypic characteristics that will be evaluated in association with genetic variants: We will carefully look at AD and normal aligned sequences for any changes in a particular nucleotide or set of nucleotides to identify mutations/SNPs in different groups (gender, ethnicity, & age).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease that generally affects people greater than 45 years old. AD patients show a persistent cognitive decline that leads to total disability at the end stage. Tau protein is one of major proteins linked to AD progression; it accumulates in neurons and forms paired helical filaments. As a result, Tau protein loses its capability to bind with microtubules and leading to neurodegeneration. We have performed Cdc37 chaperone based mass spectrometry to identify novel proteins linked to AD. We found Shroom-3 interaction with Cdc37 completely abolished in AD brain tissues compared to normal human brain tissues. These data provide strong evidence for potential role of Shroom-3 in AD. Currently, there is no genomic data available on Shroom-3 in AD cases. Hence, with this data access we aimed to perform genomic analysis for Shroom-3 and identify any potential mutations (SNPs) in Shroom-3 in AD. We will also look at Cdc37 chaperones and related proteins to fully characterize Shroom-3 and associated proteins.
Investigator:
Johansson, Fredrik
Institution:
Chalmers University of Technology
Project Title:
AD subtypes
Date of Approval:
August 10, 2021
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical manifestations and rate of progression. AD subtypes identification will improve our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms, enable us to predict disease trajectory and develop new disease-modifying treatments.Objective. To identify distinct AD subtypes from WGS data of AD individualsAnalysis plan. We will use 3000 WGS data derived from the ADSP Discovery Case-Control Based Extension Study. We will use the available SNVs and INDELS and infer structural variants (SVs) with our in-house multi-caller pipelines. Rare variants will be retained for further analysis. We will then split the dataset in training and tests set, and use the identified set of genetic variants (i.e. SNVs, INDELS and SVs) as input to a deep neural network (an autoencoder architecture) to learn an unsupervised latent representation of the data. AD subtypes will be identified within this reduced space and characterized using, demographics and clinical data. We will then contrast each subtype with the control groups to identify subtype relevant variants (i.e. putative subtype biomarkers), which will be used as input features to a gradient boosted tree model, to generate a subtype predictive model and subtype specific features.Planned collaboration. Each member of the team will devote effort in specific areas of investigation, nevertheless, all the team members will discuss, through regular meeting, individual progress and potential challenges. In particular, Dr Coppola (Research Scientist, Department of Pathology, Yale University, USA), together with Dr Dean Palejev (Associate Professor, GATE Institute, Sofia University, Bulgaria) will be involved in the deep learning model generation and validation, and subtype identification; Dr Fredrik Johansson (Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology. Sweden), will work on the supervised machine learning model; Dr Alexander Schliep, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Gothenburg, Sweden), will work on the SVs inference.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical manifestations and rate of progression. The heterogeneity of AD has complicated both clinical trial design and outcomes, and thus the need for better models of AD, and/or better strategies for selection of participants into specic clinical trials is evident. The identication of more homogeneous disease subgroups (i.e. AD subtypes) will improve our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms, enable us to predict disease trajectory and develop new disease-modifying treatments. We will use a comprehensive set of genetic variants in combination with deep learning algorithms to identify AD subtypes. Subtypes will be characterized using clinical and demographic data. Finally, variants specic to each cluster will be identied and used to train a predictive machine-learning model to classify new individuals.
Investigator:
Jun, Gyungah
Institution:
Boston University School of Medicine
Project Title:
AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease): Ultrascale Machine Learning to Empower Discovery in Alzheimer’s Disease Biobanks
Date of Approval:
January 12, 2021
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify AD genotypes and endophenotypes that dissect AD’s heterogeneity; 2) relate said genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data. The goals of this multisite initiative (Paul Thompson, USC; Christos Davatzikos, Li Shen, Penn; Andy Saykin, IU; Heng Huang, Pitt, Paul Crane, UW; Adam Brickman, Columbia; Tim Hohman, Vanderbilt; Guyngah Jun, BU; Duygu Tosun, UCSF; Alexander Zaranek, Curii) leverage the promise of machine learning (ML) to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments. We will develop ML and deep learning methods to apply to large scale biobanks of whole genome sequences (WGS), neuroimaging, cognitive, and clinical data, aiming to discover new genomic features that influence biological processes of AD. We will apply methods of genome representation and tiling to WGS repositories to create inputs for AI methods. We will develop novel, interpretable, biological knowledge guided deep learning methods to discover genomic motifs associated with AD, AD risk, and biological processes of AD as defined by NIA-AA criteria. To quantify subtypes and disentangle biological processes of AD, we will apply computational methods to multimodal MRI and amyloid- and tau-sensitive PET to stratify and subtype patient groups; novel imaging genomics methods will detect genomic markers and pathways that modulate the developing pathology as detected in the images, and that predict future clinical decline or resilience. We hypothesize that advanced deep learning methods combined with whole genome data will outperform traditional methods and GWAS for predicting AD onset and progression, and will assist with disease subtyping and discovering treatable targets in the genome. A team will rank and repurpose existing, and identify novel drugs and targets in the genome based on the discovered genetic motifs affecting AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to extensive and rich genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify genotypes and endophenotypes of AD that dissect the heterogeneity of the disease; 2) relate these genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression, in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD, by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data at a previously impossible scale. Collectively, the goals of this highly collaborative multi-site initiative leverage the promise of machine learning to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments.
Investigator:
Kamboh, M. Ilyas
Institution:
University of Pittsburgh
Project Title:
Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease and Endophenotypes
Date of Approval:
January 7, 2025
Request status:
Expired
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives: We are requesting access to the NIAGADS datasets to augment our ongoing studies on the genetics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD-related endophenotypes being carried out by Kamboh and his group since 1995. We are doing GWAS using array genotypes, whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing on datasets derived from University of Pittsburgh ADRC and ancillary population-based longitudinal studies on dementia and biomarkers. Different available phenotypes include AD and non-AD dementia, age-at-set, disease progression and survival, neuroimaging, cognitive decline, plasma biomarkers for the core ATN and non-ATN pathologies. We also plan to expand on gene-gene interaction and sex-stratified analyses which require the actual genotype data. The NIAGADS datasets will be used for replication and meta-analysis, and for gene-gene interaction and sex-stratified analyses. Study Design: A case-control design will incorporate a diverse cohort of individuals with AD and age-matched controls. For quantitative traits (neuroimaging and plasma biomarkers, cognitive performance measures, indicators of disease progression), linear regression analyses will be performed to identify genetic loci. To ensure the findings are robust and inclusive, participants from diverse demographic backgrounds will be included, enabling the exploration of potential genetic variations across populations. Analysis Plan: We will conduct GWAS and targeted analyses on candidate genes on different AD and AD-related phenotypes. Primary phenotypic variables include AD disease status, age-at-onset, last age for controls, APOE genotype, cognitive decline trajectories, sex, and race. Analyses will evaluate the influence of specific genetic variants on disease risk, cognitive performance, and biomarker levels, considering both individual and interactive effects of the APOE genotype. Results will be adjusted for potential confounders, such as demographic factors, to ensure valid associations. Detail analytical methods are described in our published papers for case-control (PMID: 32651314;35694926), quantitative traits (PMID: 30361487;37666928), and cognitive decline (PMID: 37089073; 30954325).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Our research group at the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt), has been working on the genetics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD-related endophenotypes for almost three decades, on data derived largely from the University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and ancillary dementia studies. We are requesting access to the NIAGADS genotype and phenotype datasets to augment our sample size to increase power to detect novel genetic associations with AD and related endophenotypes.
Investigator:
Klein, Robert
Institution:
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Project Title:
Polygenic risk for dementia with Lewy bodies
Date of Approval:
October 24, 2025
Request status:
Approved
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is an understudied Alzheimer’s-related dementia characterized neuropathologically by the accumulation of Lewy bodies in the brain. Like other dementias, definitive diagnosis can only be made upon autopsy after death, though numerous clinical features such as visual hallucinations, Parkinsonism, and REM sleep behavior disorder are associated with the condition. DLB is thought to account for approximately 5% of dementia diagnoses. A major barrier to understanding the natural history and pathology of this condition is the lack of definitive diagnoses that can be made during a patient’s lifetime.Recently, a polygenic risk score (PRS) was developed that can help identify people at higher risk of developing DLB based on their genetic profile (Chia et al, 2021). Intriguingly, the genetic variants associated with DLB identified in this study are also associated with risk of either Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease, consistent with other observations that have identified pathological features in DLB similar to those two.This study will examine the association of the DLB polygenic risk score with various phenotypic measures in the ADSP. The goal of this analysis is to determine if specific features are enriched in people with a high propensity for DLB based on genetics. To the extent that these people have another diagnosed dementia, this would suggest the possibility of a misdiagnosis. Specifically, we will examine individuals whose data is shared through the NIA’s NIAGADS Data Sharing Service.For each individual, we will compute the DLB PRS previously described [3]. We will then ask if the score correlates with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, presence of amyloid, Braak stage, or Parkinson’s Disease Braak stage. We will also look at subsets of the DLB PRS consisting only of SNPs associated with Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is an understudied dementia with features similar to both Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Recent studies have developed a polygenic risk score that can predict who is at higher risk of DLB on the basis of their genetics. Genetic factors in this score have also been associated with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Here we will ask how the DLB risk score correlates with Alzheimer’s diagnosis and various features of the brains of people with Alzheimer’s to better understand the relationship between DLB, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s.
Investigator:
Knowles, David
Institution:
New York Genome Center
Project Title:
Learning the Regulatory Code of Alzheimer's Disease Genomes
Date of Approval:
December 20, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Our overarching objective is to apply machine learning techniques to predict and interpret the functional effects of genetic variants including Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs), indels and Structural Variants (SVs) from AD WGS data at the levels of DNA regulation and RNA processing, and link these effects directly to pathways and network context. We will leverage WGS generated by the ADSP and others together with harmonized endophenotypes and clinical data, multi-omics data from the AMP-AD, functional genomics data from Roadmap Epigenomics, PsychENCODE and GTEx Projects, and microglia and monocytes specific transcriptomic and single-cell RNA-seq data sets. Our central hypothesis is that many AD-associated genetic risk or protective variants influence pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, resulting in changes to gene expression and cellular pathways/networks, and ultimately contribute to protein aggregation in AD. The objective of this aim is to leverage deep-learning-based models capable of predicting functional effects of genomic variants on pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation. We will train existing and novel sequence-based deep learning models of epigenomic state and RNA regulation and processing specific to AD-relevant cell types and states. in silico mutagenesis under these trained models will be used to calculate functional impact “delta scores” for every SNV, indel and structural variants (SV) detected from AD WGS. We will use these delta scores to empower non-coding rare variant tests of association with AD at the regulatory region, gene and pathway levels. We will conduct functional fine-mapping through the integration of (i) the CNN delta scores (ii-iii) expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (eQTL and sQTL), (iv) AD endophenotypes and (v) multi-ethnic AD WGS data. We will use probabilistic ML methods, combined with cell-type-specific and single-cell RNA-seq datasets, to build gene regulatory networks. This NIH funded project is a close collaboration with Dr. Towfique Raj at Mount Sinai Medical School.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Despite decades of research and enormous investment, no disease-modifying treatment is available for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Combining population-scale data collection, human genetics and machine learning provide a way forward to uncover and characterize new causal cellular processes involved in AD. Effectively integrating diverse genomic data to better understand AD represents a substantial computational challenge, both in terms of data scale and analysis complexity. We will train machine learning models to predict epigenomic signals from the genomic sequences to estimate the functional impact of any genetic variant. These analyses will highlight variants and genes involved in AD. However, genes do not operate in a vacuum so robust machine learning will be used to learn cell-type and disease- specific networks. Such pathways will be prime candidates for future functional and therapeutic studies of AD.
Investigator:
Konermann, Silvana
Institution:
Arc institute
Project Title:
Modeling Alzheimer’s disease risk and associated molecular phenotypes
Date of Approval:
August 8, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The objective of the proposed research is to determine the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) genetic risk and associated molecular phenotypes. Genotype data will be used to compute a polygenic risk score (PRS) for disease-affected and control (non-disease-affected) participants. Statistical regression and mediation analyses will be used to model variation of molecular phenotypes with respect to PRS and, where available, pathology stage or cognitive impairment. Molecular phenotypes to be analyzed include bulk/single-cell/single-nucleus transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, metabolome, lipidome, amyloid, and tau. Molecular phenotypes of participants, including controls, will be matched with molecular phenotypes of in vitro cellular models, informing the design of in vitro perturbation experiments that recapitulate the genetic drivers of AD risk.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Our goal is to determine the relationship between human genetic profiles associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk and specific measurable characteristics of human cells. Using multiple statistical analysis methods, we will build quantitative models that describe how those characteristics vary as a function of AD genetic risk. The models we build will help us design in vitro cellular systems that reflect different levels of AD risk, enabling experiments that inform new strategies for treating or preventing AD.
Investigator:
Kulminski, Alexander
Institution:
Duke University
Project Title:
ApoE2 and protective molecular signatures in Alzheimer’s disease and aging
Date of Approval:
November 20, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective: to identify personalized polygenic profiles, comprised of the APOE e2 allele, other SNPs in the APOE region, and SNPs spread through the entire genome, with stronger protection in aging and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) framework, and identify the role of AD risk factors in these profiles using ADSP and 10 more studies. Study design: Aim 1 will identify molecular signatures of aging-related traits (AD, cardiovascular diseases, longevity, etc.), defined as differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns between affected and unaffected subjects using methods of LD analysis. In Aim 2 we will dissect heterogeneity in the molecular signatures using methods of stratification analyses. We will examine the impact of age at onset, sex, race/ethnicity, Braak stage, AD risk factors (diabetes, lipids, hypertension, body mass index, education), and other factors. Aim 3 will identify personalized polygenic profiles of aging-related traits using traditional and advanced bio-demographic methods. In Aim 4 we will perform bioinformatics analysis and characterize transcription pathways using summary statistics and individual-level data from the expression quantitative trait loci studies. In some cases, we may need to pool several datasets to increase power of the analyses in a mega sample. This will be done by pooling individuals’ records for genotypes and selected phenotypes described above from different studies. This pooling will not create any additional risks to participants because neither genetic nor phenotypic information for the same individual will increase. This research is consistent with data use restrictions for ADSP. We will not conduct non-genetic research, will not investigate individual pedigree structures, population origins, ancestry, individual participant genotypes, perceptions of racial/ethnic identity, variables that could be considered as stigmatizing an individual or group, or issues such as non-maternity. The research is designed to protect data confidentiality and follow local and institutional policies and procedures for data handling. The results of this research will be broadly shared with the scientific community.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Increasing population of the elderly individuals worldwide raises serious concerns about burden of geriatric conditions in future, especially Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, and other common aging-related diseases. These diseases can cluster in families suggesting that they can have genetic origin. Understanding their genetic origin could lead to breakthrough in preventing or curing such diseases. Despite continuing efforts, understanding their genetic basis remains very limited. Particular problem is to better understand genetic basis of Alzheimer’s disease, its relationship to other aging-related diseases, and identify genetic variants which could help protect against such diseases. This project focuses on identifying personalized polygenic profiles involving the Alzheimer’s disease protective genetic variant, so-called APOE e2 allele, which could strengthen protective effects against Alzheimer’s disease and investigate which factors can improve this protection. This research will facilitate the development of interventional strategies aiming to promote healthy aging.
Investigator:
Kulminski, Alexander
Institution:
Duke University
Project Title:
Personalized genetic profiles of risk and resilience in Alzheimer’s and vascular diseases
Date of Approval:
July 15, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective: to identify personalized genetic profiles of risks and resilience to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular diseases in the disease-specific and pleiotropic contexts in prioritized loci leveraging information from the AD-centered pleiotropic meta-analysis planned in this project and previous analyses by our and other research groups, and identify the role of AD risk and other factors in these profiles using ADSP and 13 more studies. Study design: Aim 1 will identify specific and pleiotropic loci for AD and vascular traits from new analyses and the existing publications by: (i) performing pleiotropic genome-wide analysis focused on AD, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and AD risk factors and (ii) identifying promising loci from this analysis and the results of previous analyses by our and other research groups. Aim 2 will dissect heterogeneity leveraging the analysis of molecular signatures defined as differences in linkage disequilibrium patterns in affected and unaffected subjects. Aim 3 will identify personalized genetic profiles of AD-specific and pleiotropic risks and resilience. Aim 4 will leverage biological, bioinformatics, and omics analyses to make sense of statistical inferences. In some cases, we may need to pool several datasets to increase power of the analyses in a mega sample. This will be done by pooling individuals’ records for genotypes and selected phenotypes described above from different studies. This pooling will not create any additional risks to participants because neither genetic nor phenotypic information for the same individual will increase. This research is consistent with data use restrictions for ADSP. We will not conduct non-genetic research, will not investigate individual pedigree structures, population origins, ancestry, individual participant genotypes, perceptions of racial/ethnic identity, variables that could be considered as stigmatizing an individual or group, or issues such as non-maternity. The research is designed to protect data confidentiality and follow local and institutional policies and procedures for data handling. The results of this research will be broadly shared with the scientific community.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Increasing population of the elderly individuals worldwide raises serious concerns about burden of geriatric conditions in future, especially Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, and other common aging-related diseases. These diseases can cluster in families suggesting that they can have genetic origin. Understanding their genetic origin could lead to breakthrough in preventing or curing such diseases. Despite continuing efforts, understanding their genetic basis remains very limited. Particular problem is to better understand genetic basis of Alzheimer’s disease, its relationship to other aging-related diseases, and identify genetic variants which could help protect against such diseases. This project focuses on identifying personalized genetic profiles of risk and resilience to AD and vascular diseases. This research will facilitate the development of interventional strategies aiming to promote healthy aging.
Investigator:
Lai, Dongbing
Institution:
Indiana University School of Medicine
Project Title:
Evaluating the genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia
Date of Approval:
March 17, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The estimated heritability of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) is ~60%-80%. Except AOPE, most ADRD genes have small effects but their effects can be collectively measured by using polygenic scores (PGS). For PGS having high predictability, they can be used to identify high-risk individuals before they show any symptoms thereby early intervention programs can be applied to prevent ADRD or delay the onset . In addition, for PGS with high predictability, genetic variants included in calculating them are likely to be ADRD related hence PGS provide another way to identify ADRD associated genes, especially those having small effects and thus are not genome-wide significant. The objectives of this study are deriving PGS for ADRD with high predictability and using PGS to understand the genetic mechanisms of ADRD in diverse populations. We will use publicly available large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADRD as the discovery datasets. The requested datasets will be used as the target datasets. Different PGS programs/pipelines, including those developed by us will be evaluated to identify the one with the best performance. Furthermore, we will use the requested datasets to develop methods to adjust for the genotyping platforms/batches effects in different datasets as well as population stratification, with the goal to harmonize PGS distributions and thus uniform PGS thresholds to define high/low risk in different datasets can be determined. Additionally, we will evaluate the effects of imputation quality on PGS calculation by comparing PGS calculated using imputation dosages and genotypes obtained by whole genome sequence. Cox proportional hazard model or logistic regression will be used with sex as a covariate. We will also perform sex stratified analyses as ADRD having different prevalence in males and females. For the PGS that have high predictability, we will perform fine mapping to identify genes impacted by genetic variants included in calculating PGS. Then network and pathway analyses will be performed to elucidate the genetic mechanism of ADRD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Genetics factors play significant roles in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD). Most ADRD genes have small effects and individually they cannot be used to predict ADRD risk. However, their effects can be collectively measured by using polygenic scores (PGS). Furthermore, if PGS have high predictability, then genes included in calculating PGS are likely to be ADRD related; therefore, PGS can also be used to identify ADRD genes and understand the genetic mechanism of ADRD. In this study, we will systematically evaluate the performance of different PGS programs to identify the one with the best performance. We will also develop methods to adjust for the genotyping platforms/batches effects and genetic ancestries, Additionally, as many genetic variants are imputed, we will evaluate the effects of imputation quality on PGS predictability. Our goals are to derive PGS that can be used to identify high risk individuals for ADRD hence early intervention can be applied, and to understand the genetic mechanisms of ADRD thereby novel therapeutic strategies can be developed.
Investigator:
Lambert, Jean-Charles
Institution:
Institut Pasteur de Lille
Project Title:
Searching for Alzheimer-related genetic variants and genes
Date of Approval:
December 3, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The purpose of this study is to find new Alzheimer related variants and genes, by combining exome and genome data from healthy controls and Alzheimer patients from different studies. Data will be analyzed using association, burden and variance component statistics.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Some individuals develop dementia, while others do not. A large part is likely determined by ones genes, Alzheimer’s disease has a heritability of up to 80%. What are the key genetic factors that determine if one will get Alzheimer's disease ? In this study, we will thoroughly explore genomic data of a large group of healthy persons and dementia patients to answer this question.
Investigator:
Landman, Bennett
Institution:
Vanderbilt University
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
August 18, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology. Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Lange, Christoph
Institution:
Harvard University
Project Title:
FBAT-approaches for region-based analysis, using haplotype information, meta analysis approaches of Alzheimer's disease studies and developmentof Polygenic risk score models for Alzheimer's disease
Date of Approval:
September 5, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Using the haplotype-algorithm for FBAT, we will develop a general testing framework that will allow for the implementation of region-based association tests, e.g. SKAT, burden, multi-variate and, using a permutation approach, the calculation of exact p-values. All association test statistics will be computed based on the exact genetic variance/ covariance matrix. Permutation/ simulation-based p-values are obtained using our new haplotype-algorithm. We will also develop higher criticism approaches for the region-based association analysis of the AD samples. Recent developments in theoretical statistics have shown that higher criticism approaches are, by far, the most powerful statistical techniques to detect association signals in very spare data, for instance rare variant WGS data. In the framework that we developed for the previous funding cycle, the higher criticism approaches will be implemented based on the exact genetic exact variance/ covariance matrix. Permutation/ simulation-based p-values will be obtained using our haplotype-algorithm.We will also develop meta-analysis approaches to combine locus-specific and region-based association findings for AD across studies.Using reported association findings in the literature, we will develop polygenic risk score models/ integrated risk models that are based on the methodology of marker assisted selection, and evaluate their performance in terms of prediction of AD in simulation studies.We will evaluate all of our approaches by application to the requested data set (NG00067).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We will develop haplotype-based approaches for the region-based analysis of WGS data in family-based designs for Alzheimer's Disease. We will develop meta-analysis approaches to aggregate locus specific and region-based associations with Alzheimer's Disease across studies. Furthermore, we will develop polygenic risk score/ integrated risk model approaches that model age-at-onset and non-affection status as the primary phenotype for AD, thereby achieving better performances than standard approaches.
Investigator:
Leavitt, Blair
Institution:
University of British Columbia
Project Title:
Targeted analysis of non-coding variants in Alzheimer’s Disease
Date of Approval:
October 24, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Background The gene progranulin is critical for maintenance of brain health. Progranulin is thought to regulate components of the autophagic/lysosomal pathway. Normal expression of progranulin is needed to prevent neurodegenerative disease caused by aberration in this pathway. Mutations that disrupt the function of progranulin cause Frontotemporal Dementia, while mutations that reduce progranulin expression are thought to increase risk for the development of Alzheimer’s disease. However, mutations that reduce progranulin expression remain to be fully characterized.Objectives This research project seeks to evaluate the effect of variation in progranulin’s regulatory regions on the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. In doing so, we hope to uncover novel Alzheimer’s risk variants and broaden the current understanding of the role of progranulin in Alzheimer’s disease.Study Design The first phase of this study involves the computational prediction of thousands of variants with the potential to alter progranulin expression. Briefly, transcription factor ChIP-seq data and transcription factor binding site sequence information has been utilized to identify regions within the progranulin gene where variation is expected to alter transcription factor binding. Variation in these transcriptionally active ‘regulatory’ sites is expected to modify progranulin expression. We will query these regulatory sites in Alzheimer’s patient and control genomes to identify novel variants that are associated with increased or decreased risk of Alzheimer’s. Variants of interest will be further characterized to determine the effect of the variant on progranulin expression.Analysis Plan We will assess enrichment of the most common variants (MAF > 0.005) by chi-squared test. Since most of the variants are thought to be rare, enrichment for these variants will be assessed using a rare variant association test called the Optimized Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT-O). Our primary analysis will assess whether any variants are enriched in case or control populations. Subsequently, we intend to evaluate if any variants are capable of modifying age of onset or symptom severity.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Maintenance of brain health during aging is a complicated process, involving many players. One such player is a protein called progranulin. Progranulin works to regulate components of the waste disposal system inside brain cells. Without enough functional progranulin, the waste builds up in brain cells and causes dementia. In fact, progranulin mutations are a common genetic cause of Frontotemporal Dementia. Furthermore, some progranulin mutations are thought to increase risk for the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Despite progranulin’s important role in maintaining brain health during aging, we still do not know much about the role of progranulin mutations in Alzheimer’s. To address this knowledge gap, we intend to perform the most comprehensive search to date for progranulin mutations that increase risk for Alzheimer’s. Any progranulin mutations that appear to increase risk for Alzheimer’s will be characterized further. Ultimately, this study seeks to expand our current understanding of the role of progranulin in the development of Alzheimer’s disease.
Investigator:
Lee, Jonghun
Institution:
TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LTD
Project Title:
Identification of genetic risks and potential target for stratified Alzheimer's disease patient groups
Date of Approval:
October 24, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The goal of analyzing ADSP umbrella cohort data is identifying variants, genes and pathways associated to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and stratifying patients by genetic risks. Following describes procedure.1) Identification and validation of genetic risks The whole genome and whole exome sequencing data will be analyzed to identify genetic variants or genes associated to phenotypes in case-control cohort, such as AD status and Braak stages. Several methods will be applied, such as VEP [William McLaren et al, 2016], LOFTEE [Karczewski, 2015] and PEXT scoring [Beryl B.C et al., 2020] for variant annotation and SAIGE-GENE [Wei Zhou et al., 2020], and KGWAS [Kexin Huang 2024] for the association test. The association will be tested for other endophenotypes such as cognitive scores and brain volumes that available in subset of the cohort. Replication and meta-analysis will be conducted on UK biobank and Tohoku medical megabank organization (ToMMo) cohort data. The ToMMo data consists of Japanese cohort so that we can analyze the effect of the variants among multi ethnic groups.2) Patient stratification in ADSP cohort Leveraging the increased sample size, we will stratify the cohort by genetic risks such as ApoE types, or phenotypes such as Braak stages, and compare the effect size of variants or genes among the patient groups. In addition, the genetic risk score (GRS) will be calculated using LDpred2 [Florian Prive, 2020], RapidoPGS [Guillermo Reales, 2020], and PRSice2 [Choi, S.W., 2020], and validated in independent cohorts and compared to available clinical endophenotypes. Then we will search the effect of the GRS to extensive phenotypes in UK biobank and ToMMo. Last, the NG00130 proteome will be used for unsupervised classification of patients. Overlapping the protein signature-based groups with genetic signals, we’ll find casual pathologic pathways and targets for each subgroups.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The aim of our study is identifying variants or genes potentially causal of the Alzheimer’s disease in whole or subset of patients. To be specific, WES and WGS data will be analyzed to investigate common and rare variants associated with disease status and intermediate phenotypes. In addition, the patients will be stratified and sub-grouped by their genetic and proteomic signatures. Last, we will incorporate other large biobanks such as UK biobank or ToMMo to investigate the genetic effects to extensive phenotypes potentially linked to symptoms appearing in sub patient groups.
Investigator:
Lee, Kun Ho
Institution:
Chosun University
Project Title:
Alzheimer's disease(AD) subtype analysis using genome sequencing data
Date of Approval:
November 26, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives of the Proposed Research Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common degenerative disease, causing irreversible dementia. Early diagnosis is difficult due to a long asymptomatic period and requires invasive, expensive procedures. A screening method to classify high-risk groups for early AD diagnosis is needed. Study Design Early AD risk prediction can use genomic variants like the Polygenic Risk Score (PRS), which predicts high-risk groups but shows performance differences due to genetic heterogeneity and ethnic specificity. To address this, ethnicity-specific analysis is considered and validated with different ethnic datasets. This study aims to develop Korea-specific PRS models for early AD risk prediction using genomic data from a Korean cohort and the ADSP. Trans-ethnic genomic data will be created by combining GARD and ADSP data, including African American (AA), non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), and East Asian (EA) data. Cross-validation (CV) analysis will divide data into training and test sets. Genomic variants' importance (e.g., p-values, BLUP) will be calculated, and selected variants applied to PRS. PRS models will be evaluated using CV-divided test data to select the best model. Trans-ethnic and ethnicity-specific PRS models will be validated using reserved validation data. Analysis Plan The proposal aims to identify ethnicity differences in genomic prediction built with Caucasian-centric GWA SNVs and improve the model for trans-ethnic groups, particularly East Asians. A Bayesian machine learning approach transfers genetic risk model knowledge from the NHW dataset to other ethnic groups for better accuracy. Genotype datasets from all ancestry groups are used together. Instead of trans-ethnic meta-analysis, the approach by Gim et al. is adopted. Each ethnic group dataset is divided for cross-validation. Training datasets are analyzed to evaluate p-values and BLUP of SNVs. Summary statistics are used to build the prediction model and apply nested-CV for model selection. The best model for each ethnic group is tested using the test dataset. Data is analyzed similarly by learning from ethnic-specific variants and building a prediction model with the new method.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is irreversible once symptoms appear. A long asymptomatic period of AD complicates early diagnosis requiring invasive and costly procedures like CSF extraction or PET scans. Therefore, a screening method to identify high-risk groups for early AD diagnosis is necessary.One approach uses the Polygenic Risk Score (PRS), which calculation is based on multiple genomic variants associated with AD. However, PRS predictions vary significantly (60-80%) due to genetic heterogeneity and ethnic specificity. Thus, data from multiple ethnicities must be analyzed. Although Asia accounts for over 50% of global dementia cases, most large-scale AD cohorts are predominantly White, lacking studies on Asians.This study aims to develop trans-ethnic and ethnicity-specific PRS models for early AD risk prediction using genomic data from the GARD cohort, centered on Koreans, and the ADSP, which includes various European ethnicities. It investigates AD’s genetic heterogeneity due to ethnic differences and proposes methods to adjust for variability.
Investigator:
Li, Qingqin
Institution:
Janssen Research & Development, LLC
Project Title:
Target identification and validation in Alzheimer’s Disease with Whole-Genome and Whole-Exome Sequence Data
Date of Approval:
March 31, 2023
Request status:
Closed
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Aim 1: Identify novel genes and replicate existing gene associations for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aim 1a: Common variant genome-wide association analysis. With this approach, we will leverage existing consortium GWAS summary statistics where makes sense (or request leave-one/N summary association statistics out if we see a need to use a different version of phenotype definition from the same cohort) and augment them with additional datasets available internally. Aim 1b: Rare variant gene-level genetic burden analysis. Using the ADSP analysis pipeline, we will aim to use the same analysis pipeline (but reserve the option to use an alternative pipeline) to contribute the whole genome sequencing (WGS) data generated from the internal galantamine samples to ADSP-led consortium analysis. We will perform case-control and/or family-based genetic analyses and/or quantitative trait genetic analyses using AD traits such as diagnosis, age of onset, amyloid positivity, tau positivity, CSF biomarker endophenotypes, disease progression, etc. (where the phenotype is available) as the outcome of interest. Covariates include age, sex, and principal components. ADSP, UKB, and FinnGen will be analyzed separately and combined with a meta-analysis. Biobank cases will be defined using ICD-9/ICD-10 codes, and proxy cases and controls will be carefully defined using questionnaire data on the parental history of AD. Both true and proxy cases will be considered to maximize the number of AD cases. Aim 2: Prioritize novel gene associations identified in Aim 1. We will perform genetic fine-mapping and leverage tissue and cell-type specific datasets (e.g. GTEx, AD Knowledge Portal including AMP-AD, internal datasets, MiGA, Harari et al snRNA-Seq) to prioritize targets for further functional and analytical interrogation. Furthermore, multi-omics-based network approaches will be used to identify disease-related molecular modules and tissue-specific regulatory circuits. Aim 3: utilize single-nuclei sequencing data to more fully catalog cell type heterogeneity in the brains of individuals with AD and how this differs from brain from uninjured, cognitively unimpaired individuals.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder with a strong genetic component with heritability estimates ranging from 58–79% for late-onset AD and over 90% for early-onset AD. To date, there is only one approved treatment option intended to mediate the disease progression of AD, while all others treat symptoms associated with AD. Genetic association studies are important to highlight key biological mechanisms contributing to the etiology of AD and provide insights into potential pathways that can ultimately be targeted for future therapeutic development. The aim of this study is to perform a retrospective analysis of genetic data collected from large-scale population-based and case-control cohorts including the UK Biobank, the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), FinnGen, and Janssen internal cohorts. We will also integrate them with available multi-modal datasets including but not limited to, Microglia Genomic Atlas, Harari et al snRNA-Seq, and neuroimaging data to identify novel and existing evidence for genetic determinants of AD.
Investigator:
Li, Victor On-Kwok
Institution:
the University of Hong Kong
Project Title:
Identification of early biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
Date of Approval:
July 25, 2023
Request status:
Closed
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Project Title: Identification of early biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)(1) Objectives of the proposed research This research project aims to develop a data-driven causal graph framework for the identification of biomarkers for the early detection of subjects who may potentially develop Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), while accounting for potential confounders, including genetic, sociodemographic, environmental, clinical, and behavioral factors.(2) Study designWe will use machine learning techniques to identify biomarkers, such as mutations in the blood, which are highly correlated with the onset of AD. Then we use a causal AI technique to identify the most causal of such biomarkers. Our hypothesis is that these most causal biomarkers can be used to identify presymptomatic subjects who may potentially develop AD. We track such presymptomatic subjects who eventually develop AD to test our hypothesis. (3) Analysis planThis is an interdisciplinary project, marrying AI and neuroscience. We develop a framework that utilizes AI and big-data to speed up the search for the early biomarkers, by incorporating domain knowledge on the complex causal pathological pathways and co-morbidities.We shall evaluate sociodemographic, environmental, clinical, and behavioral factors in association with genetic variants.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Identification of early biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) This will proceed in two stages. First we will use artificial intelligence techniques to identify biomarkers, such as mutations in the blood, which are highly correlated with the onset of AD. The top such markers will then be tracked. Our hypothesis is that these top markers will be able to detect the early onset of AD in presymptomatic subjects. We track presymptomatic subjects who eventually develop AD to test our hypothesis.
Investigator:
Lichtarge, Olivier
Institution:
Baylor College of Medicine
Project Title:
Integrating the impact of exome variations
Date of Approval:
July 15, 2025
Request status:
Approved
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Technical Research Use Statement:
BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVES: Our group developed a method to estimate the impact of missense mutations, that we call the “Action” of missense mutations. This method is better than current state-of-the-art approaches at matching experimental data on mutational loss of function, not just in our own controls but also in blind competitions assessed objectively by independent judges (CAGI 2011, and 2012-13). When we used Action on head and neck cancer patient data (TCGA) we obtained significant separation of patient survival among those with a high Action and those with a low Action in somatic TP53 mutations. However, mutations in other genes may also correlate with patient outcome, such as the mutations of IDH1 in glioblastomas (Nobusawa et al., Clin Cancer Res, 2009). Therefore, we plan to integrate mutation impact information over the human proteome and identify how severely they affect the pathways associated with each cancer type. In addition, we like to test the same principles in data from complex diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease. To do so, we developed a network diffusion method that uses current information of protein interactions (in a physical or broader sense) in order to project the dysfunction of a protein to its near neighbors (Lisewski et.al., Physica A, 2010). Putting these together, our hypothesis is that the diffusion of Action to the human protein network can identify novel Alzheimer’s disease-associated genes and provide a better stratification of patient outcome. STUDY DESIGN, ANALYSIS PLAN: To test our hypothesis we need to access “Individual germline variant data” of patients. For each individual, we will score the germline missense mutations by Action and treat it as the potential dysfunction on the protein. Then, we will diffuse this action over the network and measure the effect on each gene and on each pathway. When we compare these data to those from healthy individuals (1000 Genomes Project), i) we can identify genes associated to each disease and ii) the pathways that affect mostly the disease, and iii) measure the severity of the mutational damage to these genes or pathways. USE RESTRICTIONS: We will follow all restrictions described.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
My group is interested in developing computational tools that predict i) disease-associated genes, ii) disease-causing mutations, and iii) the impact of an individual’s mutations to the phenotype. We make these predictions by comparing the mutational patterns of the cases with those expected either by random chance or given the purifying section observed in human polymorphisms. Here, we request access to the database of the NIA Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS) Data Sharing Service (DSS), in order to obtain protein mutation data from patients and healthy individuals.
Investigator:
Lin, Honghuang
Institution:
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
Project Title:
Assessing Alzheimer’s disease risk and heterogeneity using multimodal machine learning approaches
Date of Approval:
August 12, 2025
Request status:
Approved
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The objective of this study is to develop machine learning models using genetic and phenotype data from the NIAGADS database https://dss.niagads.org/. We will develop both unsupervised and supervised learning models to characterize the heterogeneity and risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This is an MPI study in collaboration with Dr. Anita DeStefano at Boston University School of Public Health.For the first aim, we will build an expandable multimodal unsupervised machine learning framework to investigate AD heterogeneity. We will perform AD subtyping by harnessing the rich multimodality information across a wide spectrum of data (e.g., genetics, images and blood biomarkers). A Bayesian kernel network will be built to estimate the relative weight of each individual data modality, which would also allow the addition of new data modalities as they become available. The analyses will be performed both within and between ethnic populations.For the second aim, we will build an expandable multimodal supervised machine learning framework to quantify AD risk from longitudinal follow-up of clinically normal elders. We will build a separate deep learning network for each data modality in consideration of its unique feature sets. A multiplicative strategy will then be taken to aggregate information from different modalities with weighted contributions. Feature selection will also be performed to identify the most informative features predictive of AD risk.For the third aim, we will build AD-related gene regulatory networks in post-mortem human brain samples. We will examine the association of multi-omics data with AD, which will be used to assign gene priority based on the combinatorial evidence from each type of omics data. A gene ontology-guided greedy search strategy will then be implemented to build gene regulatory networks, and identify key drivers that might be potential therapeutic targets for AD. The analyses will be stratified by ethnic populations and AD phenotypic clusters.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function. There are very limited treatment options for AD. For the current application, we seek to develop multimodal machine learning models by leveraging the rich collection of AD-related omics data and phenotypical data recently generated from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP). Three aims will be pursued in the current application. For Aim 1, we will build an expandable multimodal unsupervised machine learning framework to investigate AD heterogeneity. For Aim 2, we will build an expandable multimodal supervised machine learning framework to quantify AD risk from longitudinal follow up of cognitively normal elders. For Aim 3, we will build AD-related gene interaction networks in post-mortem human brain samples. The present application represents an innovative approach to identify individuals at high risk of AD. The outlined strategy will provide new insights into the risk stratification and prevention strategies for AD.
Investigator:
Liu, Qian
Institution:
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Project Title:
Multi-faceted genomic and epigenomic profiling in Alzheimer's disease using Oxford Nanopore sequencing
Date of Approval:
December 4, 2025
Request status:
Approved
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives: This project aims to investigate structural variants (SVs) and DNA methylation patterns that may contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by leveraging the strengths of both long-read and short-read sequencing technologies. Both genomic variations, such as single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and SVs, and epigenomic variants, such as 5-methylcytosine (5mC), may spontaneously contribute significantly to AD risk. Although previous studies have identified AD-associated SNVs and differential methylation, their ability to resolve complex genomic regions—especially repetitive sequences, which constitute over 50% of the human genome is understudied due to the limitations of short-read sequencing. Also, the potential synergy between genetic variants and epigenetic modifications in AD is missing. This study will incorporate long-read technologies to address these issues. Study Design: We will analyze whole-genome sequencing datasets and associated phenotypic data from individuals diagnosed with AD and matched unaffected controls. SVs and DNA methylation events will be identified separately using short-read and long-read data. Long-read sequencing will be prioritized for its superior ability to detect large-scale genomic rearrangements and methylation signals in complex and repetitive regions. The integration of both sequencing technologies will enhance sensitivity, resolution, and accuracy. Analysis Plan: The analysis will include genome-wide detection and annotation of SVs and 5mC methylation, followed by comparative analysis between AD cases and controls. We will detect SVs and 5mC, and identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and AD-linked SV regions (SVRs) in AD patients after considering age and sex. These AD-associated patterns will be annotated with functional genomic elements and evaluate their potential contribution to AD pathogenesis. Finally, we will investigate the co-occurrence (with 100kb separation, adjustable) of SVs and aberrant methylation patterns, aiming to identify synergistic signatures that may improve our understanding of disease mechanisms and inform the development of diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder with a strong genetic contribution (an estimated heritability ranging from 58% to 79%). Existing studies have focused on single-nucleotide variants and structural variants (SVs) and differential DNA methylation using short-read sequencing. However, these approaches are limited in reliably detecting SVs and DNA methylation in repeat regions, which compose >50% of the human genome, due to the limitation of short-read sequencing. Furthermore, the synergy of genomic variants and DNA methylation remains underexplored due to technical challenges. We want to investigate SVs and DNA methylation that is unique in AD patients compared to unaffected controls using long-read sequencing. To enhance the investigation, we will combine the data generated by both long-read sequencing and short-read sequencing. Our research is expected to offer novel insights to advance the understanding of AD development and to improve diagnostic or therapeutic approaches.
Investigator:
Lo, Cecilia
Institution:
University of Pittsburgh
Project Title:
Exploring the shared genetic etiologies of CHD and Alzheimer’s disease
Date of Approval:
October 2, 2023
Request status:
Expired
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects approximately 1% of infants born each year. While CHD was previously fatal, surgical palliation now allows most patients to survive into adulthood. With more adults living with CHD, there is increasing appreciation for continuing health problems among CHD patients, such as high risk for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Recent studies show that APOE modifies neurodevelopmental outcomes in the CHD population (Gaynor JW, J Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, 2014) and that CHD patients have higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease (Bagge CN, Circulation, 2018). We hypothesize that CHD and Alzheimer’s have shared genetic causes and modifiers. Further insights into the genetic causes for CHD and dementia may reveal novel genetic relationships between the two diseases and provide possibilities for improvements in long term neurological outcomes for CHD patients. We have performed whole exome sequencing at 80x coverage on a discovery cohort of over 600 CHD patients recruited at the University of Pittsburgh Children’s Hospital and obtained access to a cohort of ~4000 healthy older individuals sequenced by the Medical Genome Reference Bank (MGRB) for use as population-matched controls. Here we will perform case-control association analysis with human next-generation sequencing data to identify SNVs, indels, and CNVs associated with CHD. We request access to sequencing data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project to perform a separate case-control analysis, comparing the Alzheimer’s cohort to the MGRB controls. We will then compare genes and variants that are significantly associated with each disease to identify shared pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. Processing and statistical analysis will be performed on the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center using GATK, bcftools, PLINK, SKAT, and MAGMA well as custom shell, Python, and R scripts. These studies should help us elucidate the shared genetic etiology of CHD and Alzheimer’s disease. We intend to publish or share any findings from this study with the scientific community by presenting at national scientific meetings.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects approximately 1% of infants born each year. While CHD was previously fatal, surgical palliation now allows most patients to survive into adulthood. With more adults living with CHD, there is increasing appreciation for continuing health problems among CHD patients, such as high risk for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. We hypothesize that CHD and Alzheimer’s have shared genetic causes and modifiers. Further insights into the genetic causes for CHD and dementia may reveal novel genetic relationships between the two diseases and provide possibilities for improvements in long term neurological outcomes for CHD patients. Here we will compare genes and variants that are significantly associated with each disease based on case-control analysis to identify shared pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. In the future, we will study the functional consequences of such mutations using cells and mouse models. These studies should help us to elucidate the shared genetic etiology of CHD and Alzheimer’s disease.
Investigator:
Luo, Sheng
Institution:
Duke University
Project Title:
Integrative multimodal modeling for personalized prediction of Alzheimer's disease progression
Date of Approval:
January 22, 2026
Request status:
Approved
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives of the proposed research In this project, we aim to develop an integrative modeling framework to leverage complex multi-modal data for disease modeling, biomarker discovery, and personalized risk prediction in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, as well as in aging- and vascular-related processes that contribute to cognitive decline.Study design We will analyze data from ADSP, which includes whole-genome sequencing and rich phenotypic information from multiple cohorts encompassing diverse ancestries. Participants with available cognitive assessments, fluid biomarkers, neuropathology, cardiovascular measures, and neuroimaging data will be included. We will use harmonized longitudinal and cross-sectional data across cohorts to enable integrative analyses of genetic, clinical, and imaging measures.Analysis plan Genetic variants, fluid biomarkers, neuropathology measures, cardiovascular risk factors, and neuroimaging-derived features will be jointly analyzed to derive latent disease profiles. We will use advanced statistical approaches, for example, multivariate functional mixed models for longitudinal clinical assessments, nonparametric modeling for imaging data, and factor analysis. The resulting profiles will then be evaluated for associations with cognitive decline and symptom onset, informing predictive models for dynamic risk estimation, biomarker validation, and individualized risk stratification across diverse ancestry groups.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
This project aims to use large-scale genetic, clinical, and imaging data to better understand Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. By integrating information on genes, brain imaging, biomarkers, and health measures, we will identify patterns that indicate early disease, discover new determinants of risk, and predict how cognitive health may change over time. Our approach will also help stratify individuals by risk and improve personalized predictions of disease progression, ultimately supporting earlier interventions and more targeted care for diverse populations.
Investigator:
Ma, Da
Institution:
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Project Title:
Neuroimage Genomic analysis for Alzheimer's Subphenotypes
Date of Approval:
May 8, 2024
Request status:
Expired
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective The objective of the proposed study is to establish the connection between Alzheimer’s Disease-related genomic markers and neuroimaging phenotypes and their association with the clinical onset of dementia. We hypothesize that a) genomic factors are associated with diverse Alzheimer’s Disease-related neuropathological and clinical progression patterns; and b) the genotype-phenotype interaction is dynamic along the Alzheimer’s Disease progression trajectory, which in turn regulates the clinical progression of dementia.Study design We plan to develop data-driven computational models using multi-modal imaging-genomics information, to test these hypotheses with the following two Specific Aims: (1) construct clinically relevant computational neuroimaging-genomic fingerprints to characterize distinctive subtypes of Alzheimer’s Disease neuropathological patterns, and (2) Construct clinically explainable subtype-aware AI models with effective genomic-neuroimaging information fusion to achieve accurate prediction of disease progression of Alzheimer’s Disease.Analysis plan I will construct and validate harmonized models by utilizing the available data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, which is a multi-institutional effort that harmonized phenotypical data of 22k participants collected from 31 AD-related cohorts to produce a large-scale, racially diverse, standardized set of clearly defined data.1. We will develop semi-supervised machine-learning-based classification frameworks to explore the complex genotype-phenotype associations that determine distinctive neuroimaging-based pathological progression patterns.2. We will also develop machine-learning model predictions of future AD-specific neuropathological biomarkers. More specifically, we aim to predict the progression of cortical Aβ levels for identifying pre-symptomatic subjects, and progression of tau levels for symptomatic subjects.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with multiple variations of pathologies that affect the brain function, eventually leading to cognitive decline. Individual variations of our gene might be associated with different subtypes of the disease. Thus, it is important to explore the disease characteristics within the various AD subtypes to achieve personalized diagnosis and precision medicine, and eventually developing effective treatments for AD. The objective of this proposal is to study the connection between AD-related genomic markers and neuroimaging phenotypes and their association with the clinical onset of dementia.
Investigator:
Maillard, Pauline
Institution:
UC Davis
Project Title:
Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
May 16, 2024
Request status:
Expired
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology. Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Malkova, Anna
Institution:
University of Iowa
Project Title:
Micro-homology Templated Insertions in Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
May 8, 2024
Request status:
Expired
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The objective of our research is to characterize genomic rearrangements associated with various human disease including Alzheimer’s. The overarching hypothesis guiding our research is that repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by using ‘risky’ inaccurate pathways can lead to genomic destabilization. Our focus is on two DSB repair pathways: break-induced replication (BIR) and microhomology-mediated BIR (MMBIR). BIR is initiated by a broken DNA end invading into a homologous template followed by extensive DNA synthesis that is highly mutagenic. Interruptions of BIR leads to initiation of MMBIR, a template-switching event that often leads to complex genomic rearrangements and has been linked to neurological conditions and to cancer. The overall goal of our proposed research is to define the molecular mechanisms of MMBIR, and to identify factors that inhibit or promote cells entering into MMBIR.We aim to achieve this using our MMBSearch tool to detect MMBIR events that are often missed by other methods in human WGS analyses. Using MMBSearch we will analyze data from NIAGADS, specifically data on neurological disease associated whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) to detect MMBIR events associated with neurodegenerative disorders.The results of this analyses will be used to determine the frequency of MMBIR in various types of human cells and their association with neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, we will identify chromosomal locations where MMBIR events are especially abundant and specific features in humans that predispose them to MMBIR. We will identify genetic variations predisposing cells to MMBIR, which may uncover that specific SNPs, structural variations, certain gene mutations, etc. are associated with MMBIR events. We specifically hypothesize that mutations in DNA repair, DNA replication, chromatin maintenance, and DNA damage checkpoint genes could promote MMBIR. These studies will shed light on the etiology and mechanism of MMBIR to potentially develop biomarkers for early detection and design targeted therapies to treat human disorders.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The goal of our research is to understand the underlying mechanisms of genomic instability that lead to human disease. In particular, we are interested to investigate the molecular mechanism of an essentially uncharacterized DNA repair pathway, microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR) that has been implicated in DNA mutations and found in a variety of human cancers and in association with neurological diseases. We have recently described a diagnostic pattern of mutations associated with MMBIR using a yeast model, which has allowed us to develop a novel algorithm to search for MMBIR events in sequenced human genomes. We are planning to apply this new algorithm to identify MMBIR events in analyzing human genome databases. The proposed research will allow us to further understand mechanisms of leading to various human diseases including cancer and neurological human diseases and to refine our software that is aimed to detect MMBIR in human genomes. The proposed research will be focused on analyzing the data from NIAGADS database.
Investigator:
Masters, Colin
Institution:
The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne
Project Title:
The Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Flagship Study of Ageing: Detecting and Preventing Alzheimer’s disease: Towards Lifestyle Interventions-Somatic mutation in Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
May 15, 2024
Request status:
Expired
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Project Title: The Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Flagship Study of Ageing: Detecting and Preventing Alzheimer’s disease: Towards Lifestyle Interventions - Somatic mutation in Alzheimer's Disease (sub-project)Objectives -- Somatic Mutation in AD is a project to identify non-congenitally acquired genetic risks associated with disease onset of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Somatic mutation can be any form of alteration in DNA that occur after conception. As opposed to congenital, it’s generally not hereditary unless the germ cells are involved. These alterations can (but do not always) cause disease. We aim to identify somatic variants that contribute to sporadic AD. We believe that the detection of somatic mutations can overcome the flaws of the large genome-wide multiple testing and increase the signal-to-noise ratio to pinpoint the rare genetic determinants that were largely neglected by current genetic association studies.Study design -- We have collected 20 paired human brain microglial DNAs (treated as “tumour”) and whole blood DNAs (treated as “normal”) to call somatic mutations by a tumour-normal mode using a software, MuTect2 (Broad Institute). The sequence has been obtained from the whole genome. Hundreds of rare genetic variants have been identified to connect with AD.Analysis plan -- We’d like to validate our results using datasets like NG00067, NG00105 and NG00106. However, it’s ideal if we could access the alignment data (i.e., BAM files) as well. Because technically somatic calling is not simply a difference between normal (germline) and reference; but also calls for tumour against normal (germline) alongside alignment. MuTect2 is developed to identify somatic mutations. It works with or without matching normal. Once we get access to the alignment data, we will reprocess all samples using the MuTect2 without matching the normal pipeline. We'll call somatic mutations using those datasets and validate the rare genetic determinants that contribute to sporadic AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Somatic Mutation in Alzheimer's disease is a project to identify non-congenitally acquired genetic risks associated disease onset of a sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We believe that detection of somatic mutations can pinpoint the rare genetic determinants that were largely neglected by current genetic association studies. In our pilot study, we have identified hundreds of rare genetic mutations that are strongly associated with AD. We'd like to validate our results using an independent cohort. We plan to reprocess NIH datasets using our own pipeline. But we would need to access the raw data rather than the processed data. This research will greatly accelerate the research on the molecular genetics of AD.
Investigator:
Mather, Karen
Institution:
UNSW Sydney
Project Title:
Investigating the relationships between polygenic risk scores and dementia and cognition across and within populations of different ancestry
Date of Approval:
December 19, 2025
Request status:
Approved
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Background: The Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC) studies the factors linked to cognitive decline and dementia in a diverse range of populations from around the world. COSMIC is headed by the Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Australia (see https://cheba.unsw.edu.au/consortia/cosmic).At present, there is limited knowledge available regarding the genetic factors associated with ageing-related complex phenotypes and diseases in non-European based cohorts, particularly in low- and middle-income countries and whether specific ancestry-based genetic association results are generalizable to populations of other ancestries.In this study, we aim to study the genetic factors associated with dementia and related phenotypes to appraise if they can be used to predict age-related cognitive performance and decline and dementia in a wide range of diverse cohorts. We will use data collected by COSMIC Consortium studies but also from external studies wherever possible. Hence, the application to assess NIAGADS data to include as many ancestry-diverse studies as we can in this work. The data from these cohorts/studies will be analyzed by meta-analysis.Objectives: To assess if dementia/cognitive and other polygenic risk scores (PRS) generated from different ancestries (European, non-European and trans ethnic) predicts age-related cognitive performance and decline and dementia across populations of different ancestries and including studies from low and middle-income countries.Study Design and Analysis Plan: Participants will be adults aged 45 and above without dementia at baseline. Different PRS (constructed using different methods, eg.SBayesRC and using different GWAS p-value thresholds using PLINK) will be undertaken using available GWAS summary statistics. Cognitive data both cross-sectionally and longitudinally will be used where available, with priority given to tests of memory. PRS-cognitive analyses will be performed using appropriate mixed models. Covariates will include age, sex, years of education and any study-specific covariates (e.g. PCs for population stratification).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Most human genetic association studies have been undertaken in populations of European ancestry, despite >75% of the world’s population being of Asian or African ancestry. To date, most genetic variants for dementia have been identified using populations mainly of European ancestry and from high income countries, despite more than ~60% of dementia cases living in low and middle-income countries. In addition, many of the non-white genetic studies have had small sample sizes and lack replication. We need to increase our understanding of the genetic risk for dementia and its related traits in under-represented populations, such as the multi-ethnic cohorts of the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC). The current project aims to examine if polygenic risk scores for dementia, cognitive and other related phenotypes generated from populations of different ancestries predict performance and decline on cognitive tests and incident dementia in older adults from multi-ethnic populations using the COSMIC Consortium and external studies.
Investigator:
Mayeux, Richard
Institution:
Columbia University
Project Title:
Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project
Date of Approval:
July 29, 2022
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
For this study, we will analyze data from whole genome sequencing (WGS) of from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) discovery-replication phase families and independent case control data from ADSP extension study. We will also analyze WGS and whole exome sequencing (WES) data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging (ADNI) study and the ADSP follow-up study (ADSP-FUS) as they become available. The overall goal of this project is to identify and annotate causal variants related to LOAD using sequencing data generated from families multiply affected by the disease and validate the results in independent case-control datasets. Using families as discovery and unrelated individuals as replication and having the ability to genotype additional family members can provide direct evidence of causality by establishing which variants co-segregate in families and are associated in the general population with disease.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Analyses of whole genome, whole exome and targeted resequencing will continue to provide important new information regarding potential risk conferring genes, biochemical pathways involved in Alzheimer's disease and targets that may be suitable for pharmacological manipulation. While whole exome and targeted sequencing are powerful technologies, analysis of whole genomes will provide more information and allow discovery of rare, high risk variants.
Investigator:
McCauley, Jacob
Institution:
University of Miami
Project Title:
Identification of genetic risk factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Hispanic cohort
Date of Approval:
August 25, 2022
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The objective of the proposed research is to elucidate the genetic risk factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in a Hispanic cohort. In order to fulfill this objective, we are requesting access to whole genome sequence (WGS) data for 500 Hispanic controls which were sequenced by the National Human Genome Research Institute as part of the Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project Discovery Case-Control Based Extension Study. More specifically, these data will be combined with WGS data from our Hispanic cohort of ~1600 IBD cases and ~900 controls ascertained through the Crohn's and Colitis Center at the University of Miami in Miami, Florida and Cedars Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. Drs. Jacob McCauley and Maria Abreu will serve as the primary investigators for this application at the University of Miami and Dr. Dermot McGovern will serve as the primary investigator at Cedars Sinai Medical Center. The use of these data by the noted not-for-profit organizations will be limited to biomedical purposes as related to IBD, in accordance with data use limitations.The analyses to be conducted in this combined Hispanic sample of ~1600 IBD cases and ~1400 controls include case-control association for replication of single variant IBD associations previously identified in European populations as well as assessment for homogeneity of effect size across populations. Polygenic risk scores will be utilized to test for cumulative variant associations with IBD. Fine-mapping of single variant associations will be done using several parallel approaches. Firstly, trans-ethnic meta-analysis with summary statistics from published European and African American studies will be conducted. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure around associated variants will be assessed using knowledge of replication and information on LD from ancestral source populations. Secondly, the Bayesian FINEMAP algorithm will also be considered. Additional analyses will include admixture mapping for identification of novel signals and gene-based tests for cumulative association of rare variants.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The objective of the proposed research is to elucidate the genetic risk factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in a Hispanic cohort. This project combines whole genome sequence data from 500 Hispanic controls which were sequenced as part of the Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project with ~1600 IBD patient and ~900 control samples which were ascertained by the Crohn’s and Colitis Center at the University of Miami and Cedars Sinai Medical Center. To facilitate our objective, several analyses will be conducted in this combined sample of ~1600 IBD patients and ~1400 controls. First, we will identify DNA segments that contain a genetic variant that occurs more often in IBD patients than in healthy controls. These segments may be novel to Hispanics or have been identified previously in populations of European ancestry. These DNA segments can be large and often the exact location of the predisposing variant within each segment is unclear. Therefore, additional analyses will be done to narrow the width of these DNA segments and identify the predisposing variant(s) within each segment.
Investigator:
Mez, Jesse
Institution:
Boston University
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
September 15, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology. Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Michaelis, Elias
Institution:
University of Kansas
Project Title:
Analysis of genome-wide sequencing data from NIAGADS: Searching for gene variants related to gender-Alzheimer's disease (AD) association
Date of Approval:
August 25, 2020
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives: Analyze the approximately 3,500 DNA sequences from GWAS at NIAGADS for associations between gender, AD, and frequency of SNPs in chromosomal DNA using the P-Link software analytical tool. Rationale: We have performed such analyses of the DNA sequences (VCF files) made available by ADNI and have identified a significantly higher incidence of SNPs (p<10-7) in a few chromosomal genes in males vs. females with the diagnosis of AD. We would like to perform similar analyses to the DNA sequences (in VCF files) of the greater than 3,000 sequenced DNAs at NIAGADS. Plan: The SNP association analyses will be performed on the DNA sequences using information about the gender and diagnosis of each individual whose DNA sequence we would analyze. We will use the P-Link software to generate data tables (Tab delimited P-Link association files) and Manhattan plots of genome-wide associations (gnuplot). There are no multiple research sites participating in the planned analysis of the DNA sequences. All work will be performed at the University of Kansas AD Center.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Variations in the sequences of DNA in our chromosomes and their association with the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified in the last 10 years and have brought about new thinking regarding possible causes of AD. These variations in DNA do not directly cause the disease but increase the likelihood of the onset of AD in some individuals late in their life. For many years, it has been known that among various populations there is differential incidence of AD between males and females. In our initial study of a relatively small number of individuals with or without AD, we identified that there was a significant association between a few of the variants in DNA sequences and the incidence of AD in males as compared with females. The study planned will use the DNA sequences in the NIAGADS repository to conduct a similar analysis for variants in DNA sequences. The NIAGADS sequences represent a substantially larger population than that which we analyzed previously and should allow us to explore the possible association of gender and AD with variants of DNA.
Investigator:
Moore, Jason
Institution:
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Project Title:
Artificial Intelligence Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease Research
Date of Approval:
March 13, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The goal of this project is to develop artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for extracting unforeseen patterns from clinical, genetic, genomic, and imaging data that could lead to ideas for new drug development or drug repurposing. Our proposed AI methods and software will be open-source, user-friendly, and freely available for all to use. Specifically, we will analyze ADSP data sets using three novel informatics methods to tailor our automated machine learning (AutoML) tool to the analysis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) data. First, we will develop a Multi-Modal Interaction (M2I) feature selection algorithm for identifying genetic interactions that are predictive of AD (AIM 1). Second, we will develop a Knowledge-driven Multi-omics Integration (KMI) algorithm for combining omics features for AI analysis of AD (AIM 2). Third, we will develop a Multidimensional Brain Imaging Omics (MBIO) integration framework for the joint analysis of multisource large-scale data for predicting AD. Finally, we will integrate all three biomedical informatics methods into our open-source AutoML software package and apply it to the ADSP data sets. We expect our methods will reveal new biomarkers for AD that will open the door for better treatments and clinical decision support.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The goal of this project is to develop artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for extracting unforeseen patterns from clinical, genetic, genomic, and imaging data that could lead to ideas for new drug development or drug repurposing. We will develop three biomedical informatics methods with focuses on genetics, genomics and imaging respectively. We will integrate these methods into our open-source AutoML software package, and apply it to the ADSP data sets. We expect our methods will reveal new biomarkers for AD that will open the door for better treatments and clinical decision support.
Investigator:
MOORJANI, PRIYA
Institution:
UC Berkeley
Project Title:
Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project Umbrella Study
Date of Approval:
October 25, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
A central goal of human genetics is to understand the link between genotypic and phenotypic variation, including disease risk and local adaptations. In order to perform these analyses reliably, we need to characterize population structure reliably. The historical signatures of our past such as population mixtures, contractions, and expansions, as well as human diseases and natural selection, have left traces in our genomes. In this proposal, our objective is to develop and apply computational methods to reliably characterize population history, including admixture (recent and ancient events including Neanderthal and Denisovan gene flow), founder events and natural selection in the diverse populations in the ADSP dataset. We will use these inferences to then reliably characterize disease associations and identify signals of natural selection, leveraging local and global ancestry inferences and estimates of relatedness across samples in a linear mixed model or other frameworks. We will look for associations between Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive traits and identify genes and genomic regions/ pathways associated to these traits. We will also study the distribution of archaic ancestry––from Neanderthals, Denisovans or other unknown archaic hominins––across the genome to find regions of exceptional high (or low) archaic ancestry that might provide hints about the function of these regions. Further, we will characterize the differences in mutation patterns across different human populations and archaic and modern human lineages. Together, this project will provide insights about our evolutionary past, mutation patterns and genes associated to local adaptations and Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive traits in a diverse multi-ethnic cohort. Together, this project will provide insights about our evolutionary past, genes associated to local adaptations and Alzheimer’s disease, and evolution of cognitive traits in a diverse multi-ethnic cohort.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Evolutionary history shapes our genes and traits. The historical signatures of our past such as population mixtures, contractions, and expansions, as well as human diseases and natural selection, have left traces in our genomes. In this proposal, our objective is to develop and apply computational methods to reliably characterize population history, including admixture, founder events and natural selection in multi-ethnic individuals. Additionally, we will use these insights to reliably map genes and pathways associated to Alzheimer's disease and other traits in the diverse individuals in ADSP.
Investigator:
Mormino, Elizabeth
Institution:
Stanford
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
March 3, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology. Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Murray, Melissa
Institution:
Mayo Clinic Jacksonville
Project Title:
Genetics of Young Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Date of Approval:
November 25, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Historically, young onset Alzheimer’s disease (YOAD) is defined as onset of clinical symptoms before the age of 65, and 90% of such patients are not associated with mutations in the main 3 Ab related genes (APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2). The objective of this project is to deeply characterize known and new genetic components of YOAD in the largest pathologically confirmed cohort in the world and to evaluate the impact of SNVs, SVs and repeat expansions. Due to their earlier onset age, and strong heritability, we hypothesize that YOAD patients are enriched in rare pathogenic variants within the Abeta and Tau pathways. In addition, patients with YOAD are often misdiagnosed for frontotemporal dementia due to clinical symptom overlap. In that context, we also hypothesize that there is genetic overlap between both diseases. We generated whole-genome sequencing data from over 900 YOAD patients, including more than 400 autopsy confirmed YOAD cases, over 1000 FTD patients and 800 controls. We are requesting access to the ADSP whole-genome sequencing data (raw and VCF) to i) to perform gene-based, single variant and pathway association analyses in ADSP YOAD and late onset data to replicate our findings, ii) increase our YOAD cohort size for assessing the overlap and differences between FTD and YOAD patients. Single nucleotide variants, as well as structural variants, will be assessed. To do so, we will use already generated SNVs VCF but also generate structural variant calling using our Mayo pipeline. We will utilize several commonly used software programs, such as Plink-seq and SKAT package, to perform our association analyses. All analyses will be done at the single variant, gene, structural variant, and pathway levels. Using these approaches, we hope to identify novel mutations/genes/pathways that are related to both AD and FTD and will benefit the larger scientific community working on neurodegenerative disorders.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We aim at identifying new risk factors for young onset Alzheimer’s disease (age at onset before 65). To do so we utilize deep phenotyping and genetic approaches. Upon completion of our work, we will obtain a comprehensive understanding of young onset Alzheimer’s disease genetics. Altogether our project will identify potential new therapeutic targets for young onset Alzheimer’s disease and will pave the way for individualized therapy development not only for young onset Alzheimer’s disease, but also for the more common late onset AD.
Investigator:
Myers, Richard
Institution:
HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology
Project Title:
Replication of risk factors for early-onset dementias
Date of Approval:
August 18, 2020
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
We are a part of collaborations with the Yokoyama lab at UCSF and the Kosik lab at UCSB to analyze genomes for early onset Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal dementia cohorts compared to unaffected controls. A critical part of these efforts is replication of any findings in independent cohorts. Access to Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) data is ideal for this purpose. We will analyze ADSP data for association signals identified in our independent cohorts using either single variant or burden analysis approaches. Phenotypic characteristics that will be evaluated in association with genetic variants will be either case/control status or age of symptom onset as available. Although we conduct these projects as collaborations, this application is for analysis of ADSP data at HudsonAlpha.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We work together with the Yokoyama lab at UCSF and the Kosik lab at UCSB to analyze the DNA from patients with early onset Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal dementia in comparison to people without these diseases. A critical part of this type of work is checking to see if findings from one set of patients are reproducible in different sets of patients. Access to Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) data would allow for us to answer this question. We will analyze ADSP data for association signals identified in our independent sample sets. The types of data that will be evaluated in association with genetics will be either if the individuals assessed have disease or not, or if their genetics affects when they develop disease.
Investigator:
Nicolas, Gael
Institution:
University of Rouen
Project Title:
Searching for Alzheimer-related genetic variants and genes
Date of Approval:
October 24, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The purpose of this study is to find new Alzheimer related variants and genes, by combining exome and genome data from healthy controls and Alzheimer patients from different studies. Data will be analyzed using association, burden and variant component statistics.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Some individuals develop dementia, while others do not. A large part is likely determined by gene, Alzheimer’s disease has a heritability of up to 80%. What are the key genetic factors that determine if one will get Alzheimer disease? In this study, we will thoroughly explore genomic data of a large group of healthy persons and dementia patients to answer this question.
Investigator:
Oh, Edwin
Institution:
University of Nevada Las Vegas
Project Title:
Genomic data analyses to understand genetic risks and protective factors of Alzheimer's disease
Date of Approval:
October 2, 2023
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The overall objective of the proposed research is to use dataset NG00067 to conduct genetic research for better understanding of genetic protective and risk factors underlying the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum and use artificial intelligence techniques to improve individual-level AD prediction with genomic features. Our central hypothesis are 1) loss-of-function single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of AD-risk genes, and their interactive genes at the protein level, might confer protective effect against AD; and 2) deep convolutional neural network (CNN) can deal with large and colinear feature space, thus the CNN classifier could potentially improve the performance of individual-level AD continuum prediction with genetic features over non-deep classifiers. To test these hypothesis, we plan to examine single loss-of-function mutation SNPs of AD-risk genes, and their protein level interactors, as potential protective factors for AD (Aim1). More specifically, AD-associated genetic risks/hazards will be obtained from previous literatures. Their protein-level interactive genes will be obtained from the Reactome database. Loss-of-function SNPs associated with these genes will be further obtained from the gnomAD database. Phenotypic comparisons along the AD continuum will be conducted among 0-copy, 1-copy, and 2-copy mutation carriers of these SNPs. In addition, we plan to develop a CNN-based deep learning technique to derive high-order meaningful genetic features from the whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing data that could improve the individual-level disease prediction (Aim2). For subjects with brain imaging or CSF biomarker data available from the NACC database, we plan to further jointly evaluate the associations among genetic risks/protectors, brain imaging changes, and CSF biomarkers along the AD continuum (Aim 3) to better understand the pathophysiology underlying AD onset and progression. A separate data request has been made to the NACC database.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The purpose of this study is 1) to better understand genetic protective and risk factors underlying Alzheimer's disease, and 2) to improve individual level disease predictions with artificial intelligence techniques. We seek to identify AD protective genetic features through screening the disease phenotypes of loss-of-function mutation carriers in subjects along the AD spectrum. We also would like to take advantages of the deep neural network in capturing high-order meaningful features from large, high-dimensional, and co-linear feature spaces. Therefore, we will utilize/adapt the well-established deep convolutional neural network classifier with genetic features to predict individual-level disease status. These results will help us to better identify subjects at risks of AD, and improve the accuracy and efficacy for personalized diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Investigator:
Oukraintseva, Svetlana
Institution:
Duke University
Project Title:
Genetics of Aging, Health, and Longevity: Focus on Regulatory Mechanisms and Functional Variants Connecting Aging and Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
September 11, 2024
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The objective of this project is to find common regulatory and rare functional genetic variants involved in both aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and suggest new genetic targets for AD prevention. We plan to: (i) evaluate collective effects of genetic interactions using newly developed in our group Interaction Polygenic Risk Score (IPRS), allowing to integrate the additive and interaction effects of genes on AD and aging traits, which presents significant methodological advantage; (ii) leverage the whole exome sequencing data (WXS), to find rare functional variants associated with aging and AD; (iii) focus on genetic regulators of translation that influence levels of proteins and provide connection between genes and phenotypes; and (iv) explore biological pathways involved in aging and AD. For this, we will conduct only secondary analyses of existing genetic and phenotypic data collected in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), as well as in other studies, including Framingham Cohort (a.k.a., Framingham Heart Study (FHS)), Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), and UK Biobank. Current request refers to the ADSP. The analyses will be performed using relevant statistical methods and software. The project does not involve any contact with or participation of the real subjects.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The objective of this project is to significantly improve our understanding of the heterogeneity of Alzheimer’ s disease (AD) and common genetic mechanisms in aging and AD, and find new genetic targets for AD prevention, with emphasis on regulatory and rare functional variants involved in both aging and AD. This objective will be addressed by conducting secondary analyses of existing human data collected in existing human studies, containing genetic and phenotypic information on thousands of individuals.
Investigator:
Palejev, Dean
Institution:
Sofia University
Project Title:
AD subtypes
Date of Approval:
April 7, 2021
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical manifestations and rate of progression. AD subtypes identification will improve our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms, enable us to predict disease trajectory and develop new disease-modifying treatments.Objective. To identify distinct AD subtypes from WGS data of AD individualsAnalysis plan. We will use 3000 WGS data derived from the ADSP Discovery Case-Control Based Extension Study. We will use the available SNVs and INDELS and infer structural variants (SVs) with our in-house multi-caller pipelines. Rare variants will be retained for further analysis. We will then split the dataset in training and tests set, and use the identified set of genetic variants (i.e. SNVs, INDELS and SVs) as input to a deep neural network (an autoencoder architecture) to learn an unsupervised latent representation of the data. AD subtypes will be identified within this reduced space and characterized using, demographics and clinical data. We will then contrast each subtype with the control groups to identify subtype relevant variants (i.e. putative subtype biomarkers), which will be used as input features to a gradient boosted tree model, to generate a subtype predictive model and subtype specific features.Planned collaboration. Each member of the team will devote effort in specific areas of investigation, nevertheless, all the team members will discuss, through regular meeting, individual progress and potential challenges. In particular, Dr Coppola (Research Scientist, Department of Pathology, Yale University, USA), together with Dr Dean Palejev (Associate Professor, GATE Institute, Sofia University, Bulgaria) will be involved in the deep learning model generation and validation, and subtype identification; Dr Fredrik Johansson (Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology. Sweden), will work on the supervised machine learning model; Dr Alexander Schliep, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Gothenburg, Sweden), will work on the SVs inference.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical manifestations and rate of progression. The heterogeneity of AD has complicated both clinical trial design and outcomes, and thus the need for better models of AD, and/or better strategies for selection of participants into specic clinical trials is evident. The identication of more homogeneous disease subgroups (i.e. AD subtypes) will improve our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms, enable us to predict disease trajectory and develop new disease-modifying treatments. We will use a comprehensive set of genetic variants in combination with deep learning algorithms to identify AD subtypes. Subtypes will be characterized using clinical and demographic data. Finally, variants specic to each cluster will be identied and used to train a predictive machine-learning model to classify new individuals.
Investigator:
Pan, Wei
Institution:
University of Minnesota
Project Title:
Powerful and novel statistical methods to detect genetic variants associated with or putative causal to Alzheimer’s disease
Date of Approval:
March 25, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
We have been developing more powerful statistical methods to detect common variant (CV)- or rare variant (RV)-complex trait associations and/or putative causal relationships for GWAS and DNA sequencing data. Here we propose applying our new methods, along with other suitable existing methods, to the existing ADSP sequencing data and other AD GWAS data provided by NIA, hence requesting approval for accessing the ADSP sequencing and other related GWAS/genetic data. We have the following two specific Aims: Aim1. Association testing under genetic heterogeneity: For complex traits, genetic heterogeneity, especially of RVs, is ubiquitous as well acknowledged in the literature, however there is barely any existing methodology to explicitly account for genetic heterogeneity in association analysis of RVs based on a single sample/cohort. We propose using secondary and other omic data, such as transcriptomic or metabolomic data, to stratify the given sample, then apply a weighted test to the resulting strata, explicitly accounting for genetic heterogeneity that causal RVs may be different (with varying effect sizes) across unknown and hidden subpopulations. Some preliminary analyses have conﬁrmed power gains of the proposed approach over the standard analysis. Aim 2. Meta analysis of RV tests: Although it has been well appreciated that it is necessary to account for varying association effect sizes and directions in meta analysis of RVs for multi-ethnic cohorts, existing tests are not highly adaptive to varying association patterns across the cohorts and across the RVs, leading to power loss. We propose a highly adaptive test based on a family of SPU tests, which cover many existing meta-analysis tests as special cases. Our preliminary results demonstrated possibly substantial power gains.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We propose applying our newly developed statistical analysis methods, along with other suitable existing methods, to the existing ADSP sequencing data and other AD GWAS data to detect common or rare genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The novelty and power of our new methods are in two aspects: first, we consider and account for possible genetic heterogeneity with several subcategories of AD; second, we apply powerful meta-analysis methods to combine the association analyses across multiple subcategories of AD. The proposed research is feasible, promising and potentially signiﬁcant to AD research. In addition, our proposed analyses of the existing large amount of ADSP sequencing data and other AD GWAS data with our developed new methods are novel, powerful and cost-effective.
Investigator:
Paré, Guillaume
Institution:
McMaster University
Project Title:
Rare Variant Polygenic Risk Scores for Alzheimer's Disease in Hispanic/Latinx Populations
Date of Approval:
May 2, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD) affects over 46 million people worldwide and is expected to double by 2030 and triple by 2050. Accumulating evidence supports a strong genetic component underpinning AD etiology. However, genetic studies of AD have focused primarily on assessing the impact of common variants (either in the APOE epsilon 4 allele or traditional polygenic scores) in European populations. Indeed, there is a sparsity of evidence demarcating the role of rare coding variants on LOAD in European and non-European populations alike, which could provide invaluable insight toward the genetic determinants of LOAD since rare variants are collectively numerous and more deleterious relative to common variants. Using the ethnically diverse ADSP WES data, we aim to systematically demarcate the effect of rare variants on LOAD by constructing a rare variant polygenic risk score (rvPRS), which captures the gene-based burden of rare variants across the genome. The Rare Variant EXome CALIBration using External Repositories (RV-EXCALIBER) method will be used to conduct case-control exome-wide association study using gene burden testing to delineate genes that harbour an enrichment of rare, deleterious variants in LOAD cases relative to controls from the genome aggregation database (gnomAD). Gene-based effect sizes will be used to construct an rvPRS in an independent ADSP validation population, which will be used in multivariable logistic regression models to to predict LOAD status after adjusting for age, sex, APOE epsilon-4-allele, and principal components of ancestry. We also aim to assess the transferability for the predictive power of the rvPRS across the European, African, and Hispanic ancestries present within the ADSP.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD) affects over 46 million people worldwide and is expected to double by 2030 and triple by 2050. There is evidence supports that genetic factors underlie AD development. To date, genetic studies of primarily focussed on a small subset of all genetic variants that occur commonly in the population. However, it has been shown that variants that are rare can aid in disease prediction and are better at identifying genes that cause disease. Using the ADSP population, we aim to develop a score based on rare variants that can help identify individuals at high risk for AD from various different ethnic backgrounds.
Investigator:
PARIDA, LAXMI
Institution:
IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center
Project Title:
WAGE ADSP Data Analysis
Date of Approval:
June 17, 2022
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The “Watson Alzheimer’s Genetics Experiment (WAGE) is a collaboration between IBM TJ Watson Research Center, the Center for Genomics of Alzheimer’s Disease (CGAD U54 AG052427) and AD geneticists at the University of Pennsylvania, Indiana University, Columbia University, and Indiana University (Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative [ADNI]). We plan to analyze whole genome sequence data generated from subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elderly normal controls obtained from “R3 17K WGS Project Level VCF” and “phenotypes/pedigree for all subjects”. These data were generated by the National Human Genome Institute Large-Scale Sequence Program, the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and National Institute on Aging funded investigators. The goal of the planned analyses is to identify genes that have alleles that protect against or increase susceptibility to AD. We will examine both single nucleotide variants and structural variants (indels, deletions, insertions, etc). We will use whole genome sequence data for AD cases from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequence Project. We will use control data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) and ADNI.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We seek to understand what machine learning algorithms can tell us about Alzheimer’s disease, and are applying machine learning algorithms to all the inherited elements that contribute to Alzheimer's disease risk, and characterizing their statistical power to resolve GW significant alleles. To do this we will analyze DNA sequence data from subjects with Alzheimer's disease and elderly subjects who are cognitively normal. The sequence data from these 2 groups will be compared to identify differences that contribute to the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease of that protect against Alzheimer's disease. These DNA differences can be at a single site in the genetic code, or can span multiple sites, changing the copy number of DNA sequences. Both types of genetic variants will be examined.
Investigator:
Park, Peter
Institution:
Harvard Medical School
Project Title:
Examining the association between clonal hematoposiesis and Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
December 3, 2019
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Recent projects characterizing genomic variation across large numbers of individuals have revealed that somatic mutations driving clonal expansion in hematopoietic cells occur as part of human aging. This phenomenon, is associated with a number of adverse outcomes, including increased mortality, cardiovascular disease risk, and risk of hematological malignancy. The aim of this proposal is to assess what (if any) association clonal hematopoiesis (CH) has with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Dementia.We will use the available exome and whole-genome sequencing to look for somatic mutations associated with CH. In general, distinguishing germline mutations from somatic mutations is non-trivial within a single sample. However, somatic and germline variants are expected to differ in their variant allele fraction distributions. Additionally, many somatic mutations associated with CH are thought to cause severe developmental disease when they occur in the germline (e.g., loss of function in DNMT3A is associated with Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome). The poor prognosis of affected patients should make germline mutations in these genes rare. After identifying participants with CH, we will use standard statistical methods (e.g. a fisher test) to determine if CH has any association with AD phenotype. We will also look for sex, race, ethnicity, and APOE specific effects.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Recent projects characterizing genomic variation across large numbers of individuals have revealed that somatic mutations driving clonal expansion in hematopoietic cells occur as part of human aging. This phenomenon, is associated with a number of adverse outcomes, including increased mortality, cardiovascular disease risk, and risk of hematological malignancy. The aim of this proposal is to assess what (if any) association clonal hematopoiesis (CH) has with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Dementia.
Investigator:
Park, Young Ho
Institution:
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
Project Title:
Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using GWAS, blood transcriptome and blood biomarkers
Date of Approval:
March 14, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
- Objectives of the proposed research: The primary objective of this research is to validate the findings from our analysis of whole genome sequencing data in Koreans by replicating them using the ADSP dataset, particularly focusing on individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Our previous analyses aimed to identify associations between genetic variants and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a specific focus on early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), by analyzing whole genome sequencing data and performing both variant-level and gene-level statistical analyses. By leveraging the requested ADSP data, we aim to confirm these associations and improve the accuracy of our findings.- Study design: This research follows a cross-sectional design. We will utilize data from EOAD patients and control groups recruited at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital to perform rare-variant association analyses, focusing on their association with AD diagnosis. Based on the results of our analysis, we will conduct replication studies using the ADSP dataset, which includes participants of various ethnicities and comprehensive phenotypes. This study is part of our larger project, "Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using GWAS, blood transcriptome and blood biomarkers", which aims to integrate genetic findings with transcriptome data and other biomarkers to improve the diagnostic accuracy of AD.- Analysis plan, including the phenotypic characteristics that will be evaluated in association with genetic variants: The analysis using the ADSP dataset will focus on replicating previous findings related to EOAD diagnosis using whole genome sequencing data in Koreans. We will evaluate the association between variants identified in our analysis and various phenotypic characteristics in the ADSP dataset, such as cognitive function and biomarkers, including β-amyloid, phosphorylated tau, and other Alzheimer-related markers measured by different tools.- Collaborations: There are no planned collaborations with researchers at other institutions for this study.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
This study aims to better understand the genetic factors associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), particularly among diverse populations. By analyzing whole genome sequencing data from Koreans, we have identified certain genetic variants linked to EOAD. We will now replicate these findings using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), which includes individuals of various ethnicities. Through this research, we hope to improve the accuracy of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis by identifying genetic risk factors that contribute to the development of the disease, ultimately aiding in early detection and treatment.
Investigator:
Parrado, Antonio
Institution:
Janssen R&D
Project Title:
Extensive search for variants that protect or elevate the risk of Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
December 18, 2020
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives: The aim of our analyses of the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequence Project (ADSP) cohort data is to improve the identification of reliable gene-drug targets to develop effective therapeutic medicines to prevent or slow-down the progression of Alzheimer’s disease in patients. Study design: Our goal is to identify novel and reliable gene-targets to develop effective therapeutic medicines to prevent or slow-down the human burden caused by Alzheimer’s disease. To identify variants that confer risk or provide protection to Alzheimer’s disease it is essential to obtain deep sequencing (whole-genome and whole-exome) in families with high penetrant variants and in case-control populations. We will capitalize on the Discovery Phase and Extension Phase cohorts that includes WGS data in families by performing family-based association analyses. Additionally, we will perform case-control association analyses on the whole-exome sequence data from the Discovery Phase Case/Control, Extension Case/Control, FUS1, and FUS2 cohorts. Analysis Plan: We plan to analyze the WGS and WES data with several phenotype-variant analysis approaches. We will perform common variant, rare variant gene-based (i.e. stop-gain, frameshift, putatively deleterious non-synonymous, and splice-site variants), pathway-based analysis, and sex-stratified analysis. We plan to perform association analysis with a dichotomous outcome (i.e. affected/unaffected) and with neuropathology quantitative measures (where available). We have expertise in several analyses software to perform the proposed analysis; they include PLINK, PLINKSeq, MENDELSCAN, and varianttools. We plan to analyze the ADSP cohort and other Alzheimer's disease cohorts independently (i.e. UKBB) and to combine the summary statistics (Odds ratio and p-values) by meta-analysis. The planned research is consistent with the data use limitations/restrictions for the requested dataset(s), and we promise to follow all regulations within. Our proposed research will support all conditions specified in the Data Use Agreements associated with the study and will not violate relevant privacy or consent policies.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The aim of our analyses of the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequence Project (ADSP) cohort data is to unravel the genetic architecture of AD with an objective to identify reliable gene-drug targets through various family-based and population-based statistical analyses, followed by prioritizing molecular targets and to develop effective therapeutic medicines to prevent or slow-down the progression of Alzheimer’s disease in patients.
Investigator:
Pascoal, Tharick
Institution:
University of Pittsburgh
Project Title:
Exploring the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cognitive decline
Date of Approval:
March 17, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives: ADHD persists throughout the lifespan and has been linked with higher risk for MCI and AD dementia based on large epidemiological studies. Recent findings from our group indicated a correlation between higher genetic liability for ADHD and progressive cognitive decline, as well as the development of AD pathophysiology, in cognitively unimpaired older adults with amyloid deposition at baseline. We aim to further explore the association between ADHD and cognitive decline by investigating the role of genetic risk for ADHD in the cognitive profile, as well as amyloid and tau deposition, in individuals diagnosed with AD or MCI. For that, we will calculate the ADHD-PRS, which is a valid biomarker of ADHD pathology, in individuals that are part of the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project. Study design: This study will analyze cross-sectional and longitudinal data from cohorts included in the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project. Analysis plan: We will calculate ADHD-PRS based on the latest GWAS. We will use linear and mixed regression models to test the association between ADHD-PRS and cognitive function (executive function, language, memory, and visuospatial) in cognitively unimpaired, MCI, and AD individuals. Analyses will be controlled for age, sex, and ancestry. Linear and mixed effect models will be used to evaluate the association between ADHD-PRS and fluid biomarkers (amyloid and phosphorylated tau), as well as neuropathology markers of amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary degeneration. We will conduct sensitivity analysis to explore the confounding effects of education, vascular risk factors (using clinical data or post-mortem markers of vascular brain injury), and psychiatric comorbidities (by calculating PRS of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia). We hypothesized that higher ADHD-PRS will be associated with longitudinal decline in memory and executive function, as well as higher markers of tau pathology. Based on prior results from our group, we also hypothesize that these findings will be observed in individuals with amyloid deposition at baseline.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that persists throughout the lifespan. Recent large epidemiological studies have indicated an increased risk for AD and MCI among individuals with ADHD. The underlying mechanisms linking ADHD and cognitive decline remain unclear, but prior data published by our group supports that individuals with ADHD have reduced resilience to amyloid pathology, leading to a decline in cognition at lower pathological levels. The main goal of this project is to further investigate the association between ADHD and cognitive decline, tau, and amyloid deposition in individuals diagnosed with AD or MCI. For that, we plan to utilize GWAS data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project to calculate ADHD polygenic risk scores (ADHD-PRS), which is a validated marker of ADHD pathology. We will evaluate the association between ADHD-PRS and cognitive function, as well as fluid biomarkers of amyloid and tau pathology. As secondary goals, we aim to investigate the confounding role of the genetics risk for other psychiatric disorders in these associations.
Investigator:
Pathak, Gita
Institution:
Institute for Genomic Health, Genetics and Genomic Sciences at Mount Sinai
Project Title:
Multi-modal analysis of psychiatric and dementia outcomes
Date of Approval:
August 12, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
a. Objectives of the Proposed Research This study aims to investigate the relationship between psychiatric traits and age-related cognitive decline, addressing a critical knowledge gap in understanding how mental health influences aging outcomes. b. Study Design The study employs a multi-level investigative approach combining epidemiological, genetic, and molecular methodologies. The design incorporates three complementary components: first, identification of phenotypic associations between psychiatric traits and MCI/AD through comprehensive clinical assessment; second, investigation of genetic architecture through analysis of coding and non-coding variants, genetic correlation assessments, polygenic scoring, and Mendelian randomization for causal inference; and third, examination of molecular mechanisms through genetically regulated epigenetic and proteomic processes. The study design enables stratified analyses by sex and ethnicity while controlling for demographic and lifestyle confounders, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding the psychiatric-cognitive decline relationship across multiple biological levels. c. Analytical Plan The analytical approach will proceed in sequential phases, beginning with statistical modeling to identify psychiatric traits significantly associated with MCI and AD outcomes while adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors. Genetic analyses will employ polygenic risk scores and Mendelian randomization techniques to establish causal relationships between psychiatric conditions (particularly depression and alcohol use disorder) and cognitive outcomes. Molecular analyses will focus on identifying shared genetic loci between psychiatric and cognitive phenotypes, followed by investigation of genetically regulated methylation and proteomic markers as potential mediators. The analysis plan includes development of molecular weights to aid causal inference analyses and determination of effect directionality, with stratified results reported by sex and ethnicity to identify population-specific risk patterns and potential intervention targets.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
This research examines how mental health conditions like depression and anxiety may increase the risk of memory problems and Alzheimer's disease as people age. Using genetic data and biological markers, we'll study whether psychiatric conditions directly cause cognitive decline or if they share common underlying causes. The study will identify which mental health factors pose the greatest risk for dementia, particularly looking at differences between men and women and various ethnic groups. Results could help better predict and prevent cognitive decline by addressing mental health early in life, potentially improving outcomes for millions facing both psychiatric and age-related brain conditions.
Investigator:
Pendergrass, Rion
Institution:
Genentech
Project Title:
Genetic Analyses Using Data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) and related studies
Date of Approval:
February 3, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The purpose of our study is to identify novel genetic factors associated with Alzheimer’s Disease, corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). This includes identifying genetic factors associated with the risk of these conditions, as well as genetic risk factors associated with age-at-onset (AAO) for these conditions. We will also evaluate genetic associations with sub-phenotypes individuals have within these broad disease categories, such as their Braak staging results which provide insights into the level of severity of Alzheimer’s. Thus we are requesting access to the set of genomic Whole Exome and Whole Genome Sequences (WES and WGS) have just been released through the National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Data Storage Site (DSS NIAGADS). The findings from our genetic association testing have the potential for identification of new therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's Disease, CBD, and PSP. The findings from our studies also have the potential for identification of genetic and phenotypic biomarkers that will be beneficial for subsetting patients in new ways standard genetic epidemiological methods to handle the WGS and WES data. All data will remain anonymized and securely stored, and only those listed on our application and their staff will have access to these data. We will not share any of the individual level data outside of Genentech nor beyond the researchers on our application. We will adhere to all data use agreement stipulations through the DSS NIAGADS. We have a secure computational environment called Rosalind within Genentech where we will use these data. We have IT security staff that constantly monitor all our research computing, assuring safety and privacy of all of our stored data. We will not collaborate with researchers at other institutions.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Genetic variation allows us to understand more of the genetic contribution to risk and protection from diseases such as Alzheimer’s and dementia. This information also allows us to identify important biological contributors to disease for developing effective treatment strategies, and identifying groups of individuals that would benefit most from new treatments. Our exploration of this relationship between genotype and disease traits and outcomes through these datasets will allow us to pursue important new findings for disease treatment.
Investigator:
Pericak-Vance, Margaret
Institution:
University of Miami
Project Title:
Collaboration on Alzheimer Disease Research
Date of Approval:
December 9, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
We plan to analyze GWAS, whole exome and whole genome sequence data generated from subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elderly normal controls. The goal of the planned analyses is to identify genes that have alleles that protect against or increase susceptibility to AD. We will evaluate variants detected in the sequence data for association with AD to identify protective and susceptibility alleles using the whole exome and whole genome case-control data. We will also evaluate sequence data from multiplex AD families to identify variants associated with AD risk and protection, and evaluate variant co-segregation with AD. The family data will be whole genome data. The family-based data will be used to inform the cases control analysis and visa versa. We also will focus on structural variants (insertion-deletions, copy number variants, and chromosomal rearrangements). Evaluation of structural variants will involve both whole genome and whole exome data. Structural variants will be analyzed with single nucelotide variants detected and analyzed in the case-control and family-based data
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We are attempting to identify all the inherited elements that contribute to Alzheimer's disease risk. To do this we will analyze DNA sequence data from subjects with Alzheimer's disease and elderly subjects who are cognitively normal. The sequence data from these 2 groups will be compared to identify differences that contribute to the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease of that protect against Alzheimer's disease. These DNA differences can be at a single site in the genetic code, or can span multiple sites, changing the copy number of DNA sequences. Both types of genetic variants will be examined.
Investigator:
Pettine, Warren
Institution:
University of Utah
Project Title:
Benchmarking and fine-tuning of genomic foundation models.
Date of Approval:
January 30, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives: To develop and validate methods for assessing how genomic foundation models generalize to neuropsychiatric conditions, specifically Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). We aim to: - Evaluate foundation models' ability to capture disease-relevant genomic patterns - Develop fine-tuning approaches to improve model performance - Create benchmarks for assessing model generalization to psychiatric genetics - Establish reproducible pipelines for model evaluation and optimizationStudy Design: This secondary data analysis study will utilize NIAGADS datasets to: - Extract embedding representations from pre-trained genomic foundation models - Analyze model performance across different cohorts and phenotypes - Develop and test fine-tuning methods - Create standardized evaluation metricsAnalysis Plan: Phase 1: Data Preparation - Harmonize genomic and phenotypic data across cohorts - Format data for compatibility with foundation models - Implement quality control measures - Create validation datasetsPhase 2: Model Evaluation Phenotypic characteristics to be evaluated: - Clinical diagnosis status (AD/ADRD vs. control) - Cognitive performance metrics - Fluid biomarker levels - Neuropathological findings - Cardiovascular risk factors - Neuroimaging metrics (DTI, FLAIR, PET, T1) Analysis methods: - Embedding space analysis - Layer-wise representation analysis - Linear separability testing - Correlation analysis - Target decoding performance - Distribution matching assessmentPhase 3: Fine-tuning Development - Implement distribution matching techniques - Develop data augmentation strategies - Create iterative optimization procedures - Establish performance benchmarksAll data access and analysis will be conducted under approved institutional protocols with appropriate data security measures in place.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Our research aims to improve how artificial intelligence (AI) systems understand genetic information related to Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Using existing, anonymized genetic data from research participants, we will test and enhance AI systems' ability to identify genetic patterns associated with these conditions.Just as AI has been trained to understand language and images, we will develop methods to help AI better process genetic information. The goal is to create tools that help researchers better understand the genetic factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease, potentially supporting future advances in early detection and treatment.
Investigator:
Piras, Ignazio
Institution:
Translational Genomics Research Institute
Project Title:
Generation of an Alzheimer’s Disease Polygenic Risk Score using a neuropathological confirmed cohort
Date of Approval:
November 14, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective of the proposed research Generate an AD polygenic risk score (PRS) using neuropathologically confirmed AD cases and controls (ND). The PRS will be used to assess the risk of AD in other neurological and psychiatric disease and to identify potential risk factors in large population studies accounting for the genetic risk.Study Design We will select the neuropathologically confirmed AD and ND samples, and genotypes will be used to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS), which results will be used to estimate the PRS.Analysis plan VCF files will undergo quality controls with the following inclusion criteria: QUAL >30, DP >10, and GQ > 20. We will exclude variants with allelic balance for heterozygous <0.3 or >0.7. We will include only SNPs with genotype rate >95%, MAF>0.05, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium p > 1.0E-06, and sample genotype rate >95%. Sex mismatch will be conducted using the SNPs located in the X chromosome. Duplicated samples will be identified using the pi-hat metrics, removing samples with pi-hat >0.7. Outliers will be identified by the Identity By State statistics. The GWAS will be conducted using BOLT-LMM (PMID:29892013), adjusting for the top 10 PCs and for sex. PRS will be estimated using the methods described by Marees et al. (PMID:29484742) and from the PR-Sice2 software (PMID:31307061). A wide range of neurological and psychiatric disease will be used as target datasets to assess the risk of AD. The PRS will be also used to investigate AD risk factors accounting for the genetic risk. For the method by Marees et al., we will select the significant SNPs (p<5.0E-08), and the number of alleles present in each individual in the target dataset will be counted and then multiplied by their corresponding GWAS p-value and finally summed across all SNPs for each individual's PRS. The method implemented in PR-Sice2 used a wide range of p-values optimizing the cutoff according to the accuracy prediction in the target phenotype. This project will be conducted in collaboration with Drs. Eric Reiman Valentina Ghisays (Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ). Only the PI (Dr. Piras) will have access to the data.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The research aims to develop a polygenic risk score (PRS) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) using neuropathologically confirmed AD cases and controls. This PRS will help assess AD risk in other neurological and psychiatric conditions and identify potential risk factors, considering genetic predisposition. The study will use Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and microarray data from AD and non-AD (ND) samples. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) will generate the necessary genetic data for PRS calculation. Quality control and filtering will be applied to ensure the accuracy of the genetic data. The PRS will be calculated using genome-wide significant SNPs and analyzed with PR-Sice2 software. The score will be applied to various neurological and psychiatric datasets to evaluate the risk of AD and explore potential risk factors.
Investigator:
Plagnol, Vincent
Institution:
Genomics
Project Title:
Integrative analysis of genetic association data for individual genome interpretation and translational biological research
Date of Approval:
July 15, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Genomics aims to transform the development of new medicines using the power of genomics. Our in-house research engine contains the largest collection of human genotype and phenotype data available, and we are continuously seeking to expand it with the aim to understand the nature and extent of pleiotropy in the human genome and its impact in human health and disease. One area of focus for Genomics is the generation of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) to inform personalised treatment and screening pathways. It is a widely understood issue that PRS performance in individuals with non-European genetic ancestries is lower than that in individuals with European genetic ancestries, which then impacts the utility of Integrated Risk Tools (IRTs) that combine genetic and non-genetic factors PRSs to generate a measure of absolute disease risk. Our previously published work has already investigated this issue (see Weale et al. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.02.032). To address these issues further, we intend to use these GWAS data to improve the performance of our PRS and subsequently our IRTs by combining with data that are already available to us. We also plan to combine these data with other in-house resources, to better detail the mechanistic link between genetic and health outcomes. This research will improve the identification and characterisation of novel drug targets. Bespoke analyses within patient subgroups stratified based on major risk alleles or combinations of different endpoints will enable better definition of the patient populations that would benefit from therapeutic interventions, and more precise evaluation of potential safety concerns. We will also use this individual level data to explore training and testing IRTs (using independent subsets of the data), which combine PRS with the individual level phenotypes available within ADSP including cognition scores, fluid biomarkers and neuroimaging data. Finally, for individuals within the randomised control trial cohorts we will explore whether constructed PRS and IRTs are associated with drug response using the available phenotype measures.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Genetic data has the potential to transform health care, by better predicting diseases, understanding and recommending treatment options. This is particularly critical for Alzheimer’s disease, which greatly benefits from early detection. However, much of the data underpinning this revolution have been generated in individuals of European descent. These data cannot be readily used in non-European populations, which limits broad adoption and widens an already existing gap in access to modern genomic technologies. With this project we are interested in assessing how these genetic predictors can be used in individuals of diverse ancestry. We want to improve the design of these tools so that they become more precise, and usable by a wider range of individuals.
Investigator:
Pottier, Cyril
Institution:
Mayo Clinic
Project Title:
Genetics of Young Onset Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
March 14, 2023
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Historically, young onset Alzheimer’s disease (YOAD) is defined as onset of clinical symptoms before the age of 65, and 90% of such patients are not associated with mutations in the main 3 Ab related genes (APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2). The objective of this project is to deeply characterize known and new genetic components of YOAD in the largest pathologically confirmed cohort in the world and to evaluate the impact of SNVs, SVs and repeat expansions. Due to their earlier onset age, and strong heritability, we hypothesize that YOAD patients are enriched in rare pathogenic variants within the Ab and Tau pathways. In addition, patients with YOAD are often misdiagnosed for frontotemporal dementia due to clinical symptom overlap. In that context, we also hypothesize that there is genetic overlap between both diseases. We generate whole-genome sequencing data from over 900 YOAD patients, including more than 400 autopsy confirmed YOAD cases, over 1000 FTD patients and 800 controls. We are requesting access to the ADSP whole-genome sequencing data (raw and VCF) to i) to perform gene-based, single variant and pathway association analyses in ADSP YOAD and late onset data to replicate our findings, ii) increase our YOAD cohort size for assessing the overlap and differences between FTD and YOAD patients. Single nucleotide variants, as well as structural variants, will be assessed. To do so, we will use already generated SNVs VCF but also generate structural variant calling using our Mayo pipeline. We will utilize several commonly used software programs, such as Plink-seq and SKAT package, to perform our association analyses. All analyses will be done at the single variant, gene, structural variant, and pathway levels. Using these approaches, we hope to identify novel mutations/genes/pathways that are related to both AD and FTD and will benefit the larger scientific community working on neurodegenerative disorders.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We aim at identifying new risk factors for young onset Alzheimer’s disease (age at onset before 65). To do so we use deep phenotyping and genetic approaches. Upon completion of our work, we will obtain a comprehensive understanding of young onset Alzheimer’s disease genetics. Altogether our project will identify potential new therapeutic targets for young onset Alzheimer’s disease and will pave the way for individualized therapy development not only for young onset Alzheimer’s disease, but also for the more common late onset AD.
Investigator:
Rademakers, Rosa
Institution:
Mayo Clinic
Project Title:
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration association study using sequence data
Date of Approval:
October 8, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
We hypothesize that patients with AD and FTD share common genetic factors. We generated whole-genome sequencing data from over 500 FTD patients and 800 controls and identified new genetic variants associated with FTD. Our findings add to the growing body of genetic factors associated with both diseases (TREM2, MAPT, GRN, and C9ORF72). We have now extended our cohort of whole-genome sequenced FTD and controls. We are requesting access to the ADSP whole-genome sequencing data (raw and VCF) to i) use the ADSP controls in order to increase our statistical power to detect risk variants in FTD by increasing the size of our control set, and ii) to perform gene-based, single variant and pathway association analyses in ADSP data with candidate FTD/ALS genes to determine their impact across dementias. Single nucleotide variants, as well as structural variants, will be assessed. To do so, we will call variants combining our FTD data with ADSP data starting from the raw files and using the same pipeline as the one already used for our FTD genome data. ADSP raw files will be processed through the Mayo Clinic Genome-GPS (GGPS) analytic pipeline and the ANNOVAR variant annotation pipeline. In addition, we will also run the ADSP’s data with specific pipelines more accurate for complex genomic regions such as the HLA risk region, e.g. HISAT2. We will also use new genotyping technologies such as long-read sequencing to impute structural variants in the ADSP dataset and compare them to our findings in our FTD cohort. We will utilize several commonly used software programs, such as Plink-seq and SKAT package, to perform our association analyses. Control data will be used to perform a large association study on FTD patients and controls. Then, association studies within the ADSP dataset will be performed. All analyses will be done at the single variant, gene, structural variant, and pathway levels. Using these approaches, we hope to identify novel mutations/genes/pathways that are related to both AD and FTD and will benefit the larger scientific community working on neurodegenerative disorders.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common form of early-onset dementia after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While AD patients initially present with memory problems, FTD patients usually present with changes in personality and behavior and sometimes language problems. However, clinical and genetic overlaps between both diseases have been reported. We propose to perform in-depth genetic studies to identify genetic factors that cause or increase the risk for FTD and comprehensively assess the genetic overlap between AD and FTD. The identification of new disease genes will provide novel insight into the disease biology; may improve genetic counseling in patients, and could provide new targets for future therapeutic interventions.
Investigator:
Raffield, Laura
Institution:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Project Title:
Genomic and Multi-Omic Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease in Diverse Populations
Date of Approval:
February 3, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
We are requesting data from the NIAGDS portal for utilization in our project concerning genomic and multiomic analysis of Alzheimer's disease in diverse populations. This is relevant to funded NIA grant R01AG075884 as well as pending NIA applications. We will use deidentified data from NIAGDS, as well as from other data sources including the TOPMed consortium and newly generated data from cohorts such as Jackson Heart Study, to identify putative risk factors and biological mechanisms for identified genetic loci for Alzheimer's disease risk. We will utilize statistical and genetic analysis methods (including polygenic risk score construction, colocalization using GWAS summary statistics, and association analysis for gene transcripts, proteins, and metabolites) to identify putative risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Black Americans face a disproportionately high risk of developing cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), compared to non-Hispanic White adults, but the biological mediators underlying this elevated risk are not well understood. Additionally, most efforts to identify risk biomarkers have not included diverse populations, making results less relevant to all Americans. High throughput multi-omics data from blood samples in diverse participants, including through newly funded grants and existing funded data from NIA, may allow us to identify predictors of ADRD and incident cognitive impairment risk across diverse US populations, including in Black adults underrepresented in ADRD research. Integration of genetic data may allow us to further clarify the genes, proteins, and metabolites through which Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk variants function, as well as improve risk prediction in populations with substantial non-European ancestry.
Investigator:
Raj, Towfique
Institution:
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Project Title:
Learning the Regulatory Code of Alzheimer's Disease Genomes
Date of Approval:
January 7, 2025
Request status:
Expired
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Our overarching objective is to apply machine learning techniques to predict and interpret the functional effects of genetic variants including Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs), indels and Structural Variants (SVs) from AD WGS data at the levels of DNA regulation and RNA processing, and link these effects directly to pathways and network context. We will leverage WGS generated by the ADSP and others together with harmonized endophenotypes and clinical data, multi-omics data from the AMP-AD, functional genomics data from Roadmap Epigenomics, PsychENCODE and GTEx Projects, and microglia and monocytes specific transcriptomic and single-cell RNA-seq data sets. Our central hypothesis is that many AD-associated genetic risk or protective variants influence pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, resulting in changes to gene expression and cellular pathways/networks, and ultimately contribute to protein aggregation in AD. The objective of this aim is to leverage deep-learning-based models capable of predicting functional effects of genomic variants on pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation. We will train existing and novel sequence-based deep learning models of epigenomic state and RNA regulation and processing specific to AD-relevant cell types and states. in silico mutagenesis under these trained models will be used to calculate functional impact “delta scores” for every SNV, indel and structural variants (SV) detected from AD WGS. We will use these delta scores to empower non-coding rare variant tests of association with AD at the regulatory region, gene and pathway levels. We will conduct functional fine-mapping through the integration of (i) the CNN delta scores (ii-iii) expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (eQTL and sQTL), (iv) AD endophenotypes and (v) multi-ethnic AD WGS data. We will use probabilistic ML methods, combined with cell-type-specific and single-cell RNA-seq datasets, to build gene regulatory networks. This NIH funded project is a close collaboration with Dr. David Knowles at the New York Genome Center/ Columbia University.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Despite decades of research and enormous investment, no disease-modifying treatment is available for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Combining population-scale data collection, human genetics and machine learning provide a way forward to uncover and characterize new causal cellular processes involved in AD. Effectively integrating diverse genomic data to better understand AD represents a substantial computational challenge, both in terms of data scale and analysis complexity. We will train machine learning models to predict epigenomic signals from the genomic sequences to estimate the functional impact of any genetic variant. These analyses will highlight variants and genes involved in AD. However, genes do not operate in a vacuum so robust machine learning will be used to learn cell-type and disease-specific networks. Such pathways will be prime candidates for future functional and therapeutic studies of AD.
Investigator:
Ravassard, Philippe
Institution:
ICM Paris Brain Institute
Project Title:
lnc-AD : Organoid-based lncRNA discovery platform for Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
March 4, 2025
Request status:
Expired
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives:Our research aims to discover novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Using a patient-derived organoid platform, we previously identified thousands of lncRNAs associated with AD, the majority of which were unknown. Leveraging sequencing data from the NIAGADS database, along with data obtained from the DIAN database (Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network), we aim to validate those novel lncRNA and identify which may be involved in the disease process.Design :Aim 1 : using bulk and single-cell RNAseq datasets, we will assess the expression of the lncRNAs of interest in patient samples, and identify those which are dysregulated in familial and sporadic AD patients. The single cell sequencing datasets will allow us to achieve a cell-type resolution.Aim 2 : using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) from patients and controls, we will determine if some of those lncRNAs are associated with known SNPs or rare variants linked to AD. Altogether, this work will advance our understanding of the genetic bases of AD by shedding light on an underexplored genomic category which may play causative roles in disease development, and provide novel therapeutic targets.Analysis plan :Raw files from the bulk (NG00083, previously obtained) and single-cell (NG00108) RNAseq datasets will be aligned to a custom genome containing the novel lncRNA we identified. To undertake differential analyses, we will need to access phenotypic information regarding disease status, as well as risk-modifying variant status. RIN, age of death, post-mortem interval, and sex may be used for correcting expression data. We have previously obtained approval from DIAN to access their datasets. All these datasets were previously analyzed together in two recent publications (PMIDs : 29880032 and 37085492).To appropriately make use of the WGS data from the AD sequencing project (NG00067), we will need to access information regarding age at disease onset, educational attainment, and available clinical scores.All data will be processed locally, and results from our analyses will be shared in agreement with the policies.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Our research is focused on finding new long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that play a role in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). lncRNAs are an understudied type of gene, which are however known to be implicated in many biological functions. We previously found many unknown lncRNAs linked to AD using a patient-derived organoid platform. We now wish to validate these findings using molecular data from the NIAGADS and DIAN databases.We have two main goals:1. We will use RNA sequencing data to study the expression of these lncRNAs in patients and identify which ones are abnormal. Single-cell sequencing will help us see how these lncRNAs behave in different cell types.2. We will use whole-genome sequencing to check if these lncRNAs are connected to common or rare genetic variants known to be associated with AD.This work will improve our understanding of the genetic causes of AD, of lncRNA biology and may reveal new targets for treatment.
Investigator:
Reitz, Christiane
Institution:
Columbia University
Project Title:
Endolysosomal Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
May 30, 2023
Request status:
Expired
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Endosomal dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Variants in SORL1 encoding a receptor for the retromer complex (the master regulator of endosomal trafficking) has been strongly linked to AD. Disrupting the retromer-SORLA pathway mediated regulation of endosomal trafficking triggers AD’s molecular/cellular pathologies in various ways: i) disrupting the retromer-SORLA complex reduces glutamate receptor recycling to the surface of dendritic spines, triggering the early stages of the neurodegenerative process; ii) with SORLA as the intermediary, retromer traffics APP away from its amyloidogenic cleavage in early endosomes. Retromer core or SORLA depletion causes endosomal traffic jam and thereby enhancement of APP processing to Aß; iii) dysfunction of the retromer trafficking pathway, by depleting either SORLA or VPS26b, accelerates tau secretion; iv) a recent study showed that retromer dysfunction in neurons triggers morphological alterations that phenocopy microglia abnormalities observed in the AD brain, and that the microglial pathology can be partially rescued by neuronal retromer gene therapy. These studies provide a strong rationale to investigate the retromer-SORLA pathway as a functional druggable target to slow the course of AD by restoring endosomal function. A critical step for this is to identify individuals carrying pathogenic variants in SORL1 and other endosomal trafficking genes and characterize their (endo)phenotypic profiles including cognitive clinical course and AD biomarker profiles. The goal of this proposal is to determine which SORL1 variants and variants in other endosomal trafficking genes are truly pathogenic and may be valuable drug development candidates by identifying variant carriers in ADSP WGS data and assessing critical endophenotypes in these individuals including cognitive profiles and biofluidic biomarker profiles.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Intracellular trafficking of critical proteins is an important mechanistic pathway in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A master regulator of intracellular endosomal trafficking is the retromer complex. An increasing number of studies indicate that the retromer may be a valuable functional druggable target to slow the course of AD, and a critical step for this is to identify individuals carrying pathogenic variants in retromer-related genes and characterize their (endo)phenotypic profiles including cognitive clinical course and AD biomarker profiles. The goal of this proposal is to determine which genetic variants in endosomal trafficking genes are truly pathogenic and may be valuable drug development candidates by identifying variant carriers in ADSP WGS data and assessing critical endophenotypes in these individuals including cognitive profiles and biofluidic biomarker profiles.
Investigator:
Reitz, Christiane
Institution:
Columbia University
Project Title:
U01AG079850_Genetics of neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD
Date of Approval:
December 16, 2025
Request status:
Approved
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms (NPS) (e.g. aggression, psychosis, anxiety, apathy, depression, agitation, sleep disturbances, repetitive behaviors) occur in 85% of AD patients, and are associated with greatly increased suffering of patients and families. Despite this, our understanding of the etiology of NPS in AD is inadequate, with treatments for NPS often being ineffective and associated with serious adverse effects. This knowledge gap is particularly egregious in underserved racial and ethnic groups. The aim of the current project (U01AG079850) is to collate, harmonize, and analyze the AD-associated NPS data collected on ADSP/ADSP-FUS samples. We plan to (1) expand the racially and ethnically diverse datasets of the ADSP-FUS and related efforts to include harmonized NPS data, creating the largest and most diverse genomic resource on NPS in AD to date allowing researchers to assess a wide range of additional critical hypotheses through these resources; (2) utilize these harmonized data to identify and describe genetic determinants, pathways, and polygenic effects underlying specific NPS in AD; (3) explore the shared genetic architecture across AD-associated NPS and with primary psychiatric disorders; and (4) disentangle the role of ancestry in NPS genetic risk. Included in these analyses will be in particular early-onset samples already recruited and whole-genome sequenced under the READR , EFIGA and NIA-FBS initiatives which have a particularly high prevalence of NPS. We anticipate that this work will lead to a better understanding of the genetic basis of NPS in AD which is vital to infer the mechanistic pathways underlying these highly disabling symptoms and develop more effective pharmacological targets. To collate NPS data on all ADSPFUS cohorts we closely collaborate with the ADSP-Phenotype Harmonization Consortium. Creation of refined harmonized NPS phenotypes will be conducted by Dr. Ted Huey’s group at Brown University. Genomic data analyses will be conducted by Dr. Reitz’ group at Columbia University and Dr. Beecham’s group at the University of Miami.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Although neuropsychiatric symptoms (e.g. aggression, psychosis, anxiety, apathy, depression, and sleep disturbances) occur in ~85% of Alzheimer disease patients and are associated with accelerated decline, increased cost, out-of-home placement, and greatly increased suffering of patients and families, our understanding of their etiology is still inadequate, with treatments often being ineffective and even associated with serious adverse effects (including increased mortality). This knowledge gap is particularly egregious in underserved racial and ethnic groups such as Hispanics and African-Americans. We propose to expand the racially and ethnically diverse ADSP-FUS and related resources to include harmonized neuropsychiatric symptom data allowing researchers to assess a variety of additional critical hypotheses, and to utilize these harmonized data to identify ancestry-specific genetic determinants, molecular pathways, and polygenic effects underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease.
Investigator:
Rexach, Jessica
Institution:
UCLA
Project Title:
Defining the unique immunogenetic landscape of PSP compared to related dementias
Date of Approval:
November 26, 2025
Request status:
Approved
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective: This research centers on the investigation of the genetic aspects of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) compared to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and unaffected controls through the analysis of whole genome sequencing data. The objective of this study is to comprehensively analyze the immunogenetic landscape in PSP and AD individuals compared to a control group in this dataset.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
In our study, we aim to decipher the genetic underpinnings of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) related to immune function. We will use sequencing data to run genomics analyses that are focused on a specific region of DNA called the HLA locus and additional immune genes, which play crucial roles in our immune system. Our goal is to compare the genetic makeup of the HLA locus in people affected by PSP compared to those with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the general population. In simple terms, we're looking for clues in the DNA that could explain how changes in the immune system might influence why some individuals develop these conditions.
Investigator:
Ridge, Perry
Institution:
Brigham Young University
Project Title:
Alzheimer's Disease Genetics: mitochondrial, haplotype-based analyses, and genetic replication
Date of Approval:
January 14, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
ObjectivesIn our lab we are working on a variety of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) genetics research projects: mitochondrial genetics of AD, haplotype-based analyses in the nuclear genome, AD genetics in Pacific Islanders (PI), and replication of identified disease variants identified in our novel dataset (the Cache County Study). Our objectives include: 1) develop a large dataset of AD mitochondrial genomes (~60,000 total samples), 2) identify mitochondrial genetic variants associated with AD, 3) explore the relationship between mitochondrial inheritance of AD and the mitochondrial genome, 4) identify haplotypes that explain observed AD variants, 5) replicate variants we identify in samples from the Cache County Study, and 6) test PI-specific AD genetics variants for association in the races represented in the ADSP.Study Design/Analysis Plan1. Using our published approach, assemble, annotate, and deposit in NIAGAD whole mitochondrial genome sequences from the ADSP and a variety of sources. 2. Estimate haplotypes in the nuclear genome using ShapeIt and our own novel tool in development. 3. Using an evolutionary based method, TreeScanning, assess the effects of mitochondrial and nuclear haplotypes associated with AD status, including both risk and protective variation. We have published several papers using this approach to study the relationship between the mitochondrial genome and AD. 4. Also using TreeScanning, conduct association studies between mitochondrial haplotypes and maternal family history of AD. 5. Using standard statistical methods to replicate associations from the Cache County Study and PIs. 6. Use SNP data to estimate genetic variances.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, is fatal, and causes a substantial burden to both affected individuals and loved ones. We seek to push the boundaries of our current understanding by identifying novel targets. Where a majority of approaches focus on single variants in the nuclear genome, we seek to identify mitochondrial-based targets and haplotypes responsible for influencing disease risk in the nuclear genome. We are sequencing whole genomes from the Cache County Study in large risk and protective pedigrees and will use these samples to confirm our findings.In addition to the work described above, we are studying the AD genetics of Pacific Islanders (PIs). PIs are unrepresented in the ADSP. We will evaluate the genetics we discover in PIs in the populations represented in the ADSP and augment the ADSP with PI genomes.
Investigator:
Roussos, Panagiotis
Institution:
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Project Title:
Higher Order Chromatin and Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
November 21, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by cognitive impairment and progressive neurodegeneration. Genome-wide association studies of AD have identified more than 70 risk loci; however, a major challenge in the field is that the majority of these risk factors are harbored within non-coding regions where their impact on AD pathogenesis has been difficult to establish. Therefore, the molecular basis of AD development and progression remains elusive and, so far, reliable treatments have not been found. The overarching goal of this proposal is to examine and validate AD-related changes on chromatin accessibility and the 3D genome at the single cell level. Based on recent data from our group and others, we hypothesize that genotype-phenotype associations in AD are causally mediated by cell type-specific alterations in the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. To test our hypothesis, we propose the following Specific Aims: (1) perform multimodal (i.e., within cell) profiling of the chromatin accessibility and transcriptome at the single cell level to identify cell type-specific AD-related changes on the 3D genome; (2) fine-map AD risk loci to identify causal variants, regulatory regions and genes; (3) functionally validate putative causal variants and regulatory sequences using novel approaches that combine massively parallel reporter assays, CRISPR and single cell assays in neurons and microglia derived from induced pluripotent stem cells; and (4) develop and maintain a community workspace that provides for the rapid dissemination and open evaluation of data, analyses, and outcomes. Overall, our multidisciplinary computational and experimental approach will provide a compendium of functionally and causally validated AD risk loci that has the potential to lead to new insights and avenues for therapeutic development.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects half the US population over the age of 85 and despite decades of research, reliable treatments for AD have not been found. The overarching goal of our proposal is to generate multiscale genomics (gene expression and epigenome regulation) data at the single cell level and perform fine mapping to detect and validate causal variants, transcripts and regulatory sequences in AD. The proposed work will bridge the gap in understanding the link among the effects of risk variants on enhancer activity and transcript expression, thus illuminating AD molecular mechanisms and providing new targets for future therapeutic development.
Investigator:
Sadowski, Martin
Institution:
New York University School of Medicine
Project Title:
APOE4 and Klotho Interaction in AD
Date of Approval:
January 21, 2022
Request status:
Closed
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives of the proposed research The objective of the proposed research is to analyze the effect of Klotho-VS heterozygosity and other genetic covariates identified during the study on the rate of Alzheimer's Disease progression as measured by neuropsychological data and brain MRI volumes in the context of the APOE genotype.Study design The design of this study involves the creation of a repository consisting of clinical and genetic data from the participants of the NACC's Uniform Data Set. Only participants who transitioned from a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's Disease will be considered.Analysis plan, including the phenotypic characteristics that will be evaluated in association with genetic variant This study will conduct a secondary analysis of the neuropsychological data (MMSE, MOCA, CDR-SB, ADAS-11) and brain MRI volumes in association with APOE genotype and other genetic predictors of clinical decline like Klotho-VS heterozygosity. Effect of Klotho-VS heterozygosity in the context of a specific APOE genotype will be determined using a linear mixed model approach comparing disease progression over time between genetic variables, as well as demographic variables such as sex and age.There will be no collaboration with researchers at other institutions.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Gene set which controls the rate of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression both in terms of accelerating and attenuating its rate is unknown. Our recently published work demonstrated feasibility of statistical modeling of longitudinal clinical data from AD patients to uncover the effect of certain genes on the rate of disease progression. Thus, we showed that AD patients who harbor the e4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene show accelerates clinical course of AD in comparison to e4 non-carriers. In this project we plant to use statistical modeling of longitudinal clinical data to correlate trajectory of disease progression in with their individual genetic makeup. A gene which effect on AD progression were are planning to study next is Klotho-VS heterozygosity.
Investigator:
Safo, Sandra
Institution:
University of Minnesota
Project Title:
Innovative Machine and Deep Learning Analyses of Alzheimer's Disease Omics and Phenotypic Data
Date of Approval:
October 27, 2023
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
AD is the most common cause of dementia and presents a substantial and increasing economic and social burden. Our ability to diagnose and classify AD from cognitive normals (CN), or discriminate among individuals with AD, early mild cognitive impairment [EMCI], or late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), is essential for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AD. Since individuals with MCI have a high chance of converting to AD, effectively discriminating between those who convert to AD (MCI-C) from those who do not convert (MCINC) is important for early diagnosis of AD. The heterogeneity of AD has motivated attempts to classify distinct subgroups of AD to better inform the underlying physiology. There is evidence to suggest that using data across multiple modalities (e.g. genetics, imaging, metabolomics) has potential to classify AD subgroups better than using single modality. We will apply machine and deep learning methods to gain deeper insight into AD and ADRD pathobiology. We will use datasets that include genomics, genetics, metabolomics, and phenotypic data for this purpose. Data will be divided into discovery and validation sets. On the discovery set, state-of-the-art ML and DL methods for integrative analysis that we and others have developed will be coupled with resampling techniques to determine candidate molecular signatures and pathways discriminating the AD groups considered. Molecular scores will be developed from these candidate biomarkers. The clinical utility of the scores beyond well-known clinical risk factors for AD will be ascertained. We will validate our findings using the validation data. We will visually and quantitatively compare the risk scores across several clinical variables and outcomes. We will use (un)supervised clustering methods to identify molecular clusters, and we will investigate molecular clusters differentiating MCI to AD converters from non-converters. We may explore differences across ethnic subgroups. We will also innovatively apply our multimodal molecular subtyping methods to discover, reproduce, and characterize novel molecular subgroups of AD– this will allow for better risk stratification.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We have been developing novel machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods that leverage genomics, other omics (including proteomics and metabolomics), clinical and epidemiology data to better understand the pathogenesis of complex diseases. By integrating data from different sources, we have identified molecular signatures contributing to the risk of the development of complex diseases beyond established risk factors. We are proposing to innovatively apply these, and other existing, methods, to data pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Alzheimer’s disease related dementias (ADRD). A deeper understanding of the genes, genetic pathways, and other molecular signatures of AD is essential and could facilitate the identification of potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
Investigator:
Sajjadi, Seyed Ahmad
Institution:
University of California, Irvine
Project Title:
Identifying genetic variants associated with multiple pathologic changes in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Date of Approval:
July 9, 2024
Request status:
Expired
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Multiple pathologic changes are common in old age and are associated with dementia. While Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC) remain the most common pathology observed in older adults, there is also wide recognition for the role of cerebrovascular neuropathologic changes, Lewy body pathology, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), hippocampal sclerosis in age-related cognitive decline. These pathologies often do not exist in isolation and individuals harboring multiple types of pathologies are found to have worse clinical outcomes compared to individuals with any one specific pathology. The genetic mechanisms and risk factors of the presence of multiple pathologies however are not well understood. While studies have shown shared risk alleles across various pathologies, it remains unclear how multiple pathologies are linked and why individuals with any one pathology develop comorbid pathologies while others do not. Identification of genetic variants distinct and shared between each pathology will highlight potential mechanistic links and dissect differences across pathologic changes. The goal of the planned analyses is to identify genetic variants associated with comorbid pathologies and to assess the relationships in genomic and RNA-level information with clinical outcomes across multiple pathologies. We will use integrated clinical, neuropathologic, and sequencing data from the ADSP-PHC and the 90+ study to 1) identify new and previously identified risk alleles associated with neuropathologic changes and 2) relate genomic information with transcriptomic data from publicly available RNA sequencing datasets, and 3) determine the associations between the genomic and transcriptomic information to clinical outcomes (cognitive, motor, and neuropsychiatric symptoms) across different pathologic changes. We will perform separate analyses on the ADSP-PHC and 90+ study datasets. All analyses will be adjusted for age at death, sex, and ethnicity.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
With advancing age, the presence of multiple brain pathologies is common and associated with dementia. While Alzheimer’s disease is the most common pathology observed in older adults, other changes like cerebrovascular pathology, Lewy body pathology, TDP-43 pathology, and hippocampal sclerosis also play a role in cognitive decline. People with multiple types of brain changes tend to have worse outcomes. Understanding why some individuals develop multiple pathologies while others don't is still not clear, but genetics may provide some insight into mechanisms underlying and linking multiple pathologies. By studying genetic variants associated with these brain changes and their impact on clinical outcomes, we aim to uncover new insights. Our research, using data from the ADSP-PHC and the 90+ study, will explore these connections and help shed light on the complex interplay between genetics, brain changes, and functional decline.
Investigator:
Saykin, Andrew
Institution:
Indiana University School of Medicine
Project Title:
Alzheimer's Disease Genomics: Systems Biology and Endophenotypes
Date of Approval:
September 17, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related genomic data sets including sequencing, GWAS and phenotypic data will be combined with longitudinal clinical, demographic, cognitive, MRI, PET, CSF and blood endophenotype data, where available, to investigate the genetic architecture of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD) and brain aging. The overall goal to gain a better understanding of fundamental disease mechanisms, genetic susceptibility and protective factors, and the relationship of genetic factors to disease heterogeneity, progression and different trajectories across biomarker profiles. Data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) will be combined with ADSP and other data sets to increase detection power and for replication across samples. Analyses will include conventional statistical association, multivariate profiling of endophenotypes, biological pathway and network approaches, longitudinal models and combinatorial machine learning. Deliverables will include reports of new prioritized lists of candidate genes and variants for further investigation in new samples, functional experiments and in model systems. The ultimate goal is discovery of novel potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets that will help provide the foundation for a precision medicine approach to AD/ADRD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related genomic data sets will be combined with longitudinal clinical, demographic, cognitive, MRI, PET, CSF and blood biomarker data to investigate the genetic architecture of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD) and brain aging. The overall goal to gain a better understanding of fundamental disease mechanisms, genetic susceptibility and protective factors, and the relationship of genetic factors to disease heterogeneity, progression and different trajectories across biomarker profiles. Data will be combined across studies to increase detection power and for replication. Analyses will include conventional statistical association and advanced analytic approaches including multivariate profiling, biological pathway and network analysis and machine learning. The ultimate goal is discovery of novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers that will help provide the foundation for a precision medicine approach to AD/ADRD.
Investigator:
Saykin, Andrew
Institution:
Indiana University School of Medicine
Project Title:
AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease): Ultrascale Machine Learning to Empower Discovery in Alzheimer’s Disease Biobanks
Date of Approval:
January 16, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify AD genotypes and endophenotypes that dissect AD’s heterogeneity; 2) relate said genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data. The goals of this multisite initiative (Paul Thompson, USC; Christos Davatzikos, Li Shen, Penn; Andy Saykin, IU; Heng Huang, Pitt, Paul Crane, UW; Adam Brickman, Columbia; Tim Hohman, Vanderbilt; Gyungah Jun, BU; Duygu Tosun, UCSF; Alexander Zaranek, Curii) leverage the promise of machine learning (ML) to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments. We will develop ML and deep learning methods to apply to large scale biobanks of whole genome sequences (WGS), neuroimaging, cognitive, and clinical data, aiming to discover new genomic features that influence biological processes of AD. We will apply methods of genome representation and tiling to WGS repositories to create inputs for AI methods. We will develop novel, interpretable, biological knowledge guided deep learning methods to discover genomic motifs associated with AD, AD risk, and biological processes of AD as defined by NIA-AA criteria. To quantify subtypes and disentangle biological processes of AD, we will apply computational methods to multimodal MRI and amyloid- and tau-sensitive PET to stratify and subtype patient groups; novel imaging genomics methods will detect genomic markers and pathways that modulate the developing pathology as detected in the images, and that predict future clinical decline or resilience. We hypothesize that advanced deep learning methods combined with whole genome data will outperform traditional methods and GWAS for predicting AD onset and progression, and will assist with disease subtyping and discovering treatable targets in the genome. A team will rank and repurpose existing, and identify novel drugs and targets in the genome based on the discovered genetic motifs affecting AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to extensive and rich genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify genotypes and endophenotypes of AD that dissect the heterogeneity of the disease; 2) relate these genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression, in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD, by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data at a previously impossible scale. Collectively, the goals of this highly collaborative multi-site initiative leverage the promise of machine learning to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments.
Investigator:
Saykin, Andrew
Institution:
Indiana University School of Medicine
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
July 21, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Saykin, Andrew
Institution:
Indiana University School of Medicine
Project Title:
Centrally-linked Longitudinal pEripheral biomARkers of AD (CLEAR-AD)
Date of Approval:
January 20, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
This U19 aims to bridge these knowledge gaps for discovery and validation of Centrally-linked Longitudinal pEripheral biomARkers of AD (CLEAR-AD) in multi-ethnic populations. CLEAR-AD U19 is based on the premise that AD is a complex disorder in which many biological pathways are disrupted due to multi-omic perturbations, which can be detected in brain and reflected in blood. The specific aims of CLEAR-AD are: 1) To discover CLPMS of the complex and heterogeneous AD pathophysiology and its co-pathologies. 2) To identify longitudinal CLPMS that detect and predict dynamic neuroimaging, fluid biomarker, and clinical changes across AD spectrum. 3) To characterize differences and similarities in CLPMS profiles across NHW, African American (AA) and Latino American (LA) participants to uncover biomarker patterns in multi-ethnic groups. 4) To make these vast resources available to the scientific community to amplify and accelerate its impact. In this U19, we will leverage NIH-funded ADNI, MCSA and ADRC cohorts of >3,700 multi-ethnic participants to generate >20,000 multi-omics measures (Omics Core) that will be processed and integrated with >48,000 harmonized AD cognitive, neuroimaging and fluid endophenotypes (Analytic Core). Using these data, we will identify brain region and cell-type specific CLPMS, which reflect biological subtypes of AD and disease stage (Project 1). We will discover longitudinal changes in CLPMS that predict cognitive and A/T/N/V progression (Project 2). We will define longitudinal cognitive and A/T/N/V changes and CLPMS in URP that are either conserved with NHW or population-specific (Project 3). This U19 will a) Identify the next generation of AD biomarkers with mechanistic insights; b) Establish a precision medicine approach for rigorous multi-omics biomarker discovery and validation in AD; c) Discover molecules that can serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets; d) Enhance biomarker research in trial-ready multi-ethnic populations; and e) Generate and share a vast and harmonized resource of endophenotype and multi-omics data in NIH-funded cohorts.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
There is a clear and immediate need for the discovery of peripheral molecular signatures linked to central disease processes, core and co-pathologies in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), that will serve as precision medicine blood-based biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, theragnostic and therapeutic purposes. AD is a complex disorder in which many biological pathways are disrupted due to multi-omic perturbations, which can be detected in brain and reflected in blood, i.e. centrally-linked peripheral molecular signatures (CLPMS). This U19 will leverage deeply phenotyped, longitudinal NIH-funded multi-ethnic cohorts and cross-disciplinary expertise for multi-omics data generation and its integration with harmonized AD endophenotypes, will share these data and utilize them in integrated U19 projects to discover CLPMS that will serve as the next generation of AD biomarkers.
Investigator:
Schafer, Nicholas
Institution:
Constantiam Biosciences Inc.
Project Title:
MAVEvidence Novel Variant Effect Predictors for Alzheimer
Date of Approval:
March 25, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The primary objective of this research is to utilize population data to validate predictors derived from functional assays for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (ADRD) risk genes, specifically focusing on APP and SNCA. We aim to validate the functional relevance of these predictors by assessing their correlation with both AD prevalence and clinically meaningful endophenotypes that characterize disease progression. Study Design: This study will employ a multi-faceted design consisting of the following components: Curation of MAVE Data: We will systematically curate existing MAVE studies for APP and SNCA, integrating data from published literature to establish a comprehensive dataset. Validation of Functional Assays: We will conduct validation studies to quantify the discriminative power of MAVE scores in identifying pathogenic versus benign variants using known variants from ClinVar as a benchmark. Quantitative Risk Modeling: We will develop a survival analysis framework to model the age- and genotype-dependent penetrance of AD, leveraging MAVE data alongside population incidence data.Analysis Plan: The analysis will focus on evaluating the following phenotypic characteristics in association with genetic variants: Pathogenicity Discrimination: We will assess the ability of MAVE scores to distinguish between pathogenic and benign variants for APP and SNCA using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, aiming for an area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.7. Odds of Pathogenicity: The OddsPath for each variant will be calculated using MAVE data in conjunction with ClinVar annotations to quantify the strength of functional evidence. AD Risk Estimation: We will develop a quantitative model that estimates the risk of developing AD based on genotype, validated against data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project and independent cohorts such as the UK Biobank.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We developed a tool, MAVEvidence, for use by variant scientists to interpret variants in AD/ADRD risk genes. We note that although this use case is not regulated by bodies such as the FDA, it is guided by the published ACMG/AMP framework, to which MAVEvidence adheres. We aim to collect function scores from MAVEs for APP and SNCA, collect clinical annotations from ClinVar, and evaluate the ability of each MAVE to distinguish known pathogenic and benign variants. To apply functional evidence within the ACMG/AMP framework, function scores must first be converted to evidence strengths. We will calibrate variant-level functional evidence by first calculating the odds of pathogenicity and then applying a Bayesian approach to convert to evidence strength. Finally, we will generate quantitative measures of risk by integrating MAVE data and population AD/ADRD incidence data into a survival model that predicts age- and genotype-dependent penetrance of Alzheimer’s disease.
Investigator:
Schellenberg, Gerard
Institution:
University of Pennsylvania
Project Title:
ADSP Data Analysis
Date of Approval:
February 4, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
As part of the Consortium for Alzheimers Sequence Analysis (CASA: NIA grant U19AG047133). We plan to analyze whole exome and whole genome sequence data generated from subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elderly normal controls. These data will be generated by the National Human Genome Institute Large-Scale Sequence Program. The goal of the planned analyses is to identify genes that have alleles that protect against or increase susceptibility to AD. We will evaluate variants detected in the sequence data for association with AD to identify protective and susceptibility alleles using the whole exome and whole genome case-control data. We will also evaluate sequence data from multiplex AD families to identify variants associated with AD risk and protection, and evaluate variant co-segregation with AD. The family data will be whole genome data. The family-based data will be used to inform the cases control analysis and visa veras. We also will focus on structural variants (insertion-deletions, copy number variants, and chromosomal rearrangements). Evaluation of structural variants will involve both whole genome and whole exome data. Structural variants will be analyzed with single nucelotide variants detected and analyzed in the case-control and family-based data.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We are attempting to identify all the inherited elements that contribute to Alzheimer's disease risk. To do this we will analyze DNA sequence data from subjects with Alzheimer's disease and elderly subjects who are cognitively normal. The sequence data from these 2 groups will be compared to identify differences that contribute to the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease of that protect against Alzheimer's disease. These DNA differences can be at a single site in the genetic code, or can span multiple sites, changing the copy number of DNA sequences. Both types of genetic variants will be examined.
Investigator:
Schellenberg, Gerard
Institution:
University of Pennsylvania
Project Title:
Genetic Association Study of Alzheimer’s Disease with Whole-Genome and Whole-Exome Sequence Data
Date of Approval:
February 4, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective of the proposed research: Recent studies have found that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and copy number variations (CNVs) can both play significant roles in missing heritability of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In this project, we propose to conduct a comprehensive investigation on both variant types and understand their contributions in AD risk.Study design: We will us whole-genome (WGS) and whole-exome (WES) sequence data in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) and conduct case-control association analyses of SNPs and CNVs.Analysis plan: Using the ADSP sequence data, we will start with CNV detection and characterization of CNV sequence features (e.g., microhomology, non-template insertions, and segmental duplications) to understand potential mechanisms of CNV formation. Next, we will study the association of AD status with SNPs and CNVs (common and rare) using standard association methods and adjusting for population regressions to assure efficient modeling of joint SNP-CNV effects from common and rare variants. We will perform ethnic-specific and ethnic-combined association analyses. We will use principle-component-based methods to adjust for PS, but also explore the efficacy of other PS adjustment methods. Finally, we will conduct biological annotation on identified risk variants.Collaborators: This team includes researchers from University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) and North Carolina State University (NCSU). UPenn includes Gerard Schellenberg (PI: Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine), Li-San Wang (PI: Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Wan-Ping Lee (PI: Research Assistant Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine), Adam Naj (Assistant Professor of Biostatistics and Epidemiology) and Yuk Yee Leung (Research Assistant Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine). NCSU includes Jung-Ying Tzeng (PI: Professor of Statistics and Bioinformatics Research Center), Wenbin Lu (Professor of Statistics), Arnab Maity (Associate Professor of Statistics) and Jessie Jeng (Associate Professor of Statistics).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Copy number variants (CNVs) are DNA regions that have gains (duplications) or losses (deletions). CNVs affect a considerable number of base pairs in the human genome. Unlike single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that has been broadly studied in diseases, CNVs were not intensively discovered. The large-scale Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) provides a systematic way to capture nearly all genomic variations and to study the genetic basis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In this project, using the data of affected and unaffected samples from ADSP, we propose to conduct a comprehensive investigation on both variant types (SNPs and CNVs) and study their contributions in AD risk and etiology. We will start with CNV genotyping, followed by conducting standard association analysis of AD with SNPs and CNVs. We will also develop and apply new analytical methods for efficient modeling of joint SNP-CNV effects from common and rare variants. Finally, we will conduct functional annotation on identified risk variants to uncover possible biological mechanisms.
Investigator:
Schellenberg, Gerard
Institution:
University of Pennsylvania
Project Title:
PSP and CBD Genetics
Date of Approval:
June 13, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
We plan to analyze whole exome and whole genome sequence data generated from subjects with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elderly normal controls. The goal is to detect mutations and variants that cause, contribute to risk, or protect against PSP and/or CBD. We want to compare PSP and CBD genotypes to those from AD and normal controls sequenced by the Alzheimer's Disease Sequence Project. We would like both whole genome and whole exome data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequence Project for AD and normal controls. We would also like whole genome and whole exome data for PSP and CBD generated by the PSP and Tau consortiums. We will use these data to determine which mutations and variants are associated with PSP or CBD versus benign variants. All PSP and CBD subjects being sequenced are deceased. The requested data sets will have variants recalled as a batch and combined to evaluate allele frequencies of called variants. The AD and control variant frequencies will then be compared to allele frequencies from PSP and CBD subjects as described above. We will also compare structural variants (insertion-deletions, copy number variants, and chromosomal rearrangements) identified in PSP and CBD subjects to those found in AD and in cognitively normal controls in order to determine structural variants involved in PSP and CBD pathogenesis. All of the investigators that are listed will be using a joint called VCF generated from the requested data sets. PSP is a neurodegenerative disease closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). PSP, CBD and AD have neurofibrillary tangles as part of the signature neuropathology defining these disorders. PSP and CBD are considered Alzheimer’s Disease Related Disorders (ADRD).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We are attempting to identify all the inherited elements that contribute to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) risk. To do this we will analyze DNA sequence data from subjects with AD, PSP, CBD, and subjects who are cognitively normal. The sequence data from these groups will be compared to identify differences that contribute to the risk of developing PSP and CBD, or that protect against these diseases. These DNA differences can be at a single site in the genetic code, or can span multiple sites, changing the copy number of DNA sequences. Both types of genetic variants will be examined.
Investigator:
Schliep, Alexander
Institution:
University of Gothenburg
Project Title:
AD subtypes
Date of Approval:
August 10, 2021
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical manifestations and rate of progression. AD subtypes identification will improve our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms, enable us to predict disease trajectory and develop new disease-modifying treatments. Objective. To identify distinct AD subtypes from WGS data of AD individuals Analysis plan. We will use 3000 WGS data derived from the ADSP Discovery Case-Control Based Extension Study. We will use the available SNVs and INDELS and infer structural variants (SVs) with our in-house multi-caller pipelines. Rare variants will be retained for further analysis. We will then split the dataset in training and tests set, and use the identified set of genetic variants (i.e. SNVs, INDELS and SVs) as input to a deep neural network (an autoencoder architecture) to learn an unsupervised latent representation of the data. AD subtypes will be identified within this reduced space and characterized using, demographics and clinical data. We will then contrast each subtype with the control groups to identify subtype relevant variants (i.e. putative subtype biomarkers), which will be used as input features to a gradient boosted tree model, to generate a subtype predictive model and subtype specific features. Planned collaboration. Each member of the team will devote effort in specific areas of investigation, nevertheless, all the team members will discuss, through regular meeting, individual progress and potential challenges. In particular, Dr Coppola (Research Scientist, Department of Pathology, Yale University, USA), together with Dr Dean Palejev (Associate Professor, GATE Institute, Sofia University, Bulgaria) will be involved in the deep learning model generation and validation, and subtype identification; Dr Fredrik Johansson (Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology. Sweden), will work on the supervised machine learning model; Dr Alexander Schliep, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Gothenburg, Sweden), will work on the SVs inference
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical manifestations and rate of progression. The heterogeneity of AD has complicated both clinical trial design and outcomes, and thus the need for better models of AD, and/or better strategies for selection of participants into specific clinical trials is evident. The identification of more homogeneous disease subgroups (i.e. AD subtypes) will improve our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms, enable us to predict disease trajectory and develop new disease-modifying treatments. We will use a comprehensive set of genetic variants in combination with deep learning algorithms to identify AD subtypes. Subtypes will be characterized using clinical and demographic data. Finally, variants specific to each cluster will be identified and used to train a predictive machine-learning model to classify new individuals.
Investigator:
Seshadri, Sudha
Institution:
Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX
Project Title:
Therapeutic target discovery in ADSP data via comprehensive whole-genome analysis incorporating ethnic diversity and systems approaches
Date of Approval:
August 12, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective: Utilize ADSP data sets to identify genes & specific genetic variants that confer risk for or protection from Alzheimer disease. Aim 1: Using combined WGS/WES across the ADSP Discovery, Disc-Ext, and FUS Phases, including single nucleotide variants, small insertion/deletions, and structural variants. We will: Aim 1a. Perform whole genome single variant and rare variant case/control association analyses of AD using ADSP and other available data; Aim 1b. Target protective variant identification via association analysis using selected controls within the ADSP data and performing meta analysis across association results based on selected controls from non-ADSP data sets. Aim 1c. Perform endophenotype analyses including cognitive function measures, hippocampal volume and circulation beta-amyloid ADSP data in subjects for which these measures are available. Meta analysis will be conducted across ADSP and non-ADSP analysis results. Aim 2: To leverage ethnically-diverse and admixed populations to identify AD variants we will: Aim 2a. Estimate and account for global and local ancestry in all analyses; Aim 2b. Perform admixture mapping in samples of admixed ancestry; and Aim 2c. Perform ethnicity-specific and trans-ethnic meta-analyses. Aim 3: To identify putative therapeutic targets through functional characterization of genes and networks via bioinformatics, integrative ‘omics analyses. We will: Aim 3a. Annotate variants with their functional consequences using bioinformatic tools and publicly available “omics” data. Aim 3b. Prioritize results, group variants with shared function, and identify key genes functionally related to AD via weighted association analyses and network approaches. Analyses will be performed in coordination with the following PIs. Coordination will involve sharing expertise, analysis plans or analysis results. No individual level data will be shared across institutions. Philip De Jager, Columbia University; Eric Boerwinkle & Myriam Fornage, U of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Sudha Seshadri, U of Texas, San Antonio; Ellen Wijsman, U of Washington. William Salerno, Baylor College of Medicine
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
This proposal seeks to analyze existing genetic sequencing data generated as part of the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) including the ADSP Follow-up Study (FUS) with the goal of identifying genes and specific changes within those genes that either confer risk for Alzheimer’s Disease or provide protection from Alzheimer’s Disease. Analytic challenges include analysis of whole genome sequencing data, appropriately accounting for population structure across European ancestry, Hispanic, and African American participants, and interpreting results in the context of other genomic data available.
Investigator:
Shah, Naisha
Institution:
J. Craig Venter Institute
Project Title:
Multimodal Analysis of AD
Date of Approval:
October 5, 2020
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The principal goal of this study is to identify novel genetic signatures associations with subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Specifically, we aim to (a) identify subtypes of AD using phenotypic variables including age-of-onset, sex, years of education, clinical measurements, and neurocognitive measurements, and (b) identify novel genetic signatures that include rare variants, APOE status and/or polygenic risk scores (PRS), which are associated with these subtypes. Current knowledge from literature and databases will be utilized to perform feature engineering such as calculation of PRS and genomic-region-based-bins for rare variant burden. We will employ unsupervised learning such as community detection and clustering algorithms to identify subtypes of AD, and supervised learning such as decision tree and regularization algorithms to find genetic signatures that are associated with the subtypes. The identified genetic signatures will be evaluated using appropriate performance metrics for the predictive models used. As more phenotypic variables are made available, the models will be updated to refine the subtypes with better characterization. It is anticipated that the novel genetic signatures will yield insight into the etiologies of the heterogeneous Alzheimer’s disease, and therefore provide opportunities to develop personalized treatments.Initially, we will use the NIAGADS data to generate preliminary data for grant submissions. After receiving award, the project would utilize the very valuable dataset fully.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a heterogeneous condition and is high heritable (58-79% heritability for late-onset and >90% heritability for early-onset). We have yet to identify large proportion of genetic variants that either increase or decrease risk for different subtypes of AD such as early-onset or late-onset. In the proposed study, we plan to identify genetic signatures for the different subtypes of AD. Unraveling the heterogeneity of AD and its associated genetic signatures is critical for implementation of precision medicine to combat such a devastating disease.
Investigator:
Sharp, Andrew
Institution:
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Project Title:
Investigating the role of tandem repeat variation in Alzheimer’s disease
Date of Approval:
March 7, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Variation in tandem repeats (TRs), particularly large expansions of triplet repeats (eg. polyCAG), are known to cause a number of late-onset neurological diseases. Due to their repetitive and degenerate nature, variations in TRs are typically ignored by standard genome analysis pipelines. Furthermore, pathogenic repeat expansions typically span hundreds to thousands of bases, making variations in them difficult to detect in short read data. However, recently a number of specialized algorithms have been developed which enable expansions of short TRs (motif sizes 1-12bp) to be detected in short-read sequencing data. Our lab has also developed approaches that allow the copy number of repeats with larger motifs (motif size ranging from 12bp-200kb) to be estimated based on read depth. We hypothesize that variation in TR regions contributes to risk of AD, and will test two hypotheses:1. That rare pathogenic expansions of TRs (either in the “full” or “pre-mutation” range) occur at increased frequency in AD patients compared to controls. 2. That length variation in TRs of all sizes represents a class of common genetic variation that may alter an individual’s susceptibility to AD.In Aim 1, we will search for expansions of microsatellite repeats using tools such as ExpansionHunter, exSTRa and STRetch, that analyze WGS BAM files for signatures of expansion. We will look for loci with an excess of rare outlier genotypes in cases vs controls. If loci showing rare expansions in cases are identified, if possible, we would request aliquots of DNA from the specific individuals to perform long-read sequencing to validate the presence of potentially pathogenic repeat expansions. In Aim 2, we will use read depth approaches to estimate copy number of large TRs. We will compare estimated copy numbers of these repetitive regions in cases vs. controls to identify TR loci that show significant associations of copy number with AD compared to controls. Analysis will incorporate technical and biological covariates, such as principal components of WGS read depth data, ethnicity from SNV data, gender, etc, and will utilize a multiple testing correction for genome-wide analysis.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Some types of neurodegenerative diseases are known to be caused by a specific type of genetic mutation where a short piece of DNA becomes repeated hundreds of time. Termed “repeat expansions”, these types of mutation can be difficult to find using standard methods scientists use to sequence DNA. We believe that some cases of Alzheimer’s disease may also be caused by repeat expansions. We will apply new analysis approaches that are specifically designed to find these repeat expansions in genome sequencing data, with the aim of finding novel types of genetic mutation that contribute to some cases of Alzheimer’s disease.
Investigator:
Shelton, Janie
Institution:
Bristol Myers Squibb
Project Title:
A longitudinal study of Alzheimer’s Disease and other dementing illnesses – KnightADRC GWAS
Date of Approval:
January 30, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Recently approved Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapies, such as lecanemab (Leqembi) and donanemab (Kisunla), represent a significant advancement toward disease-modifying treatment. However, their impact on cognitive decline remains modest, and both are associated with potentially serious adverse events, including amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). These limitations underscore the urgent need for additional therapeutic strategies to reduce disease burden. Genetic approaches offer a powerful avenue for drug target discovery, with evidence suggesting that genetically supported targets are at least twice as likely to progress successfully through clinical development to FDA approval (Nelson et al., 2015, Nat Genet; King et al., 2019, PLoS Genet; Minikel et al., 2024, Nature). To date, most genetic studies in AD have focused on identifying loci associated with disease risk. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered approximately 75 risk loci (Bellenguez et al., 2022, Nat Genet), providing valuable insights into disease etiology. However, therapeutic interventions are typically aimed at individuals already diagnosed with AD, making the genetics of disease progression a critical—yet underexplored—complementary approach for target discovery. Progression-focused genetic studies face challenges due to limited availability of longitudinal phenotypic data. To address this, meta-analysis of multiple GWAS datasets offers a practical strategy to increase statistical power and detect robust associations. We propose to incorporate summary statistics from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight-ADRC) AD progression GWAS into a meta-analysis alongside several publicly available and proprietary datasets. Our objective is to identify novel genetic drivers of AD progression, prioritize new therapeutic targets, and assess the impact of existing pipeline candidates on disease trajectory.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
New Alzheimer’s treatments like lecanemab (Leqembi) and donanemab (Kisunla) are an important step forward in the search for ways to help patients, but these drugs have only moderate benefits and can come with serious side effects. Better therapies are still needed to reduce the impact of the disease. Genetics offers a powerful way to discover new drugs—studies show that treatments based on genetic findings are more likely to succeed. So far most genetic research has focused on the genes which increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s, but understanding genes that drive how the disease progresses in Alzheimer’s patients may be even more beneficial. However this type of data, which involves following participants over time, is limited, combining results from multiple smaller studies (a meta-analysis) can help uncover important patterns. We plan to add data from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center to a larger analysis to find new genetic clues, identify better treatment targets, and evaluate how current and future drugs may slow disease progression.
Investigator:
Shen, Li
Institution:
University of Pennsylvania
Project Title:
AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease): Ultrascale Machine Learning to Empower Discovery in Alzheimer’s Disease Biobanks
Date of Approval:
November 21, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify AD genotypes and endophenotypes that dissect AD’s heterogeneity; 2) relate said genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data. The goals of this multisite initiative (Paul Thompson, USC; Christos Davatzikos, Li Shen, Penn; Andy Saykin, IU; Heng Huang, Pitt, Paul Crane, UW; Adam Brickman, Columbia; Tim Hohman, Vanderbilt; Guyngah Jun, BU; Duygu Tosun, UCSF; Alexander Zaranek, Curii) leverage the promise of machine learning (ML) to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments. We will develop ML and deep learning methods to apply to large scale biobanks of whole genome sequences (WGS), neuroimaging, cognitive, and clinical data, aiming to discover new genomic features that influence biological processes of AD. We will apply methods of genome representation and tiling to WGS repositories to create inputs for AI methods. We will develop novel, interpretable, biological knowledge guided deep learning methods to discover genomic motifs associated with AD, AD risk, and biological processes of AD as defined by NIA-AA criteria. To quantify subtypes and disentangle biological processes of AD, we will apply computational methods to multimodal MRI and amyloid- and tau-sensitive PET to stratify and subtype patient groups; novel imaging genomics methods will detect genomic markers and pathways that modulate the developing pathology as detected in the images, and that predict future clinical decline or resilience. We hypothesize that advanced deep learning methods combined with whole genome data will outperform traditional methods and GWAS for predicting AD onset and progression, and will assist with disease subtyping and discovering treatable targets in the genome. A team will rank and repurpose existing, and identify novel drugs and targets in the genome based on the discovered genetic motifs affecting AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to extensive and rich genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify genotypes and endophenotypes of AD that dissect the heterogeneity of the disease; 2) relate these genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression, in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD, by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data at a previously impossible scale. Collectively, the goals of this highly collaborative multi-site initiative leverage the promise of machine learning to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments.
Investigator:
Shen, Li
Institution:
University of Pennsylvania
Project Title:
Artificial Intelligence Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease Research
Date of Approval:
June 21, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The goal of this project is to develop artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for extracting unforeseen patterns from clinical, genetic, genomic, and imaging data that could lead to ideas for new drug development or drug repurposing. Our proposed AI methods and software will be open-source, user-friendly, and freely available for all to use. Specifically, we will analyze ADSP data sets using three novel informatics methods to tailor our automated machine learning (AutoML) tool to the analysis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) data. First, we will develop a Multi-Modal Interaction (M2I) feature selection algorithm for identifying genetic interactions that are predictive of AD (AIM 1). Second, we will develop a Knowledge-driven Multi-omics Integration (KMI) algorithm for combining omics features for AI analysis of AD (AIM 2). Third, we will develop a Multidimensional Brain Imaging Omics (MBIO) integration framework for the joint analysis of multisource large-scale data for predicting AD. Finally, we will integrate all three biomedical informatics methods into our open-source AutoML software package and apply it to the ADSP data sets. We expect our methods will reveal new biomarkers for AD that will open the door for better treatments and clinical decision support.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The goal of this project is to develop artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for extracting unforeseen patterns from clinical, genetic, genomic, and imaging data that could lead to ideas for new drug development or drug repurposing. We will develop three biomedical informatics methods with focuses on genetics, genomics and imaging respectively. We will integrate these methods into our open-source AutoML software package, and apply it to the ADSP data sets. We expect our methods will reveal new biomarkers for AD that will open the door for better treatments and clinical decision support.
Investigator:
Shortt, Jonathan
Institution:
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Project Title:
Understanding the role of genetic admixture in Alzheimer's disease risk in Latino populations
Date of Approval:
September 5, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
We aim to evaluate the potential modification of AD risk and manifestation of AD phenotypes through varying patterns of admixture, local ancestry, and global ancestry proportions within and between Latíno populations. We aim to develop an ancestry informed risk model and report how consideration of local and global ancestry may influence estimated effects of known AD risk factors to influence AD risk and phenotypes. We will leverage this information to build improved PRS and compare local ancestry aware methods to other common methods for improving multi-ancestry portability of PRS scores. Specifically our study aims to classify: 1. The risk of AD conferred by the local ancestry of genetic risk factors in admixed populations 2. Methods and computational pipeline for establishing an ancestry informed risk score for AD in admixed populations from the US and Latin America 3. How patterns of admixture across a genome influence AD risk and modify associations with common co-morbidities or AD risk in response to social determinants of health or heath and other non-genetic AD risk factors. 4. How local ancestry informed PRS compare to other common methods for PRS derivation in admixed populations (PRS-CSx for example, as well as PolyPred-S, SBayesRC, etc, and other to-be published methods) including PRS methods which leverage ADRD-relevant functional annotation and QTL resources, such as for transcriptome based risk scoring Since we will be using multiple data sets and harmonization of those data might not be the most statistically appropriate route to answer the specific questions our project seeks to address, we will in some cases perform a meta-analysis. To complete a meta- analysis specific to each objective of this proposal, we will employ a meta-analysis framework that has utility in both multiethnic and ethnic-specific analysis. Additionally, where appropriate, we will use linear mixed effects models and linear regression models to measure associations/correlations of the variables we will examine in our investigation (e.g. associations/correlations of longitudinal or cross-sectional global cognition with gene expression).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
AD disparities between populations are well documented and are influenced by both social determinants of health and the genetic architecture specific ethnic groups. Our research aims to build a comprehensive model that elucidates how AD risk is modified in response of varying patterns of admixture within and between Latino populations. This study will report how ancestry differentiated and specific genetic loci (in terms of both variant frequency and effect size) modify AD risk, if differential patterns of admixture influence AD risk in the context of global ancestry proportions, and whether the expressivity of AD phenotypes is modified by admixture patterns across the genome in Latíno populations. Furthermore, this study will determine whether non-genetic risk factors along in combination with environmental risk factors that may be specific to sub-populations of Latínos mediate risk for AD in response to differential patterns of admixture.
Investigator:
Singleton, Andrew
Institution:
National Institute on Aging
Project Title:
Genetic Characterization of Movement Disorders and Dementias
Date of Approval:
January 28, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The goal of this project is to utilize standard genetics tools and ensemble/deep learning methods to predict/classify the etiological aspects of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases based on genetic data and genomic data (including individual level data e.g. genotype and sequencing data, transcriptomic, and epigenomics data, and also by the use of summary statistics). Our primary phenotypes of interest include case:control status, age at onset, survival time (in terms of disease duration from diagnosis to loss to follow-up) and related biomarker data, although there may be other phenotypes of interest that are derived later based on available data.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We are attempting to identify and predict risk of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases based on genetic and genomic data using standard tools and advanced machine-learning methods.
Investigator:
Sirota, Marina
Institution:
UCSF
Project Title:
Elucidating Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease Using Genetics
Date of Approval:
January 30, 2024
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder caused by interactions among multiple genetic and environmental factors. A major challenge of studying AD pathogenesis and developing and testing new drugs is the disease heterogeneity in both clinical phenotype and the underlying pathophysiology. Sex differences both play a significant role in disease risk and are a major source of disease heterogeneity in AD. Although the sex differences in the risk of AD, vulnerability to genetic load and severity of AD pathology burden have been well established, the molecular underpinnings and pathways that are differentially mediated in male and female AD patients are still poorly understood. The goal of this project is to analyze publicly available, large-scale genomic datasets of AD patients and age-matched controls to identify genomic regions that are associated with AD differentially in male and female patients and examine their interactive effects with apoE genotypes.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We would like to leverage GWAS and other sequencing efforts in AD to identify sex specific markers associated with the disease.
Investigator:
Song, Qianqian
Institution:
University of Florida
Project Title:
Unraveling Genetic Variants and Risk Factors in Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
March 7, 2025
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives of the proposed research: Our research aims to investigate the role of genetic variants in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We seek to identify and understand genetic factors that may contribute differently to AD risk in males and females. We also aim to identify the genetic variants for a certain cohort of AD patients receiving drug treatment.Study design: We will utilize data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) resource to perform rigorous genetic analyses. This includes genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify sex-specific and cohort-specific genetic variants associated with AD. We will also employ bioinformatics and functional genomics approaches to annotate and characterize these variants, exploring their potential impact on gene function and regulation.Analysis plan: We will collect the available genetic and phenotype data to perform association analyses (e.g., logistic regression) to identify genetic variants associated with AD within each sex/cohort. Multiple testing correction using appropriate methods (e.g., Bonferroni correction or false discovery rate control) will be performed. We will annotate identified genetic variants with functional information (e.g., functional impact on genes, pathways, regulatory elements). Enrichment analysis will be conducted to understand the biological processes affected by sex-specific or cohort-specific variants.Planned collaboration at other institutions: Name of collaborator: Adam Naj; Institution: University of Pennsylvania This collaboration involves joint efforts to achieve shared goals, with specific objectives, tasks, and outcomes in mind. Such collaborations may involve the exchange of expertise, resources, or personnel to leverage collective strengths and achieve more impactful results than would be possible independently.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Our study aims to uncover if and how Alzheimer's Disease affects sex-specific and drug-treated sub-cohorts differently. We'll analyze genomics data to find specific genetic factors associated with the disease in each sub-cohort. Then, we'll explore how these factors work and their impact on Alzheimer's development. Our goal is to provide insights that could lead to more personalized approaches for Alzheimer's diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving our understanding of this disease.
Investigator:
Stefansson, Hreinn
Institution:
deCODE genetics
Project Title:
Meta-analysis of AD
Date of Approval:
May 30, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The data will undergo meta-analysis, combining it with another extensive whole-genome sequenced Alzheimer's project encompassing participants from Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. Our analysis will specifically concentrate on the identification of rare sequence variants with significant impact, utilizing burden analysis and investigating loci associated with risk through a recessive mode of inheritance. By pooling these datasets, we hope to gain further insights into the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease, shedding light on rare variants and potential recessive risk factors. Our main focus will be on genetics of Alzheimer's disease (G30* + F00*).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The data will undergo meta-analysis, combining it with another extensive whole-genome sequenced Alzheimer's project encompassing participants from Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. Our analysis will specifically concentrate on the identification of rare sequence variants with significant impact, utilizing burden analysis and investigating loci associated with risk through a recessive mode of inheritance. By pooling these datasets, we hope to gain further insights into the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease, shedding light on rare variants and potential recessive risk factors.
Investigator:
Sul, Jae Hoon
Institution:
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
Project Title:
Impact of common and rare genetic variants in Alzheimer's Disease using whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing data
Date of Approval:
January 11, 2021
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a strong genetic component, and several studies have identified genetic variants that influence AD. A majority of those variants are common variants that appear frequently in a population, and studies have also found that those variants do not explain all of genetic basis of AD. This finding has led genetic studies to investigate effect of rare variants that may have larger effect than that of common variants. To better understand effect of rare variants on AD, we aim to ADSP whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome datasets. We will determine whether rare variants in genes appear more frequently among AD patients than controls. Our lab has developed several statistical approaches for the rare variant association method (both case/control and family), and we will apply these methods to the ADSP dataset. Through this analysis, we will quantify the effect of rare variants on AD. We will also estimate polygenic risk scores (PRS) of individuals with AD and compare them to those without AD. We will check how much phenotypic variance of AD is explained by PRS.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a strong genetic component, and although several studies found several genetic variations associated with AD, they do not explain all of genetic basis of AD. Those genetic variations are mostly common in population, and recent studies have shown that rare genetic variations may also influence AD. In this study, we propose to identify rare genetic variations that are associated with AD by applying the statistical approaches that combine effect of multiple rare variants. Our lab has developed several methods to identify effect of rare variants both among unrelated individuals and among family members. We will apply these methods to the ADSP dataset and find rare variants associated with AD. In addition to rare variants, we will also investigate effect of common variants using a method called polygenic risk score. These analyses in this study will elucidate impact of both common and rare variants in AD.
Investigator:
Sweet, Robert
Institution:
University of Pittsburgh
Project Title:
Prediction of Psychosis in Alzheimer Disease
Date of Approval:
March 14, 2024
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
• Objectives of the proposed research: To identify genetic correlates of psychotic symptoms, defined as the occurrence of delusions or hallucinations, in individuals with Alzheimer Disease (AD+Psychosis, AD+P)• Study design: Individuals who were analyzed in our genome-wide meta-analysis of psychosis in AD (https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.07.20139261v1 and Mol Psychiatry, in revision) who have available whole exome or whole genome sequence data will be included. We will analyze the association of psychosis with the presence of missense, stop/gain/truncating, and canonical splice site mutations with the presence of psychosis at all loci in which our GWAS identified a suggestive (p<10-6) or a significant (p<5x10-8) association with psychosis.• Analysis plan: Analyses as described above will be conducted in individuals of European ancestry using Fisher’s exact test and the SKAT family of tests as appropriate. Psychosis presence/absence will be as defined in https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.07.20139261v1. Covariates (sex, CDR score, age) will be included as appropriate.• If applicable, a brief description of any planned collaboration with researchers at other institutions, including the name of the collaborator(s) and their institutions(s). N/A
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Individuals who develop psychotic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations during Alzheimer disease (AD) have a more rapid deterioration and worse outcomes. We have found that the risk for developing psychosis during AD is influenced by genetic factors. In this proposed research plan, we build on our prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) of psychosis in the context of AD by asking if promising GWAS signal corresponds to association signal from whole-exome sequencing. To do so, we evaluate the correspondence between our GWAS association signals and those from whole-exome sequencing. We will also conduct an exploratory analysis of individuals with AD, with and without psychosis, for sequence variants that predispose to psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer disease.
Investigator:
Tanzi, Rudolph
Institution:
Massachusetts General Hospital
Project Title:
ADSP extension
Date of Approval:
May 21, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Late-onset AD (LOAD) is caused by a complex polygenic and environmental background. Whole genome sequencing provides comprehensive coverage of the genome and has several advantages over exome sequencing and genotyping. We plan to use an aggregated collection of whole genome sequenced family-based and case-control datasets to address the following goals. 1) Identify variants (specifically rare) and regions associated with AD (and related or derived phenotypes) or showing an interaction pattern; 2) Functionally finemap associated loci and identify the functional impact of associated variants in non-coding regions; 3) Use identified variants to validate them in a 3D neural-glial culture model. We will utilize several datasets with whole genome sequencing data, including AD datasets from National Institiute of Mental Health (NIMH) AD family sample and Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project. We will use family-based association tests robust to population confounding and other approaches suitable for case-control studies. Novel analysis approaches will be developed and tested. Analysis results and derived data will be made available to the research community.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with a huge burden on the healthcare system and the 6th leading cause of death in the United States. Sequenced DNA from people will help us to better describe the genetic architecture of AD. We will utilize two types of genomic datasets: genomes from related individuals (family-based) and genomes from unrelated individuals (case/control). Identified functional variants will be validated in a 3D neural-glial culture model and enhance the biological understanding of AD.
Investigator:
TCW, Julia
Institution:
Boston University School of Medicine
Project Title:
ADSP xQTL
Date of Approval:
May 16, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Population-based genetic association studies have identified over 30 risk loci for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, such approaches do not directly reveal the true causal variants or unfold the functional mechanisms of the risk variants. To bridge these gaps, we need to investigate the functional impacts of genetic variants on molecular traits (e.g., mRNA, proteins, and epigenetic modifications) in disease-relevant tissues (e.g. brains) and cell types. We hypothesize that many of the SNPs influence multiple clinical and molecular features. By integrating the genetic associations with functional quantitative trait loci (QTLs), we aim to investigate the potential cascading causal effect of genetic variations in multiple layers of omics data in AD.In this proposal, we plan to perform a multi-omic quantitative trait locus (xQTL) analyses to RNA-seq, proteomics, and DNA methylation data from the large number of postmortem brain tissues available from the AMP-AD project. This study will be part of NIH/NIA Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) Functional Genomics xQTL Consortium, a joint effort to generate a reference map of Alzheimer's-related quantitative loci (QTLs). Specifically, our team will be responsible for the xQTL analysis in the Mount Sinai Brain Bank (MSBB) cohort, which contains whole-genome sequencing (WGS), RNA-seq gene expression, proteomics, and DNA methylation data from over 300 AD and control brains. We will follow the unified xQTL calling pipelines developed by the xQTL Consortium to predict QTLs and conduct the subsequent fine mapping, causal inference, and functional annotation integration. We will validate the identified xQTLs in independent samples from the ROSMAP cohort. Through the AMP-AD portal, we already have access to the MSBB and ROSMAP sample meta data, RNA-seq raw read files, proteomics and DNA methylation data. However, the WGS genotype data in the AMP-AD portal were called based on the human hg19 genome, inconsistent with the hg38 genome-based genotype data for other studies in the xQTL consortium. Thus, we are applying for the access to the MSBB and ROSMAP WGS hg38 genome-based genotype data available in NIAGADS.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Numerous genetic loci have been identified to associate with when Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs and how it progresses. However, the widely used genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-based approaches do not directly reveal the true causal variants or unfold the functional mechanisms of the risk variants. To bridge these gaps, we plan to study the functional impacts of genetic variants on molecular traits (e.g., mRNA, proteins, and epigenetic modifications) in postmortem brain tissues of large AD cohorts, including Mount Sinai Brain Bank and Religious Orders Study/Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP). By integrating the genetic association signals with the functional quantitative trait loci, we aim to investigate the potential cascading causal effect of genetic variations in multiple layers of omics data in AD.
Investigator:
Thompson, Paul
Institution:
University of Southern California (USC)
Project Title:
AI4AD
Date of Approval:
October 8, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify AD genotypes and endophenotypes that dissect AD’s heterogeneity; 2) relate said genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data. The goals of this multisite initiative (Paul Thompson, USC; Christos Davatzikos, Li Shen, Penn; Andy Saykin, IU; Heng Huang, Pitt, Paul Crane, UW; Adam Brickman, Columbia; Tim Hohman, Vanderbilt; Guyngah Jun, BU; Duygu Tosun, UCSF; Alexander Zaranek, Curii) leverage the promise of machine learning (ML) to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments. We will develop ML and deep learning methods to apply to large scale biobanks of whole genome sequences (WGS), neuroimaging, cognitive, and clinical data, aiming to discover new genomic features that influence biological processes of AD. We will apply methods of genome representation and tiling to WGS repositories to create inputs for AI methods. We will develop novel, interpretable, biological knowledge guided deep learning methods to discover genomic motifs associated with AD, AD risk, and biological processes of AD as defined by NIA-AA criteria. To quantify subtypes and disentangle biological processes of AD, we will apply computational methods to multimodal MRI and amyloid- and tau-sensitive PET to stratify and subtype patient groups; novel imaging genomics methods will detect genomic markers and pathways that modulate the developing pathology as detected in the images, and that predict future clinical decline or resilience. We hypothesize that advanced deep learning methods combined with whole genome data will outperform traditional methods and GWAS for predicting AD onset and progression, and will assist with disease subtyping and discovering treatable targets in the genome. A team will rank and repurpose existing, and identify novel drugs and targets in the genome based on the discovered genetic motifs affecting AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to extensive and rich genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify genotypes and endophenotypes of AD that dissect the heterogeneity of the disease; 2) relate these genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression, in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD, by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data at a previously impossible scale. Collectively, the goals of this highly collaborative multi-site initiative leverage the promise of machine learning to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments.
Investigator:
Thompson, Paul
Institution:
University of Southern California (USC)
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
November 22, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups and initiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology. Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative – the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” – is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Torkamani, Ali
Institution:
The Scripps Research Institute
Project Title:
Genetic Dissection of Cognitive Resilience
Date of Approval:
September 3, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Our goal is an improved understanding of the genetic contributors to cognitive resilience in neurodegenerative disease (ND) and normal aging, and the development of machine-learning (ML) models for the prediction of expected cognition and its decline. Our specific aims are: I: Identify novel genetic factors for cognitive resilience through the development of genetically informed, ML models of cognition. We will define a novel measure of residual cognition using ML to identify novel genetic associations for cognitive resilience. To achieve this aim, we will: (1) Characterize and compare the degree of association between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and measured risk and resilience factors with risk of diagnosis, cognition, and cognitive decline across NDs. (2) Develop integrated, multi-PRS predictive models of cognition in normal aging, which will be further refined to account for neuropathology in AD, PD, and ADRSs. Comparison of these models will highlight differences in factors driving cognition across ND conditions. (3) Conduct genome-wide and rare variant association studies of cognitive resilience, as quantified by a novel continuous residual cognition measure defined in (2). II: Identify and characterize genetic signatures of cognitive resilience in healthy aging. Similarly, we will characterize if and how ND, cognitive reserve, and brain structure PRS associated with cognition in healthy aging - in cohorts including ADSP and Wellderly. To identify novel genetic contributors, we will identify individuals with outlying genetic signatures of risk to cognitive decline – and perform association studies and analyses as in I.3. III: Genetically informed dissection of the causal contributions of cognitive / brain reserve in cognitive resilience. We will dissect the causal relationship between cognitive resilience, educational attainment, and neuroimaging features. Using polygenic Mendelian randomization analysis, educational attainment, and brain structure PRS as instrument variables, and measured educational attainment and brain imaging as exposures, we can dissect the relationship between cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and cognitive decline in ND.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Cognitive decline occurs during normal brain aging and during neurodegeneration. Understanding shared genetic factors that protect from cognitive decline in aging and neurodegeneration may help inform strategies to stop its decline. The focus of this proposal is to identify those genetic factors that protect against cognitive decline. In particular, we aim to identify novel genetic factors involved in cognitive resilience through associative, predictive, and causal analysis strategies. The overarching goal is an improved understanding of the genetic contributors to cognitive resilience in neurodegenerative disease and normal aging, and the development of machine-learning (ML) models for the prediction of expected cognition and its decline, which will have downstream utility in clinical trial design, clinical decision-making, and have the potential to reveal determinants of therapeutic response in neurodegenerative diseases.
Investigator:
Tosun, Duygu
Institution:
San Francisco VA Health Care System
Project Title:
AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease): Ultrascale Machine Learning to Empower Discovery in Alzheimer’s Disease Biobanks
Date of Approval:
August 11, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify AD genotypes and endophenotypes that dissect AD’s heterogeneity; 2) relate said genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data. The goals of this multisite initiative (Paul Thompson, USC; Christos Davatzikos, Li Shen, Penn; Andy Saykin, IU; Heng Huang, Pitt, Paul Crane, UW; Adam Brickman, Columbia; Tim Hohman, Vanderbilt; Guyngah Jun, BU; Duygu Tosun, UCSF; Alexander Zaranek, Curii) leverage the promise of machine learning (ML) to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments. We will develop ML and deep learning methods to apply to large scale biobanks of whole genome sequences (WGS), neuroimaging, cognitive, and clinical data, aiming to discover new genomic features that influence biological processes of AD. We will apply methods of genome representation and ‘tiling’ to WGS repositories to create inputs for AI methods. We will develop novel, interpretable, biological knowledge guided deep learning methods to discover genomic motifs associated with AD, AD risk, and biological processes of AD as defined by NIA-AA criteria. To quantify subtypes and disentangle biological processes of AD, we will apply computational methods to multimodal MRI and amyloid- and tau-sensitive PET to stratify and subtype patient groups; novel imaging genomics methods will detect genomic markers and pathways that modulate the developing pathology as detected in the images, and that predict future clinical decline or resilience. We hypothesize that advanced deep learning methods combined with whole genome data will outperform traditional methods and GWAS for predicting AD onset and progression, and will assist with disease subtyping and discovering treatable targets in the genome. A team will rank and repurpose existing, and identify novel drugs and targets in the genome based on the discovered genetic motifs affecting AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to extensive and rich genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify genotypes and endophenotypes of AD that dissect the heterogeneity of the disease; 2) relate these genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression, in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD, by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data at a previously impossible scale. Collectively, the goals of this highly collaborative multi-site initiative leverage the promise of machine learning to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments.
Investigator:
Tosun, Duygu
Institution:
San Francisco VA Health Care System
Project Title:
Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC)
Date of Approval:
February 6, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The ADSP-PHC was established to harmonize the rich endophenotype data across cohort studies to enable modern genomic analyses of ADRD with the ultimate goal to generate harmonized data that will become a “legacy” dataset perpetually curated and shared NIAGADS. The ADSP-PHC will facilitate phenotypic data harmonization for ADSP participants with genetic and genomic data. This effort represents a multi-disciplinary approach leveraging interdisciplinary expertise in large-scale genetic and genomic studies, clinical neuroscience, neuroimaging, psychometrics, and bioinformatics. This study will utilize a team structure consisting of two coordinating centers to oversee activities of all harmonization teams and to oversee coordination with other ADSP workgroups andinitiatives, a Storage and Informatics Core that will oversee the coordination between LONI and NIAGADS for all data storage, compliance, and dissemination, a CHARGE Coordination Core to oversee the alignment of data and protocols with CHARGE workgroups, an Integration & Analytics Core that will enable data integration across phenotypes to facilitate downstream machine learning applications, and eight Domain-Specific Harmonization Teams tasked with harmonization in their area of expertise. The endophenotypes that will be harmonized by this project include Cognition, Fluid Biomarkers, Amyloid PET, Structural MRI, White Matter Hyperintensities, White Matter Integrity, Vascular Risk Factors, and Neuropathology. Site PIs on this project include: Jesse Mez (Boston University), Adam Brickman (Columbia University), Andy Saykin (Indiana University), Elizabeth Mormino (Stanford University), Pauline Maillard (UC Davis), Duygu Tosun-Turgut (UC San Francisco), Christos Davatzikos (University of Pennsylvania), Arthur Toga (USC); Mohamad Habes (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), Michael Cuccaro (University of Miami), Paul Crane (University of Washington), Bennett Landman (Vanderbilt University), Timothy Hohman (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and Carlos Cruchaga (Washington University in St. Louis).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The growing availability of endophenotypic data in cohort studies of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) provides an exciting opportunity to further characterize the genetic architecture of this devastating disease. However, there is a pressing need to develop and apply advanced harmonization approaches to align ADRD endophenotypes across cohorts. The goal of this coordinated national initiative –the AD Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium, or “ADSP-PHC” –is to provide a centralized database of robust endophenotypes for large-scale genomic analyses that will accelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD. willaccelerate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in ADRD.
Investigator:
Tzeng, Jung-Ying
Institution:
Department of Statistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University
Project Title:
Genetic Association Study of Alzheimer’s Disease with Whole-Genome and Whole-Exome Sequence Data
Date of Approval:
January 14, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective of the proposed research: Recent studies have found that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and copy number variations (CNVs) can both play significant roles in missing heritability of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In this project, we propose to conduct a comprehensive investigation on both variant types and understand their contributions in AD risk. Study design: We will use the whole-genome (WGS) and whole-exome (WES) sequence data in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) and conduct case-control association analyses of SNPs and CNVs. Analysis plan: Using the ADSD sequence data, we will start with CNV detection and characterization of CNV sequence features (e.g., microhomology, non-template insertions, and segmental duplications) to understand potential mechanisms of CNV formation. Next, we will study the association of AD status with SNPs and CNVs (common and rare) using standard association methods and adjusting for population structure (PS) and ages of onset. We will also develop and apply new methods using kernel and regularized regressions to assure efficient modeling of joint SNP-CNV effects from common and rare variants. We will perform ethnic-specific and ethnic-combined association analyses. We will use principle-component-based methods to adjust for PS, but also explore the efficacy of other PS adjustment methods. Finally, we will conduct biological annotation on identified risk variants. Collaborators: The team includes researchers from University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) and North Carolina State University (NCSU). UPenn researchers include Gerard Schellenberg (PI: Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine), Li-San Wang (PI: Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine), Wan-Ping Lee (PI: Research Assistant Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine), Adam Naj (Assistant Professor of Biostatistics and Epidemiology) and Yuk Yee Leung (Research Assistant Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine).
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Copy number variants (CNVs) are DNA regions that have gains (duplications) or losses (deletions). CNVs affect a considerable number of base pairs in the human genome. Unlike single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that has been broadly studied in diseases, CNVs were not intensively discovered. The large-scale Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) provides a systematic way to capture nearly all genomic variations and to study the genetic basis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In this project, using the data of affected and unaffected samples from ADSP, we propose to conduct a comprehensive investigation on both variant types (SNPs and CNVs) and study their contributions in AD risk and etiology. We will start with CNV genotyping, followed by conducting standard association analysis of AD with SNPs and CNVs. We will also develop and apply new analytical methods for efficient modeling of joint SNP-CNV effects from common and rare variants. Finally, we will conduct functional annotation on identified risk variants to uncover possible biological mechanisms.
Investigator:
Valdmanis, Paul
Institution:
University of Washington
Project Title:
Quantification of Noncoding Variant Burden in DNA De-Identified Samples and Data from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Versus Controls.
Date of Approval:
November 7, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Alternative splicing patterns are notoriously complex and diverse in the brain. Moreover, appropriate regulation of brain-specific splicing is lost during normal aging, which can be exacerbated by trauma or oxidative stress. We have evaluated RNA sequencing data from brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and age-matched controls. Our analysis has revealed several alternative splice products and intronic repeat sequences that are enriched in patients with AD in genes implicated in disease (APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2). Our primary objective is to integrate our RNA sequencing results with whole genome sequence data to identify intronic variants that in combination with alternative splicing products may predispose to AD. We will study AD cases and controls to identify a rare variant burden analysis across defined genomic regions. Our analysis plan is as follows: we will extract genomic regions corresponding to intronic regions that can influence alternative splicing from CRAM files. We will quantify the presence of small insertions, deletions and variants in cases and controls and use splicing prediction software to identify the potential contribution to disease. We will determine the burden of these nucleotide changes in cases, controls and large sequencing databases (e.g. Gnomad) and perform t-tests and Chi-square tests to quantify whether an enrichment of intronic variants are present in patients with AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The genetic information that can be ascertained from large scale sequencing projects can enable novel discoveries for genes that can contribute to disease. The primary objective of many of these projects is to detect nucleotide changes that alter the protein encoded by the host gene. However, the same sequencing information can be used to identify non-coding elements of the genome that can contribute to disease, including variants that can influence splicing – the appropriate assembly of exons that are spliced together to form a gene. As we age, certain elements that preserve tight regulation of exon choice lose effectiveness, particularly when faced with injury or various stressors. We wish to detect variants that influence alternative splicing products in the context of relaxed regulation of exon choice and integrate findings with RNA sequencing databases to identify methods to preserve appropriate splicing.
Investigator:
Vanner, Robert
Institution:
University Health Network
Project Title:
CHIP in the aging brain
Date of Approval:
September 5, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The proposed project seeks to uncover the effects of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and inflammation on brain aging in health and disease. CH is a common, age-related phenomenon wherein somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells undergo clonal expansion and drive systemic inflammation, potentially influencing the onset and progression of neurological disease. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) on brain aging across healthy and diseased states, with an emphasis on understanding how CH and aging propagate inflammation in the brain to modulate disease progression. Using genomic sequencing data from peripheral blood and brain tissue samples from The Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) Study, we will apply validated pipelines developed by our group to identify CH (PMID: 36652671) in the cohort. We will then correlate CH status with inflammatory marker expression based on differential expression and pathway analysis using RNA-seq and proteomics data. Additionally, we will leverage neuroimaging data and clinical phenotypes including disease onset and severity to determine the effect of CH on inflammation-mediated pathologies of the brain. This project will be conducted in collaboration with Dr. Michael Rauh at Queen’s University / Dr. Robert Vanner at University Health Network. Drs. Rauh and Vanner jointly supervise PhD student Marco Buttigieg who will be carrying out the research. Our combined expertise in clonal hematopoiesis, aging, and inflammation leaves us well positioned to further our understanding of brain health with aging.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
As we age, a common condition called clonal hematopoiesis (CH) can develop when there are mutations in the stem cells that produce our immune (white blood) cells. These mutations are passed on to new immune cells, causing them to produce too much inflammation. This inflammation raises the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer. Some studies have shown that CH and its related inflammation can have both harmful and protective effects on brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Our research is studying the role of CH and inflammation in brain health and aging. We will use genetic data from blood and brain samples to determine whether or not each study participant has CH. We will then measure how inflammation and markers of brain aging differ between people with and without CH.
Investigator:
Vassar, Robert
Institution:
Northwestern University
Project Title:
Genome-wide analysis and functional assessment of rare variants in Alzheimer's disease
Date of Approval:
March 6, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
The first objective is to perform an exome-wide burden analysis of variants in 10,088 ADSP cases and controls. We will count all alleles per individual across frequencies (AF< 5%, 1%, 0.1%, singleton, ultra-rare variants), functional annotations (Protein altering variants, nonsynonymous, loss-of-function, synonymous and noncoding) and damaging predictions (CADD scores >12.37=damaging). We will also stratify cases according to age of onset (early onset, late onset). Then we will run a logistic regression modeling the number of alleles per individual against disease status, including correction for relevant covariates, such as age, sex, population structure (PCA) and sequencing coverage if applicable. We will correct associations for multiple testing using the Bonferroni method to detect significant results. The second objective is to perform a gene-set burden analysis of the most enriched variants from the previous goal, using gene-list from highly constrained genes according to gnomAD (pLI>0.9), the Molecular Signatures database Hallmark and C2 curated gene-sets, and highly expressed genes from 54 specific GTEx tissues, in order to identify molecular pathways, biological processes and tissue-specific expression patterns enriched. Here we will use the SKAT-O software to perform the variant enrichment on each geneset with the same covariates used on the first objective. We will use 10,000 permutations and a family-wise error rate (FWER< 0.05) as correction for multiple testing to select the most enriched gene-sets and tissues. The third objective will be to run a gene-wise burden test and perform a protein-protein interaction network along with enrichment in brain single-cell expression data, in order to prioritize significant candidate genes. Here we will map variants to single genes and use SKAT-O in a similar way to the previous objective. Then we will take all genes with uncorrected P< 0.05 and run a protein-protein interaction network with WebgestaltR, using the network-topology analysis and random walk algorithm, and Gene-Ontology enrichment of the resulting network using BIOGRID. We will use STRING in order to get network interaction significance.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We will assess the load of rare variants in the 10,088 ADSP Discovery Case Control WES samples across the whole-exome, biological pathways and genes in a “hypothesis-free” approach, leveraging state-of-the art variant annotation tools and databases. We aim to detect the most enriched type of variants in cases that increase risk, including different ages of onset. This approach will help us to increase our power to reveal novel biological pathways and genes associated with AD, expanding the understanding of rare variation and their implication on disease risk.
Investigator:
Wainberg, Michael
Institution:
Sinai Health System
Project Title:
Uncovering the causal genetic variants, genes and cell types underlying brain disorders
Date of Approval:
February 3, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
We propose a multifaceted approach to elucidate and interpret genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. First, we propose to perform a whole-genome sequencing meta-analysis of the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project with the UK Biobank and All of Us to associate rare coding and non-coding variants with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We will explore a variety of case definitions in the UK Biobank and All of Us, including those based on ICD codes from electronic medical records (inpatient, primary care and/or death), self-report of Alzheimer's disease or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and/or family history of Alzheimer's disease or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We will perform single-variant, coding-variant burden, and non-coding variant burden tests using the REGENIE genome-wide association study toolkit.Second, we propose to develop statistical and machine learning models that can effectively infer (“fine-map”) the causal gene(s), variant(s), and cell type(s) underlying each association we find, as well as associations from existing genome-wide association studies and other Alzheimer's- and aging-related cohorts found in NIAGADS. In particular, we propose to improve causal gene identification by incorporating knowledge of gene function as a complement to functional genomics. For instance, we plan to develop improved methods for inferring biological networks, particularly from single-cell data, and integrate these networks with the results of the non-coding associations from our first aim to fine-map causal genes. To fine-map causal variants and cell types, we plan to integrate the associations from our first aim with single-nucleus chromatin accessibility data from postmortem brain cohorts to simultaneously infer which variant(s) are causal for each discovered locus and which cell type(s) they act through.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We have a comprehensive plan to understand and explain the genetic factors that contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Our approach involves two main steps.First, we'll analyze genetic information from large research databases to identify rare genetic changes associated with Alzheimer's and related memory disorders. We'll look at both specific changes in genes and other parts of the genetic code. We'll use data from different studies and combine them to get a clearer picture.Second, we'll create advanced computer models that can help us figure out which specific genes, genetic changes, and cell types are responsible for these associations. This will help us pinpoint the most important factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease. We'll also analyze data from previous studies to build a more complete understanding of these genetic links.
Investigator:
Wang, Li-San
Institution:
University of Pennsylvania
Project Title:
ADSP Data Processing
Date of Approval:
February 15, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
NIAGADS is the data coordinating center for ADSP. This request will allow us to access genotype and phenotype data for all ADSP samples and perform data processing and quality assurance, before distributing to the scientific community.Currently a data deposition plan is being developed by ADSP: 1. Plans for aggregating phenotype, GWAS, and exome chip genotype data are in place, and NIAGADS will work with data contributors to organize and review files before data are distributed to study investigators.2. As suggested by dbGaP, NIAGADS will work with dbGaP/SRA and the three NHGRI large-scale sequencing centers to develop a plan for reviewing incoming sequencing data. This will be done in parallel with basic quality assurance procedures by dbGaP/SRA before data are promoted to archival status and ready for analysis.NIA is in discussion with other similar whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing projects. We plan to harmonize these additional datasets with the ADSP WGS/WES data so the community can combine these datasets for analysis. All associated phenotypes are minimized and there is minimal risk to the participants.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
NIAGADS is the data coordinating center for ADSP. This request will allow us to access genotype and phenotype data for all ADSP samples and perform data processing and quality assurance, before distributing to the scientific community.
Investigator:
Wang, Qi
Institution:
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS
Project Title:
Systematic investigation of genetic contributions of sex chromosomes to Alzheimer's disease
Date of Approval:
January 10, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Sex chromosomes have long been excluded in genetic and genomic research of human diseases, partially due to the technical challenges of analyzing the data from large-scale molecular profiling methods, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS). Yet their contributions are significantly implicated in the sex dimorphism of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this project, the team will apply a sex-chromosome-completement aware alignment approach to re-align large amounts of NGS data from large clinical cohorts of AD, for systematically investigating the genetic contributions of sex chromosomes to AD. Variants will be called based on the realignments, and both X and Y chromosomes will be specifically investigated for the variants’ associations with the harmonized AD phenotypes from ADSP-PHC. The team will also consider the contributions of the homologous X-Y gene pairs to gene expression and perform gene network analysis to evaluate how the expressions affect sex differences in AD. The reprocessed data will be disseminated to the public for broad use to benefit the scientific community. Taken together, the work will lay the foundation for determining the genetic components of sex chromosomes to AD and pave the way for future in-depth study of these genomic features and their implication in sexual dimorphism in AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) impacts millions of US populations, especially women, yet the molecular mechanism behind the sex differences remains poorly understood. This study aims to specifically study the genetic contributions of the sex chromosomes to the observed sex disparities in AD, which will build a benchmark of the molecular mechanism driving sex differences in AD and greatly facilitate untangling the genetic contributions from other factors in its etiology.
Investigator:
Wijsman, Ellen
Institution:
University of Washington
Project Title:
Therapeutic target discovery in ADSP data via comprehensive whole-genome analysis incorporating ethnic diversity and systems approaches
Date of Approval:
October 21, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
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Technical Research Use Statement:
Objective: Utilize ADSP data sets to identify genes & specific genetic variants that confer risk for or protection from Alzheimer disease. Aim 1: Using combined WGS/WES across the ADSP Discovery, Disc-Ext, and FUS Phases, including single nucleotide variants, small insertion/deletions, and structural variants. We will: Aim 1a. Perform whole genome single variant and rare variant case/control association analyses of AD using ADSP and other available data; Aim 1b. Target protective variant identification via association analysis using selected controls within the ADSP data and performing meta analysis across association results based on selected controls from non-ADSP data sets. Aim 1c. Perform endophenotype analyses including cognitive function measures, hippocampal volume and circulation beta-amyloid ADSP data in subjects for which these measures are available. Meta analysis will be conducted across ADSP and non-ADSP analysis results. Aim 2: To leverage ethnically-diverse and admixed populations to identify AD variants we will: Aim 2a. Estimate and account for global and local ancestry in all analyses; Aim 2b. Perform admixture mapping in samples of admixed ancestry; and Aim 2c. Perform ethnicity-specific and trans-ethnic meta-analyses. Aim 3: To identify putative therapeutic targets through functional characterization of genes and networks via bioinformatics, integrative ‘omics analyses. We will: Aim 3a. Annotate variants with their functional consequences using bioinformatic tools and publicly available “omics” data. Aim 3b. Prioritize results, group variants with shared function, and identify key genes functionally related to AD via weighted association analyses and network approaches. Analyses will be performed in coordination with the following PIs. Coordination will involve sharing expertise, analysis plans or analysis results. No individual level data will be shared across institutions. Philip De Jager, Columbia University; Eric Boerwinkle & Myriam Fornage, U of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; Sudha Seshadri, U of Texas, San Antonio; Ellen Wijsman, U of Washington. William Salerno, Baylor College of Medicine.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
This proposal seeks to analyze existing genetic sequencing data generated as part of the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) including the ADSP Follow-up Study (FUS) with the goal of identifying genes and specific changes within those genes that either confer risk for Alzheimer’s Disease or provide protection from Alzheimer’s Disease. Analytic challenges include analysis of whole genome sequencing data, appropriately accounting for population structure across European ancestry, Hispanic, and African American participants, and interpreting results in the context of other genomic data available.
Investigator:
Wingo, Thomas
Institution:
University of California Davis
Project Title:
Identifying Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Factors By Integrated Genomic and Proteomic Analysis
Date of Approval:
October 2, 2023
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
We aim to uncover new genetic risk variants for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by analysis of an integrated analysis of proteomics and genetic sequencing performed at Emory University. Results of these analyses will be used to weight analysis of whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-genome genotyping (WGG), and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from dbGaP and ADSP. We plan to publish our findings, so they are shared with the scientific community.Outcomes that will be tested include: (1) clinical disease status, (2) pathologic characterization (e.g., measures of beta-amylodi, tau, etc.), and (3) cognitive decline. For sequencing data, we will perform joint calling from samples previously mapped by ADSP using PECaller using default settings. Variant annotation will be performed using Bystro and quality control will follow Wingo et al., 2017. For rare variants, we will use burden- and variance-based tests to estimate association between genetic variants and each outcome for every gene in the genome. External weights from proteomic analyses will be optionally used, as well as measures of genomic conservation for each site. For common variants, we plan to test for differences in allele frequencies using maximum likelihood tests. For all analyses, we plan to control for population structure deriving principal components from the underlying sequencing or genotyping data.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Our aim is to identify genetic variants that are associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) either using genomic data (from dbGap or from Emory University) or brain protein sequencing data (from Emory University) as a starting point. Each center’s data will be analyzed separately, and we will determine whether the findings are consistent among the centers. Additionally, we will use protein data from brain or cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with or without AD to guide the analysis of the genomic data to identify genetic variants that influence AD risk. Our overarching aim is to use genetic discoveries to identify mechanisms of AD pathogenesis and creation of more meaningful models of the disease.
Investigator:
Wingo, Thomas
Institution:
University of California Davis
Project Title:
Identifying Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Factors By Integrated Genomic and Proteomic Analysis
Date of Approval:
January 21, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
We aim to uncover new genetic risk variants for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), AD-related dementia (ADRD), and behavioral and psychiatric symptoms (BPS) associated with AD/ADRD. We expect to use whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-genome genotyping (WGG), and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data. Additionally, we will use the results of brain proteomic analysis to nominate genes and pathways for AD, ADRD, and dementia BPS. We plan to publish our findings to share them with the scientific community.Outcomes that will be tested include: (1) clinical disease status, (2) pathologic characterization (e.g., measures of beta-amyloid, tau, etc.), (3) cognitive decline, (4) BPSD, and (5) outcomes related to AD/ADRD severity. For sequencing data, we will extract raw sequencing reads from CRAM/BAM (or equivalent encrypted files) and re-map those to hg38 build of the human genome using PEMapper. Bascalling will be performed using PECaller using default settings. Variant annotation will use Bystro and quality control will follow approaches to assess completeness and account for ancestry as is customary in our lab. For rare variants, we will a variety of kernel-based approaches and for common variants, use standard statistical modeling. For all analyses, we plan to control for population structure deriving principal components from the underlying sequencing or genotyping data.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Our aim is to identify genetic variants that are associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) to uncover new genetic associations. We will examine the role of important risk factors for AD (e.g., age and sex) in our analyses. Separately, we will perform integration of genetic findings for AD with information about how genetic variants influence or are associated with gene expression in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, or blood to uncover new pathways of disease. Our overarching aim is to use genetic discoveries to identify mechanisms of AD pathogenesis to help nominate new treatment targets.
Investigator:
Won, Hong-Hee
Institution:
Sungkyunkwan University
Project Title:
Identification of genetic factors for Alzheimer´s disease using large multi-omics analyses
Date of Approval:
November 14, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease is crucial for developing potential treatments. However, most research currently focuses on European populations. It is anticipated that by conducting analyses on diverse populations, such as Asians and Africans, new signals not previously identified in existing research may be uncovered.In this study, we aim to discover new signals through large-scale Alzheimer's disease Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) analysis across different populations. First, we plan to perform single variant and gene burden association analyses specific to each ethinic group to observe how signals may vary among them. We will identify associated risk factors for AD from independent genomics datasets including the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) and other trans-ethnic genomics datasets. We will employ the REGENIE program, widely used in large-scale genomics datasets. Our phenotypes of interest include Alzheimer's disease status and related variables.Secondly, we will conduct causal variant discovery through fine mapping analysis. We will use various brain tissue expression Quantitative Trait Locus (eQTL) datasets like MetaBrain to identify genes influenced by genetic variants. Additionally, we plan to investigate enhancer or candidate Cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) regions using single-cell level ATAC sequencing data or HiC data to determine whether AD associated variants exist within these regions.Through this research, we aim to uncover differences in GWAS signals across different ethnic groups and identify causal variants by leveraging a variety of data sources.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer's disease is known to have a significant genetic influence, and this genetic influence varies across different ethnic groups. In this study, we aim to identify which genetic variations contribute to Alzheimer's disease on an ethnic-specific basis. Identifying ethnic-specific genetic variations could assist in developing tailored treatments for each ethnic group. Additionally, we intend to explore various datasets to understand how certain genetic variations influence particular genes, ultimately contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Through these analyses, we aim to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease.
Investigator:
Wu, Gang
Institution:
St Jude Children's Research Hospital
Project Title:
Evaluation and development of rare variant analysis methods for novel disease or trait-related gene or region discovery using whole exome sequencing data
Date of Approval:
January 30, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
It is very important and it is also our aim to evaluate/utilize/develop the most powerful rare variant analysis methods in the discovery of novel cancer predisposition genes. The advance of sequencing technology and the refinement of reference sequence bring us cost-effective sequencing platforms and better accuracies, however, they have also generated very heterogeneous sequencing data sets, such as using different reference builds, different mapping software (versions). Objective: 1) evaluate/develop methods for building a pipeline in harmonizing different available cohorts to reduce false positives due to sequencing artifacts or batch effects; 2) evaluate/develop rare variant methods in analyzing large scale sequencing data, for example, identify which tests are robust and powerful, how to define regions or SNP sets, how to incorporate variant information. Study design: because large sample size is critical to achieve enough power, we will combine the data sets including TCGA, ADSP, as well as our inhouse sequencing data such as pediatric cancer sequence data or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) sequencing data. We need to deal with potential batch effects of different datasets. Then we will do case-control based association test, e.g., using one trait versus other traits to evaluate the enrichment of rare variants in each particular trait. Other public control data sets, such as 1000 Genomes or gnomAD might also help filtering potential pathogenic variants.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
For sequenced rare variants, it is very important to develop powerful methods in identifying trait specific predisposition genes or variants, which can incorporate as much prior information as possible and control potential batch effects due to different processing platforms. We will use the TCGA, ADSP and our inhouse pediatric and ALS sequencing dataset for evaluation and development of methods for identifying predisposition variations of each trait, for example, cancer risk genes, or neurodegenerative risk genes.
Investigator:
Xu, Hongyan
Institution:
Augusta University
Project Title:
Haplotype association with Alzheimer’s disease
Date of Approval:
October 9, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
High-throughput sequence technologies enable us to easily genotype dozens of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within any interesting gene. Such genome-wide SNP data are rapidly growing in disease association studies. The association analysis includes single-SNP and haplotype-based disease associations. Haplotype-based association analysis has several advantages over single-SNP association analysis. We propose to develop novel statistical methods for haplotype-based association using the whole-genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) sponsored by the National Institute of Aging. The phenotype is the case-control status. We will use current programs for haplotyping, then use the haplotypes for genetic association studies. We will develop new methods for modeling the recombination interference.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
High-throughput sequence technologies enable us to easily genotype dozens of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within any interesting gene. Such genome-wide SNP data are rapidly growing in disease association studies. The association analysis includes single-SNP and haplotype-based disease associations. Haplotype-based association analysis has several advantages over single-SNP association analysis. We propose to develop novel statistical methods for haplotype-based association using the whole-genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) sponsored by the National Institute of Aging.
Investigator:
Yang, Jingjing
Institution:
Emory University
Project Title:
Novel statistical methods for integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data in GWAS
Date of Approval:
December 2, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The objective of the proposed project is to derive novel statistical methods to integrate multi-omics data and pathology data in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for studying complex phenotypes, with the goal of prioritizing genetic variants and identifying causal genes. First, we will develop novel statistical methods to integrate summary-level omics data and pathology data of diverse populations with GWAS data to prioritize risk genes. Second, we will apply our tools to publicly available xQTL data and the ADSP GWAS data. Third, we will also use the ADSP GWAS summary data to conduct causal analysis of other aging-related phenotypes and AD dementia.We will first develop novel statistical methods to integrate summary-level xQTL data of multiple populations with GWAS data to test gene associations with complex human diseases. We are interested in studying all complex phenotypes that were profiled for the ADSP samples, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD-related complex phenotypes. Especially, our lab has access to the ROS/MAP multi-omics data shared by the Rush Alzheimer’s disease center (http://www.radc.rush.edu/), and GTEx data. All samples in the ROS/MAP study are well-characterized with extensive complex phenotypes profiled, including clinical diagnosis of AD, AD-related complex phenotypes, and psychological phenotypes. GTEx provides transcriptomic data of multiple human tissues. We will leverage multiple omics data profiled from the ROS/MAP study and transcriptomics data profiled from GTEx to learn SNP-omics relations, and then integrate such learned relationships with ADSP data to identify risk genes of complex diseases. We will also validate our findings by using omics and pathology data in the requested data sets.The purpose of using ADSP data is to increase sample size for testing our derived methods for functional genetic association studies of complex phenotypes, studying the genetic etiology of AD and AD-related phenotypes, and validating our finding by using the omics data from Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center. We are not limited to studying AD only. We are flexible to study any complex phenotypes that are profiled for ADSP samples.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
This proposed project is to develop novel statistical methods to integrate summary-level multi-omics data such as transcriptomic, proteomics, and epigenetics, and pathology data, in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of complex phenotypes, with the goal of identifying causal genes. i) We will develop novel statistical method for integrating summary-level omics data and pathology data with GWAS data. ii) We will apply our tools to publicly available summary-level omics data, omics data from the ROS/MAP study, and ADSP GWAS data for studying AD and AD-related phenotypes. iii) We will conduct causal inference to test the causal relationship between AD and other aging-related phenotypes. We propose to test our proposed methods on the applied genomic analysis data to study complex phenotypes that are profiled for ADSP, including AD, AD-related pathology traits, and related psychological disorders.
Investigator:
Yesavage, Jerome
Institution:
Stanford University
Project Title:
Identifying Variable Number Tandem Repeats Associated with Alzheimer Disease in Diverse Populations
Date of Approval:
December 18, 2019
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
This goal of this study is to examine the presence of Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) population. Within a genome exists short sequences of repeating DNA. While the repeated sequence (usually >6 bases in length) is usually conserved within a population, the number of times the sequence is repeated in any given individual varies. These genetic variants are known as VNTRs and the number of these repeats can be considered a polymorphism, with individuals or families having a different number of repeats than those seen in the general population. In the past VNTRs have been an overlooked polymorphic component of the genome even though a number of VNTRs have been shown to be associated with neurological disorders and brain functions. We aim to understand not only the presence of specific VNTRs associated with Alzheimer’s disease but also how different phenotypes influences the relationship of these VNTRs to AD, this may inform precise genetic profiles which can be applied to a diverse population. As the associative genetics of AD is known not to be conserved across races it is important to not only assess the dataset as a whole but also the association of the ethno-racial phenotypes to inform these precise genetic profiles. If we can use VNTRs to predict this debilitating disorder it opens up avenues to apply treatments earlier and impact one of the most prevalent social and economic burdens on our society. Whole genome sequence data will be analyzed using VNTRseek against a set of reference tandem repeats generated from the tandem repeats database. This software determines the presence of a particular repeat. Each output will contain the number of repeats for each VNTR for each genome and this will be filtered for repeats that have a variation from the reference to determine the presence of a VNTR. This will be used to determine allelic frequency of specific polymorphic repeats comparing controls to AD. We will also further separate the analysis into gender and the different ancestral phenotypes in the ADSP to assess for specific alleles that may be more associated in one ethno-racial group than another.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Within a genome exists short sequences of repeating DNA. While the repeated sequence (usually >6 bases in length) is usually conserved within a population, the number of times the sequence is repeated in any given individual varies. These variants are known as Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) and the number of these repeats can be considered a polymorphism. In the past VNTRs have been an overlooked polymorphic component of the genome even though a number of VNTRs have been shown to be associated with neurological disorders and brain functions. This study will examine the association of VNTRs in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) population using a specialized program, VNTRseek, to explore the presence of these VNTRs in the whole genome sequences from AD cases and controls. We believe analyzing the distribution of VNTRs in a large and diverse AD population may yield new associative genetic alleles which may not only assist in the prediction of AD development but identify new cellular pathways of interest in understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder.
Investigator:
Yesavage, Jerome
Institution:
Stanford University
Project Title:
Identifying Variable Number Tandem Repeats Associated with Alzheimer Disease in Diverse Populations
Date of Approval:
February 12, 2024
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
This goal of this study is to examine the presence of Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) population. Within a genome exists short sequences of repeating DNA. While the repeated sequence (usually >6 bases in length) is usually conserved within a population, the number of times the sequence is repeated in any given individual varies. These genetic variants are known as VNTRs and the number of these repeats can be considered a polymorphism, with individuals or families having a different number of repeats than those seen in the general population. In the past VNTRs have been an overlooked polymorphic component of the genome even though a number of VNTRs have been shown to be associated with neurological disorders and brain functions. We aim to understand not only the presence of specific VNTRs associated with Alzheimer’s disease but also how different phenotypes influences the relationship of these VNTRs to AD, this may inform precise genetic profiles which can be applied to a diverse population. As the associative genetics of AD is known not to be conserved across races it is important to not only assess the dataset as a whole but also the association of the ethno-racial phenotypes to inform these precise genetic profiles. If we can use VNTRs to predict this debilitating disorder it opens up avenues to apply treatments earlier and impact one of the most prevalent social and economic burdens on our society. Whole genome sequence data will be analyzed using VNTRseek against a set of reference tandem repeats generated from the tandem repeats database. This software determines the presence of a particular repeat. Each output will contain the number of repeats for each VNTR for each genome and this will be filtered for repeats that have a variation from the reference to determine the presence of a VNTR. This will be used to determine allelic frequency of specific polymorphic repeats comparing controls to AD. We will also further separate the analysis into gender and the different ancestral phenotypes in the ADSP to assess for specific alleles that may be more associated in one ethno-racial group than another.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Within a genome exists short sequences of repeating DNA. While the repeated sequence (usually >6 bases in length) is usually conserved within a population, the number of times the sequence is repeated in any given individual varies. These variants are known as Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) and the number of these repeats can be considered a polymorphism. In the past VNTRs have been an overlooked polymorphic component of the genome even though a number of VNTRs have been shown to be associated with neurological disorders and brain functions. This study will examine the association of VNTRs in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) population using a specialized program, VNTRseek, to explore the presence of these VNTRs in the whole genome sequences from AD cases and controls. We believe analyzing the distribution of VNTRs in a large and diverse AD population may yield new associative genetic alleles which may not only assist in the prediction of AD development but identify new cellular pathways of interest in understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder.
Investigator:
Yokoyama, Jennifer
Institution:
University of California, San Francisco
Project Title:
Rare variation contributing to Alzheimer's disease risk
Date of Approval:
February 3, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Identification and characterization of genetic modifiers of risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is paramount to development of a deeper understanding of AD pathogenesis as well as the identification of biomarkers and drug targets. The proposed research seeks to identify novel rare variants that could modulate an individual’s risk for developing sporadic late-onset or early-onset AD, and validate rare variants identified and characterized by our group that contribute to AD risk. In particular, we will focus on characterizing the contributions of changes in repetitive sequences within the coding regions of genes to AD risk. This study will also combine datasets from this project with whole genome or exome sequencing data generated by the University of California, San Francisco from individuals diagnosed with atypical or early-onset (< 65 years of age at diagnosis) AD to identify genetic risk factors unique to these less common forms of AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
We will use ADSP data in conjunction with existing data from our research center to characterize genetic variation that influence a person’s risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease. After establishing a set of candidate variants, we will functionally characterize their biological effect using cell and biochemical assays. Identification and characterization of Alzheimer’s disease risk modifiers will not only enhance our understanding of disease pathogenesis, but may also facilitate identification of therapeutic targets and biomarkers for preventing Alzheimer’s disease.
Investigator:
Yokoyama, Jennifer
Institution:
University of California, San Francisco
Project Title:
Investigating the immunogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease
Date of Approval:
September 5, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to compare how the abundance and expression of immune cells, in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy individuals change stratified on genotype at immune-related genes using the SEA-AD dataset. Secondly, in both SEA-AD and ADSP datasets, we aim to associate SNPs in immune-related genes with clinical and pathological measures.Study Design: This study will combine the publicly available single-cell sequencing data and WGS data from the SEA-AD dataset, comprising samples from both AD patients and healthy individuals. We will also assess WGS and cognitive data from the ADSP study. We will stratify patients by diagnosis (AD, control). Immune-associated genotypes will be extracted from whole genome sequencing data; gene expression will be quantified from bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data available in the SEA-AD cohort.Analysis Plan: Using the immune cell data from the SEA-AD datasets, we will identify and characterize different immune cell populations present in the brain samples. Gene expression profiles of immune cells will be analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between genotypes. This analysis will be conducted using methods such as DESeq2 or edgeR, with adjustments for multiple testing. DEGs will be functionally annotated and subjected to pathway and functional enrichment analysis to elucidate biological processes and pathways associated with immune cell function. We will compare the abundance of immune cell types between individuals with different genotypes using statistical tests such as t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and adjust for cofactors through the use of generalized linear models. To assess associations between genetic variants and cognitive outcomes, we will leverage data from ADSP and SEA-AD cohorts, employing linear-mixed effects regression models that control for demographic (race, sex, age, education) and clinical (APOE status) characteristics.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
This study aims to understand how immune cells in the brain differ between Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy individuals, focusing on genetic differences in immune-related genes. Additionally, we will analyze single-cell sequencing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data to compare immune cell abundance, gene expression, and genetic variation. We will also investigate how specific genetic variations (SNPs) in immune-related genes are linked to clinical and pathological features of AD.
Investigator:
Younkin, Steven
Institution:
Mayo Clinic
Project Title:
Evaluating polygenic architecture of Alzheimer’s disease using next gen sequencing data
Date of Approval:
August 11, 2022
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Research objective: To examine the polygenic architecture of AD using genetic variants identified in the ADSP data set. We plan to evaluate genetic variation originating from genes, pathways and other functional units for association with AD. Study design: Using whole genome and whole exome sequence, we will perform subject and variant QC using in house pipelines. We will then search for small sets of functionally related variants that show significant, replicable association with AD. Analysis plan: Our analysis plan will include in depth quality control of samples/subjects for the following metrics: sequencing coverage, sample call rate, missing chromosomes, sample contamination, sex check, relatedness, population substructure and a check of APOE genotypes. This will be followed by variant quality control and subsequent single variant association analysis adjusting for variation arising from population substructure, sequencing centers, sex, and APOE genotype. Using approaches suitable for analyzing sets of genes and/or variants (e.g. polygenic score analysis, SKAT-O), we will explore the polygenic architecture of AD of all available datasets by searching for sets of functionally related genes and/or variants which show significant, replicable association with AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
To identify novel AD genes which can be studied to develop new therapeutic approaches to AD, we will extend conventional analysis of single genetic variants by using methods capable of jointly analyzing all of the genetic variation in individual genes and functionally related sets of genes. These methods should enable us to identify novel, functionally related sets of genes which alter risk of AD.
Investigator:
Yu, Haiyuan
Institution:
Cornell University
Project Title:
Methods development in detecting rare non-coding variants in enhancer regions in Alzheimer's disease
Date of Approval:
January 30, 2026
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The project aims at developing a new method to detect rare non-coding variants in enhancers in Alzheimer's disease. Briefly, we limit variants discovery within potential enhancer hotspots from a combination of chromatin marks and eRNAs. We will study the effects of newly discovered non-coding variants using mutations from the whole-genome sequencing data, and examine their associations with phenotypes. The requested datasets will be used to establish and validate our method.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer's disease is potentially caused by rare mutations in human genome. Detecting these rare variants proves to be difficult. Our major goal is to develop a new approach to identify these rare mutations, and find out their contribution to the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Investigator:
Zaranek, Alexander (Sasha) Wait
Institution:
Curii Corporation
Project Title:
AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease): Ultrascale Machine Learning to Empower Discovery in Alzheimer’s Disease Biobanks
Date of Approval:
February 1, 2023
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify AD genotypes and endophenotypes that dissect AD’s heterogeneity; 2) relate said genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data. The goals of this multisite initiative (Paul Thompson, USC; Christos Davatzikos, Li Shen, Penn; Andy Saykin, IU; Heng Huang, Pitt, Paul Crane, UW; Adam Brickman, Columbia; Tim Hohman, Vanderbilt; Guyngah Jun, BU; Duygu Tosun, UCSF; Alexander Zaranek, Curii) leverage the promise of machine learning (ML) to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments. We will develop ML and deep learning methods to apply to large scale biobanks of whole genome sequences (WGS), neuroimaging, cognitive, and clinical data, aiming to discover new genomic features that influence biological processes of AD. We will apply methods of genome representation and tiling to WGS repositories to create inputs for AI methods. We will develop novel, interpretable, biological knowledge guided deep learning methods to discover genomic motifs associated with AD, AD risk, and biological processes of AD as defined by NIA-AA criteria. To quantify subtypes and disentangle biological processes of AD, we will apply computational methods to multimodal MRI and amyloid- and tau-sensitive PET to stratify and subtype patient groups; novel imaging genomics methods will detect genomic markers and pathways that modulate the developing pathology as detected in the images, and that predict future clinical decline or resilience. We hypothesize that advanced deep learning methods combined with whole genome data will outperform traditional methods and GWAS for predicting AD onset and progression, and will assist with disease subtyping and discovering treatable targets in the genome. A team will rank and repurpose existing, and identify novel drugs and targets in the genome based on the discovered genetic motifs affecting AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
The AI4AD (Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer’s Disease) Initiative aims to create and develop advanced AI methods, and apply them to extensive and rich genomic, imaging and cognitive data, in order to 1) identify genotypes and endophenotypes of AD that dissect the heterogeneity of the disease; 2) relate these genotypes and endophenotypes with clinical progression, in pre-dementia patients; 3) identify novel treatment targets for AD, by analyzing whole genome and associated phenotypic data at a previously impossible scale. Collectively, the goals of this highly collaborative multi- site initiative leverage the promise of machine learning to contribute to precision diagnostics, prognostication, and targeted and novel treatments.
Investigator:
Zhang, Haiyang
Institution:
Vivid Genomics
Project Title:
Validation and optimization of Alzheimer's Disease phenotypes prediction using machine learning enabled polygenic risk models
Date of Approval:
March 28, 2023
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Analyzing postmortem phenotype and genomics data from ~1100 human brain samples with machine learning, Vivid Genomics, Inc., has developed prototype genetic biomarker assays that predict the presence of amyloid plaques, Lewy body pathology, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and rate of cognitive decline. The objective is to increase subject numbers with similar data available through NIAGADS and NACC, along with datasets from several individual academic centers, to further optimize and validate our assays for neurodegenerative/cerebrovascular lesion types including tau, TDP-43, hippocampal sclerosis and microinfarcts, and for predicting rate of cognitive decline. NIAGADS datasets requested are NG00067 (including the newly released data which is new version 9 for dataset NG00067), NG00119, NG00117 and NG00127; data use limitations from these do not exclude our proposed usage. We are targeting >3000 subjects in total to be used for the validation of our models. We will focus on SNP selection and test the effects of different analysis strategies: 1) changing SNP p-value cutoffs 2) using LD-filtered representative SNPs with full genome coverage 3) testing the value of stratifying by APOE genotype 4) determining if it is better to add other covariates including age and sex. A fraction of the genetic data (~30%) will be withheld for validation. Optimization is defined as an area under the curve (AUC) of 80% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 80%, as well as R2 >0.75 for all assays. Values within 10% of this will be considered a successful validation. Through these assays, this project will benefit those suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders by increasing clinical trial efficiency through more precise subject selection and/or stratification.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Vivid Genomics is dedicated to developing genetic tests, typically done from DNA obtained from blood, that will predict, for any given older person, the likelihood that they have, or might develop when they become old, the characteristic brain changes of Alzheimer’s disease as well as other brain changes that affect thinking in older people. These changes include amyloid or senile plaques, tangles or tau, amyloid angiopathy, Lewy bodies, TDP-43 pathology, hippocampal sclerosis and brain infarcts (strokes). The objective of this study is to improve upon initial tests developed by Vivid, and to also develop genetic tests to predict the rate at which older people’s thinking ability decreases over time. To do this, Vivid Genomics requests human subject DNA analysis data stored at NIAGADS. Through these new genetic tests, Vivid hopes to benefit those suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and other brain diseases of aging by allowing better selection of subjects for clinical trials of these diseases, which would increase the chances of clinical trials finding useful new treatments.
Investigator:
Zhao, Jinying
Institution:
University of Florida
Project Title:
Identifying novel biomarkers for human complex diseases using an integrated multi-omics approach
Date of Approval:
November 21, 2023
Request status:
Closed
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
GWAS, WES and WGS have identified many genes associated with Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD) and its related traits. However, the identified genes thus far collectively explain only a small proportion of disease heritability, suggesting that more genes remained to be identified. Moreover, there is a clear gender and ethnic disparity for AD susceptibility, but little research has been done to identify gender- and ethnic-specific variants associated with AD. Of the many challenges for deciphering AD pathology, lacking of efficient and power statistical methods for genetic association mapping and causal inference represents a major bottleneck. To tackle this challenge, we have developed a set of novel statistical and bioinformatics approaches for genetic association mapping and multi-omics causation inference in large-scale ethnicity-specific epidemiological studies. The goal of this project is to leverage the multi-omics and clinical data archived by the ADSP, ADNI, ADGC as well as other AD-related data repositories to identify novel genes and molecular markers for AD. Specifically, we will (1) validate our novel methods for identifying novel risk and protective genomic variants and multi-omics causal pathways of AD; (2) identify novel ethnicity- and gender-specific genes and molecular causal pathways of AD. We will share our results, statistical methods and computational software with the scientific community.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Although many genes have been associated with Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD), these genes altogether explain only a small fraction of disease etiology, suggesting more genes remained to be identified. Of the many challenges for deciphering AD pathology, lacking of power statistical methods represents a major bottleneck. To tackle this challenge, we have developed a set of novel statistical and bioinformatics approaches for genetic association mapping and multi-omics causation inference in large-scale ethnicity-specific epidemiological studies. The goal of this project is to leverage the rich genetic and other omic data along with clinical data archived by the ADSP, ADNI, ADGC as well as other AD-related data repositories to identify novel genes and molecular markers for AD. Such results will enhance our understanding of AD pathogenesis and may also serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic targets.
Investigator:
Zhao, Zhongming
Institution:
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Project Title:
AIM-AI: an Actionable, Integrated and Multiscale genetic map of Alzheimer's disease via deep learning
Date of Approval:
March 27, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Objectives: The objective of our study is to advance our understanding of the genetic basis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) through the analysis of comprehensive genomic datasets such as Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), single-nuclei RNA sequencing, and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), as well as the related phenotype. We aim to identify genetic variants that are integral to the development and progression of AD.Study Design: Our approach involves a detailed multi-omics analysis focusing on both coding and non-coding regions within these datasets. We will develop new analytical variables from existing data, ensuring that our research adheres to the established data use limitations and contributes meaningfully to the field of genetic research in AD.Analysis Plan: The plan centers on investigating the correlation between genetic variants and AD, exploring how these variants influence the disease at a genetic level. We will employ cutting-edge computational methods to analyze interactions between these genetic markers and their potential role in AD pathogenesis. The integration of data from multiple sources will be carefully executed to maintain compliance with data use agreements, emphasizing the scientific exploration of AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Our research is dedicated to unraveling the genetic components of Alzheimer’s Disease. By analyzing genetic sequences and variations through various genomic datasets, we seek to deepen the scientific understanding of how these genetic elements contribute to AD. The outcomes of this study will be shared with the public, enhancing general knowledge of Alzheimer’s Disease and supporting the global research community in its ongoing efforts to decode this complex condition.
Investigator:
Zhi, Degui
Institution:
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Project Title:
Genetics of deep-learning-derived neuroimaging endophenotypes for Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
February 6, 2025
Request status:
Expired
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects 5.6 million Americans over the age of 65 and exacts tremendous and increasing demands on patients, caregivers, and healthcare resources. Our current understanding of the biology and pathophysiology of AD is still limited, hindering advances in the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies. Existing genetic studies of AD have some success but these explain only a fraction of the overall disease risk, suggesting opportunities for additional discoveries. The proposed project will leverage existing neuroimaging and genetic data resources from the UK Biobank, the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), and the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, and will be conducted by a multidisciplinary team of investigators. We will derive AD endophenotypes from neuroimaging data in the UK Biobank using deep learning (DL). We will identify novel genetic loci associated with DL-derived imaging endophenotypes and optimize the co-heritability of these endophenotypes with AD-related phenotypes using UK Biobank genetic data. We will leverage resources and collaborations with AD Consortia and the power of DL-derived neuroimaging endophenotypes to identify novel genes for Alzheimer’s Disease and AD-related traits. Also, we will develop DL-based neuroimaging harmonization and imputation methods and distribute implementation software to the research community. We expect to discover new genes relevant to AD which may leads to understanding of molecular basis of AD and potential new treatment.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exacts a tremendous burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare resources. Our current understanding of the biology of AD is still limited, hindering advances in the development of treatment and prevention. Existing genetic studies of AD have some success but more studies are needed. The proposed project will leverage existing neuroimaging and genetic data resources from the UK Biobank, the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) and other consortia and will be conducted by a multidisciplinary team of investigators. We will derive new AD relevant intermediate phenotypes from neuroimaging data using deep learning (DL), an AI approach. We will identify novel genetic loci associated with these phenotypes. Also, we will develop imaging harmonization and imputation methods and distribute implementation software to the research community. We expect to discover new genes relevant to AD which may leads to understanding of molecular basis of AD and potential new treatment.
Investigator:
Zhou, Weichen
Institution:
University of Michigan
Project Title:
Explore the functional impact of transposable elements in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
Date of Approval:
September 4, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
Explore somatic transposable elements and their Alzheimer's disease-related patterns using genomic and phenotypic data from large cohorts:In order to explore the impact of the transposable element in Alzheimer's disease, we propose to conduct a systematic survey in the available large cohorts. The ADSP dataset in NIAGAlzheimer's diseaseS (Accession No. NG00067) includes 16,906 whole-genome sequences and 20,504 whole-exome sequences for case-control and family-based studies of Alzheimer's disease from diverse populations, which is a perfect resource to leverage in this project. Under the support of the Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center, we will request to access NIAGADS. To detect somatic transposable elements in the ADSP dataset, we will employ established computational pipelines to resolve the transposable elements in the sequencing data, MELT and xTEA for WGS and SCRAMble for WES, respectively. Parameters in these tools, for instance, the calling threshold of supporting reads, will be adjusted accordingly to cooperate with the detection of somatic transposable elements in cells at low frequency. To exclude potential germline transposable elements, we will leverage a master set of polymorphic transposable elements from diverse populations, which are based on our previous projects at the Human Genome Structural Variation Consortium, and the case-control information provided by ADSP. We aim to summarize a spectrum of somatic transposable elements that would be Alzheimer's disease-relevant along with various clinical and phenotypic information. To build Alzheimer's disease-related genetic patterns we will implement Mutect2 (GATK) and Strelka2 to discover SNVs from WGS and WES data and link them with transposable elements in the same haplotype. After obtaining this set of patterns, we will collect phenotypic information from the ADSP dataset to conduct family-based associated analysis and gene-burden analysis. RegulomeDB will be used to annotate the effects of non-coding functional impact and regulatory changes for these Alzheimer's disease-related patterns.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
It seeks to explore the connection between the somatic transposable elements in the human genome and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. It will leverage large-scale datasets to extensively explore the genome-wide transposable elements and then stratify Alzheimer’s disease-relevant ones by using the rich clinical information from the cohorts. Further analysis pipelines will be built based on the results of the proposed project to investigate the functional impact of these transposable elements on Alzheimer’s disease and would improve the understanding of genetic causes of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.
Investigator:
ZHU, HONGTU
Institution:
Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Project Title:
Development of a structured knowledge graph for AD for better prediction, diagnosis and treatment
Date of Approval:
March 17, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
We will use the data to build an AD-related omics database both by using state-of-the-art and by developing advanced deep learning-based methods for harmonization and imputation of multi-omics data, facilitating system biology studies to gain deep understanding of AD.We will use the data to identify the genetic biomarkers with causal effect on behavioral deficits in Alzheimer’s study and use these biomarkers to help predict Alzheimer's disease (AD). SNP data will be screened first using the GWAS and significant SNPs will be selected as genetic biomarkers according to their p-values. Then causal effects will be estimated to evaluate the contribution of genetic biomarkers. For AD prediction, enhanced statistical, machine learning, and deep learning approaches will be explored and compared, which may include but not limited to: the PCA decomposition, ridge regression/elastic net algorithm, boosting algorithms such as XGBoost/lightGBM, deep learning models such as the deep factorization machine.In far future, we want to develop a structured, literature and expert-knowledge based knowledge graph for better prediction, diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Leveraging our newly developed causal inference method, we aim to identify genetic causal pathways for the Alzheimer's disease (AD) from genomic data collected from multiple populations. The identified features will be used to predict cognitive and behavior scores among patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Finally, we want to develop a knowledge graph for better prediction, diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Investigator:
Zody, Michael
Institution:
New York Genome Center
Project Title:
Characterizing complex structural variation in Alzheimer's Disease
Date of Approval:
August 15, 2025
Request status:
Approved
Research use statements:
Show statements
Technical Research Use Statement:
We will run multiple structural variation (SV) callers, including but not limited to Absinthe, Canvas, Manta, MELT, and PanGenie, on the entire Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Program (ADSP) WGS data set. We will combine these data into a single coherent SV call set which we will genotype on the entire ADSP WGS data set. We will use these data, together with SNV and indel calls, to generate a phased integrated SNV/indel/SV genotype panel for ADSP. We will then use this to impute the presence of SVs in data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) genotyping on samples not included in ADSP and also in external phenotyped population sequencing projects including but not necessarily limited to UK Biobank. The resulting directly genotyped and imputed SVs will be used in association studies with AD status and related phenotypes.We will perform this work in collaboration with Badri Vardarajan at Columbia University.We will collaborate with Gerard Schellenberg, Li-San Wang, Wan-Ping Lee and Yuk Yee (Fanny) Leung in GCAD at University of Pennsylvania to share individual SV callsets we have generated distinct from theirs and build a joint SV callset.NYGC will contract the services of Wayne Clarke from Outlier Informatics for this project. Dr. Clarke will be responsible for the cloud implementation of NYGC's SV calling pipelines and for optimizing and running data analysis on AWS and GCP as well as locally on NYGC hardware. In this capacity Dr. Clarke will use NYGC accounts and compute infrastructure to access NIAGADS data in the cloud or downloaded to NYGC's on prem compute infrastructure.
Non-Technical Research Use Statement:
Structural variation refers to alterations in DNA that change the copy number or ordering of large blocks of DNA. Historically, these have been difficult to detect accurately and thus their impact on disease risk has often been ignored. We will apply the latest methods to discover and characterize structural variants in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) cases and controls, and then use genetic association techniques to determine whether these events are likely to be correlated with increased or decreased risk of developing AD or any of the specific features of AD. Identifying additional genetic risk factors may improve diagnosis of AD and may increase our understanding of the biological mechanisms leading to AD and possible therapeutics.

Total number of samples: 110,270

Female 60,903 55.2 %

Male 49,362 44.8 %

Sex not reported: 5 (0.0%)

American Indian/Alaska Native	186
Asian	5,605
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	16
Black or African American	9,880
White	68,912
Other	10,705
NA	14,966

AD
Control	41,096	37.3%
Case	22,976	20.8%
Other	1,531	1.4%
Unknown	41,864	38.0%

PSP
Control	128	0.1%
Case	2,340	2.1%

Overview

Description

Latest Release:

Sample Summary per Data Type

Available Filesets

Data Dictionary Files

R2 WES Target Regions

VariXam- Variant Browser

Sample information

Data Releases

Latest Release:

Previous Releases:

Related Studies

Cohorts

Phenotype Harmonization

ADSP Phenotype Harmonization Consortium

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Subject and cohort counts for each domain:

Consent Levels

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgment statement for any data distributed by NIAGADS:

For investigators using any data from this dataset:

For investigators using Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (sa000001) data:

For investigators using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (sa000002) data:

For investigators using Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium (sa000003) data:

For investigators using The Familial Alzheimer Sequencing Project (sa000004) data:

For investigators using Brkanac- Family-based genome scan for AAO of LOAD (sa000005) data:

For investigators using HIHG Miami Families with AD (sa000006) data:

For investigators using Washington Heights and Inwood Community Aging project (WHICAP) (sa000007) data:

For investigators using Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (sa000008) data:

For investigators using Corticobasal Degeneration Study (sa000009) data:

For investigators using Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Study (sa000010) data:

For investigators using Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Alzheimer’s Disease (AMP-AD) (sa000011) data:

For investigators using University of Pittsburgh- Kamboh (sa000012) data:

For investigators using APOE Extremes WGS Study (sa000013) data:

For investigators using Cache County Study (sa000014) data:

For investigators using NIH, CurePSP and Tau Consortium PSP WGS (sa000015) data:

For investigators using CurePSP and Tau Consortium PSP WGS (sa000016) data:

For investigators using UCLA Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (sa000017) data:

For investigators using The Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI-DAD) (sa000019) data:

For investigators using Dissecting the Genomic Etiology of non-Mendelian Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease (EOAD) and Related Phenotypes (sa000023) data:

For investigators using University of Alabama at Birmingham Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (sa000036) data:

For investigators using Genetic Studies of Alzheimer’s Disease in Korea (sa000056) data:

For investigators using Wellderly – Healthy Elderly Active Longevity (HEAL) (sa000057) data:

For investigators using Arizona APOE Cohort Study (sa000058) data:

For investigators using Genetic Architecture of Alzheimer’s disease and Related Proteinopathies (sa000059) data:

For investigators using ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (sa000060) data:

For investigators using Health & Aging Brain Study – Health Disparities (HABS-HD) (sa000061) data:

For investigators using Estudio Familiar de la Influencia Genetica en Alzheimer (EFIGA) (sa000062) data:

For investigators using National Institute of Aging Alzheimer’s Disease Family Based Study (NIA AD-FBS) (sa000063) data:

Related Publications

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Third-Party Access

Approved Users

Total number of samples: 110,270